黑麦草粉对鸡蛋蛋黄着色和产蛋量的影响

每组48只蛋鸡,分别饲喂含多花黑麦草粉0、5%、8%的全价配合饲料,连续饲喂21d,分别测定产蛋量、各鸡群的摄食量以及蛋黄色泽级别,结果表明:饲喂含5%和8%多花黑麦草粉日粮的鸡群其摄食量和产蛋量较常规组略有下降,分别比对照下降1.66%、2.33%和2.15%、2.00%,而添加多花黑麦草粉处理的蛋黄色级比对照组有显著提高,平均提高5级左右。     

低聚木糖对蛋鸡产蛋性能的影响试验

低聚木糖的主要成份为木二糖至木五糖混和物,是一类新型绿色、保健饲料添加剂。它可通过对动物肠道内的双岐杆菌的高选择性增殖作用,从而减少肠道内有害菌的数量,明显提高动物免疫力及饲料转化率。对蛋鸡使用该添加剂后,能显著提高蛋鸡的产蛋性能,降低料蛋比,增加养鸡效益,试验结果表明,在饲料中添加0.05%低聚木糖,能显著提高蛋鸡产蛋率4%～5%,每羽蛋鸡一个产蛋期内可增加效益3～4元。     

旺发生物无抗生素饲养技术专栏(六) 微生态制剂在养鸡生产中的应用

<正>1在蛋鸡饲料中的应用在蛋鸡饲料添加微生态制剂,可提高产蛋率和蛋品质,同时可改善饲料利用率,提高饲料报酬。斐兰顺(1994)结果表明:在蛋鸡日粮中添加0.4%微生态制剂,产蛋量提高4.6%(P<0.05),产蛋率提高2.4%,死亡率下降2%。田永植等(2000)用微生态制剂对蛋鸡饮水试验,与对照组相比,试验组产蛋率提高10.4%,产蛋量提高1.1%。Ganford(1997)也指出,益生素可预防和治疗鸡白痢,也可使蛋鸡的生产期平均     

蛋鸡日粮添加膨润土效果试验

膨润土含多种元素，主要是硅、钾、钠、钙、铝、镁、铁、铜、锌、钴、锰、氯等，绝大部分是禽体内所必须的常量和微量元素，为探讨蛋鸡饲喂效果，我们在普兰店市某鸡场进行饲养试验，历时６０ｄ，试验结果表明，膨润土对提高蛋鸡产蛋率、蛋重、饲料转化率和减少破损蛋，增加经济效益均有明显的作用。     

开产蛋鸡脂肪肝综合征的病因与防治

蛋鸡发生脂肪肝,主要原因是饲料配方不合理、饲养环境差、缺乏VE、VB、蛋氨酸、胆碱等亲脂因子等原因。近几年脂肪肝发病率逐年上升,通过对发病蛋鸡饲料分析发现,蛋鸡饲料中普遍添加0.5%～1%油脂或用膨化大豆代替部分豆粕,忽略了油脂和大豆中含有高能量。采取调整蛋鸡饲料配方,限制饲喂量等方法控制了该病持续发生。     

黑麦草粉对鸡蛋蛋黄着色和产蛋量的影响

每组48只蛋鸡，分别饲喂舍多花黑麦草粉0、5％、8％的全价配合饲料，连续饲喂21d。分别测定产蛋量、各鸡群的摄食量以厦蛋黄色泽级别。结果表明：饲喂舍5％和8％多花黑麦草粉日报的鸡群其摄食量和产蛋量较常规组略有下降。分别比对照下降1．66％、2．33％和2．15％、2．00%，而添加多花黑麦草粉处理的蛋黄色级比对照组有显著提高．平均提高5级左右。     

多花黑麦草粉对鸡蛋黄着色和产蛋量的影响

选择4个“半笼组”,每组48只蛋鸡,按常规方法喂料3d后,再选定其中产蛋率与产蛋量基本相近的3个“半组笼”,分别编号为A、B、C组,A组饲喂全价蛋鸡料,B、C组在全价蛋鸡料基础上分别添加多花黑麦草粉5%、8%,连续饲喂21d,分别测定产蛋量、各鸡群的摄食量以及蛋黄色泽级别,结果表明:饲喂含5%和8%多花黑麦草粉日粮的鸡群其摄食量和产蛋量较常规组略有下降,分别比对照下降1.66%、2.33%和2.15%、2.00%,而添加多花黑麦草粉处理的蛋黄色级比对照组有显著提高,平均提高5级左右。     

