基于FSC森林认证的大桂山林场森林经营方案编制

针对广西国有大桂山林场开展FSC森林认证的需要,探讨森林经营方案编制的原则、方法与主要内容,对编制过程中的主要技术难点提出了解决方案。     

基于FSC森林认证杨树人工林经营方案编制关键技术

简要介绍了森林认证以及FSC的有关情况,着重对FSC认证条件下的人工林经营方案编制的原则、指导思想和编制重点进行了探讨。     

基于 FSC 森林认证杨树人工林经营方案编制关键技术1）

简要介绍了森林认证以及FSC的有关情况,着重对FSC认证条件下的人工林经营方案编制的原则、指导思想和编制重点进行了探讨。     

中国FSC森林经营认证不符合项分析

作为提高森林经营管理水平、促进森林可持续经营的一种制度创新,森林认证对森林生态保护和建设以及世界林产品贸易均具有影响。森林管理委员会(Forest Stewardship Council,FSC)认证是目前全球最具影响力的森林认证体系,不符合项是针对FSC认证标准层面开具的企业在开展森林经营过程中违反认证标准所包含的原则总和,通过对不符合项进行分析,可以总结出我国已通过认证的森林经营企业经营状况与FSC标准的差距。文中从FSC网站收集中国开展FSC森林经营认证的80家企业的191份审核报告,对FSC认证的发展现状和认证机构开展审核时提出的不符合项进行分析。结果发现,企业在环境影响、森林监测、当地社区、劳动者权利、森林经营方案编制方面与FSC认证标准存在差距。应从加强企业森林认证动力、企业森林认证能力和技术建设以及国家政策支持等方面进一步提升,进而提高森林认证对我国森林经营管理的作用。     

FSC森林经营认证应用的实证研究

随着全球对气候问题的日益关注,国际市场对森林认证(FSC)的要求越来越高.从浙江临安市昌化林场首家FSC森林经营认证到千岛湖的推广应用,针对我国的森林经营对比FSC认证原则与标准,在管理程序、社区权益、环境保护、森林经营方案等方面存在的差距,开展研究和实践,取得了明显成效.并提出了推广森林认证,实现可持续经营的建议.     

我国森林认证体系的研究

研究FSC森林认证体系原则和标准的层次结构 ,参照FSC认证标准和国际的森林可持续经营的标准和指标 ,结合我国国情 ,提出我国森林可持续经营的标准和指标。     

城市森林经营方案编制技术的研究

文章分析城市森林经营方案编制的重要性和必要性,论述方案编制的指导思想、基本原则、重点内容和主要依据,着重介绍了城市森林经营方案编制的几个关键技术,并提出一些对策措施,旨在抛砖引玉,为城市森林经营方案编制提供参考。     

国内森林经营单位FSC森林认证结果分析

对国内黑龙江友好林业局、吉林省白河林业局等7家开展FSC森林认证的森林经营单位的认证审核报告等相关资料进行分析,总结了不同认证机构在审核方法及评估方式上的共同点是:标准化;独立审核;多学科团队;审核过程公正、透明化;3种审核方式相结合.不同认证机构在审核方面的差异是:审核指标不同;审核方式与结论不同.从FSC原则与标准2方面分析了这些单位的差距,认为目前国内森林经营单位与FSC认证要求的差距主要体现在环境和社会影响评估、森林监测和经营方案3个方面.据此提出了相应的改进建议.     

玻利维亚社区的森林经营认证--机遇和局限性

目前，玻利维亚森林认证总面积为 886 977 hm2，其中包括租借地、私有林和社区经营的森林。认证的社区森林的总面积为5.3万hm2，均属于Lonerio社区林业项目所有，其森林管理者是当地社区。认证者是社区代理组织APCOB（即对玻利维亚东部农民和土著人的支持）/CICOL（即玻利维亚东部公共中心）。 玻利维亚社区管理的森林面积为 258 821 hm2。为通过森林管理委员会（FSC）的认证，社区按FSC的要求制定了这片林地的森林经营计划，并按其计划进行了森林管理。FSC的主要要求之一是需要认证的经营单位必须按照FSC认证的原则和标准…     

浅谈森林认证

森林认证在国内外的进展情况1.森林认证在国外的发展情况森林认证作为促进森林可持续经营的一种市场机制,自20世纪90年代初兴起以来,已经被逐步认可和接受。1992年世界环发大会后,非政府组织开始大力推行这种新的体系,为了监督认证的独立性和公开性,1993年非政府保护组织成立了森林管理委员会(简称FSC)。1994年FSC通过了原则和标准,开始授权认证机构根据此原则和标准进行森林认证。一些国家和地区也开始了自己的认证过程。从此,森林认证在世界范围内逐渐开展起来。目前世界上共有2大森林认证体系即FSC与国际标准化组织(简称ISO140001)…     

FSC森林经营联合认证标准最新修订及其对我国的影响

联合认证是小规模经营者开展森林管理委员会(FSC)森林经营认证的重要组织模式.从2018年起FSC对联合认证的标准进行了重新修订,并于2021年3月16日正式生效.FSC森林经营联合认证标准的制修订对于完善中国森林认证标准体系具有参考意义.文中介绍了FSC联合认证标准的最新变动,就该标准实施后对我国已开展认证的组织可能...     

集体林权制度改革后FSC森林认证对我国人工林可持续经营的借鉴意义

我国人工林面积居世界之首,但人工林的质量并不高,且大多林分结构简单,生物多样性低,针叶化现象较严重,不利于地力维持和林分生产力提高.基于FSC森林认证体系及其认证模式,分析林改后FSC森林认证体系对人工林可持续经营的借鉴作用,包括人工林的经营应在法制的框架内实施,人工林的发展要考虑生物多样性和社区利益,实现“近自然化经营”,制定规范的人工林经营方案等我国人工林可持续经营对策.     

Forest Stewardship Council certification for forest ecosystem services: An analysis of stakeholder adaptability

There are many studies indicating the linkages of Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) forest management certification to forest ecosystem services (FES). The primary focus of the research was the FSC system's impacts on FES management. What is unique about this study is that it evaluates the adaptability of key FSC stakeholders in terms of their ability to incorporate FES. We surveyed 270 FSC stakeholders to quantify the capacity of FSC certification bodies (e.g., auditors) to audit FES delivery, the preferences of FSC enabling partners (e.g., FSC national networks) to provide training, and the experiences and expectations of FSC certificate holders (e.g., forest owners) to manage and sell FES. The study results indicate that the stakeholder adaptability was high for biodiversity conservation, carbon storage, and provision of non-timber forest products, medium for watershed protection services, and low for ecotourism and agricultural products. This may help FSC establish priorities for capacity development for FES.     

Obstacles for Plantation to Get FSC Certification in China

The development of plantation plays a very important role in forestry industry development in China because of its unique advantages. However, the ecological and environmental issues urgently require sustainable plantation development. FSC certification for sustainable forest management balances the economic, environmental and social benefits and contributes to sustainable development of plantation. FSC certification for plantation is significantly important to China with the most plantation area in the wor...     

Does forest certification enhance livelihood conditions? Empirical evidence from forest management in Kilwa District,Tanzania

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) forest management certification standards have been promoted to contribute to community livelihood conditions. However, little has been done to evaluate it quantitatively. Employing theory of change, this study assesses and compares empirical evidence of the influence of the FSC forest management certification approach to enhance livelihood conditions in Kilwa, Tanzania, by using economic valuation methods and governance indicators. This is achieved through a comparative study of villages with certified community forests (FSC) under community based forest management and those without (non-FSC). Results show that annual average household forest income from FSC-certified forests is significantly higher than that of households in non-FSC-certified forests. With reference to rule compliance as an indicator of good governance, implementation of forest bylaws in villages managing FSC-certified forests is significantly more effective than villages in non-FSC-certified forests. These findings provide an insight into the influence of forest certification in enhancing livelihood conditions and that the incorporation of FSC standards into forest policies may lead to more enhancement of livelihood conditions. These findings serve as a baseline for further research on the effects of forest certification at both spatial and temporal scales.     

Analyzing Strategies to Enhance Small and Low Intensity Managed Forests Certification in Europe using SWOT-ANP

Small forest holders own approximately 55 % of European forests. Forest certification can effectively support smallholders in environmental and socio-economic terms and increasing their access to certification is a priority for all the certification systems. With the aim of gaining a better insight into the smallholder certification scenario, this study identifies and analyzes the main factors influencing the diffusion of the Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) smallholder certification in Europe. Potential strategies to help FSC meet the requirement of smallholders—and as a consequence enhance their access to certification—are pointed out. First, European FSC certification reports were reviewed; second, a Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats-Analytic Network Process (SWOT-ANP) analysis was applied. The review of the reports shows that FSC certification allows achieving substantial environmental and social improvements, making a valuable contribution to ordinary management. The SWOT-ANP analysis reveals a common awareness that the FSC scheme has been customized for the small-scale forestry over the last years—indeed, the certificates issued annually are increasing—but the need to make further progress and to provide adequate technical-managerial support to smallholders during all certification phases still emerge. Results from the economic analysis highlight that certification may be a good opportunity to increase commercial relationships and exchanges, by facilitating the entrance of certified products to dedicated high-value markets. Findings also highlight social and environmental shortcomings concerning forest workers conditions and management practices.     

Differences in forest management practices in Primorsky Krai: Case study of certified and non-certified by Forest Stewardship Council forest concessions

The Forest Stewardship Council (FSC) aims to promote environmentally responsible forest management globally. However, quantifiable evidence of effects of FSC on forest management practices is lacking. FSC has been present in the Russian forestry arena for over 20 years. In this case study, we compare ecological indicators of forest management in FSC-certified and non-certified companies in Primorsky Krai of the Russian Far East. Those indicators include percent of forest cover loss and gain on forest concessions managed by three certified and three non-certified companies. We also interview a range of stakeholders involved with forest management or in forest policy planning in Russia to provide context for this case study. Results indicate no difference between certified and non-certified companies with regard to forest cover loss from 2008 to 2015 or forest cover gain from 2000 to 2012. Stakeholder interviews reveal that while forest certification is viewed positively and considered an efficient mechanism to improve forest management, the stakeholders doubt its ability to stimulate quantifiable changes in forest management practices in Russia and the Far East specifically. We focus on Primorsky Krai because of its unique geographic location, where its neighbors China and Japan significantly influence Primorsky Krai’s export market.