益维菌液(EM-200)在蛋鸡养殖中的应用研究

目的研究益维菌液在蛋鸡养殖中的应用效果。方法将蛋鸡分为3组分别为试验1组、试验2组和对照组,试验1、2组饮水中添加EM-20菌液分别为01%、0.2%,对照组不添加,观察3组的腹泻率、存活率、产蛋率、料蛋比、新城疫和法氏囊病的抗体水平。结果益维菌液(EM-200)饲喂蛋鸡,能使腹泻降低71.36%,成活率提高8.2%,鸡蛋内胆固醇含量降低51.36%,产蛋率提高4.9%～8.8%,料蛋比比不采用益维菌液(EM-200)产品的下降了11.23%。蛋鸡饲用益维菌液(EM-200)能显著提高鸡新城疫、法氏囊炎的免疫效果。结论益维菌液(EM-200)应用于蛋鸡养殖中,能显著提高蛋鸡生产性能,改善蛋鸡产品的品质,提高免疫效果,减少因蛋鸡腹泻而带来的疾病的困扰,改善饲养环境,解决大量使用抗生素而带来的副作用,既绿色、又环保、值得推广应用。     

日粮中添加不同蛋氨酸水平对蛋鸡生产的影响

在日粮中添加蛋氨酸,能提高蛋鸡的生产性能,但并不是添加剂量越大越好,经大量试验证明,当蛋氨酸添加量为0.1%时,蛋鸡的综合性能(产蛋、饲料报酬、经济效益)最佳。     

不同中药组方对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的作用

目的 研究2种中药组方对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质的影响。方法 选取420只300日龄白来航鸡，随机分为7组，每组3个重复，每个重复20只鸡。实验1组为空白对照组，只饲喂基础日粮；实验2组、3组、4组在基础日粮中分别添加0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的组方1药物；实验5组、6组、7组分别添加0.2%、0.5%、1.0%的组方2药物，饲喂28d。结果 与对照组相比，各实验组的产蛋率、平均蛋重和平均日采食量均显著增加(P<0.05),实验4组料蛋比显著下降(P<0.05);实验组的蛋白高度、蛋黄比均显著增加(P<0.05),蛋壳厚度变化不明显。结论 饲料中添加中药组方1和组方2对蛋鸡的生产性能、蛋品质有提升作用，最适浓度为1.0%。     

南美鲱鱼鱼种培育试验初报

在 3口 300 m~2的池子中进行南美鲱鱼鱼种的培育试验,鱼苗放养规格为全长 2-3cm,放养密度为2200尾/口,采取微流水培育。投喂自制的团状饲料,粗蛋白含量25-30％。经过113天养殖,平均全长21.3cm,平均体重165.2g:其中最大个体全长26.2cm,体重261g;最小个体南美鲱鱼全长14.3cm,体重49.4g;.日平均增重1.46g.成活率95％,饵料系数1.7-1.8。     

以可消化氨基酸为基础研制产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮试验

选用272只罗曼褐商品蛋鸡，采用2×3重复交叉试验设计进行了以可消化氨基酸为基础研制产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮的研究。结果表明，根据饲料可消化氨基酸含量。采用全植物性蛋白质饲料研制的产蛋鸡无鱼粉饲粮，试鸡的产蛋性能、饲料转化率均达到相同营养水平的鱼粉型饲粮的效果，料蛋比为2．4％。每吨无鱼粉型饲粮可降低原料成本74．96元，平均每只试鸡每天可多获毛利0．0168元，提高11．28％，经济效果良好。     

锯缘青蟹卵膜变化与卵子附着研究

利用光镜和电镜观察了锯缘青蟹成熟卵及其受精后卵膜变化和卵子附着特征。锯缘青蟹成熟卵子卵膜有三层即外层、内层和质膜。卵子产出后,无论受精与否,外层和内层卵黄膜形成壳膜,与卵子附着有关。刚产出的卵子卵膜具有溶胶性和延展性,卵子与刚毛表面之间或卵子之间接触便粘在一起,由于刚毛摆动和卵子的重力作用,形成卵柄或卵索。卵子受精后,发生皮层反应形成受精膜。由壳膜和受精膜构成的孵化膜为初级卵膜,保护胚胎发育,直至     

Egg quality in rainbow trout: The relation between egg viability,selected aspects of egg composition,and time of stripping

Batches of eggs (1 batch/female) from 17 rainbow trout in their first spawning season were stripped and reared separately, and the percentage which hatched and the percentage which reached the stage of first feeding were determined. The fertilised egg batches were analysed for egg wet weight, egg dry weight, chorion weight and levels in the eggs of free, bound and total lipid, precipitable protein, protein phosphorus, lipid phosphorus, calcium and iron. All determinations were made on single eggs, and six eggs from each batch were analysed for each variable. Results were expressed in absolute terms (as weight of component per egg) and as percentage of egg dry weight. Highly significant variations in all these aspects of egg composition were shown to occur between parent females. However, there was no significant correlation between the percentage of the original number of eggs which hatched and any one aspect of egg composition, except for a weak positive correlation (P<0.05) with the percentage of protein phosphorus in the eggs. Similarly, there was no significant correlation between the percentage of the original number of eggs which reached first feeding and any one aspect of egg composition except for weak positive correlations (P<0.05) with egg wet weight and with both the absolute level and the percentage of protein phosphorus in the egg. There was significant positive correlation (P<0.05) between the percentage of hatched eggs (alevins) surviving to first feeding and each of the following: egg wet weight, egg dry weight and absolute levels in the egg of bound lipid, precipitable protein and protein phosphorus. Egg batches with higher hatching percentage (>50%) differed significantly from those with zero hatching percentage in having (in absolute terms) higher egg weight, chorion weight, protein phosphorus (all P<0.001), egg dry weight, bound lipid and precipitable protein (all P<0.01) and (percentages) higher chorion weight (P<0.05) and protein phosphorus (P<0.001), and lower free and total lipid (both P<0.01) and iron (P<0.05). In a separate experiment to investigate the effects of allowing the eggs to be retained by the female within the abdominal cavity for increasing periods of time after ovulation, eggs were obtained from three females on three or four successive occasions 2–11 days apart. Although the above aspects of egg composition remained almost constant when the eggs were held in the female for up to 18 days after ovulation, the hatching percentage declined sharply within this period, in two females falling from over 90% to near zero. These results together indicate that the time of stripping of the eggs in relation to the date of ovulation is a much more significant determinant of egg quality than any of the chemical and physical aspects of egg composition which were investigated.     

Effects of dietary protein level on spawning performance of Nile tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus) broodstock reared at different water salinities

Effects of dietary protein level and water salinity on spawning performance of Nile tilapia broodstock and growth of their larvae were studied. Four isocaloric (400 kcal/100 g) diets containing 25%, 30%, 35% and 40% crude protein were prepared. The diets were fed to broodfish (25.7 g) reared at three water salinities (0‰, 7‰ and 14‰) at a female/male ratio of 3:1, to satiation twice a day for 195 days. The size at first maturation increased with increasing dietary protein at all salinities. At 25% and 30% protein levels, broodstock reared at 0‰ reached their sexual maturity at bigger sizes than those reared at 7‰ and 14‰. At 0‰, spawning intervals were not significantly affected by dietary protein levels. At 7‰ and 14‰, spawning intervals significantly decreased with increasing dietary protein level. Spawning frequency and number of eggs per spawn were increased with increasing dietary protein level. The total number of spawnings per female and absolute fecundity were better in fish fed 40% protein in freshwater than at 7‰ and 14‰ salinity. The relationship of dietary protein and water salinity on egg size was significant, but showed irregular patterns. The chemical composition of broodstock muscles, eggs and fry were not significantly affected by dietary protein and water salinity, except for body water and crude protein of broodstock which were significantly affected; but showed irregular trends. At each water salinity, egg hatchability was linearly increased with increasing dietary protein level. Eggs produced from broodstock fed 25% protein at 7‰ and 14‰ needed more time for hatching and yolk-sac absorption and resulted in poorer larval weight than those reared in freshwater. Fry growth was improved with increasing protein level at all salinities. This result revealed that 40% dietary protein is required for optimum spawning performance of Nile tilapia reared at 0‰, 7‰ and 14‰ salinity. It also indicated that spawning performance and larval growth were better in freshwater than at 7‰ and 14‰.     

卤虫卵化学成分的分离与分析

本试验对卤虫卵的化学成分进行分离和分析。卤虫卵的含油量为7．1％，油中不皂化物的含量为4．9％，主要为胆甾醇。脂肪酸中含有较大量的油酸、棕榈酸、棕榈油酸、花生四烯酸和二十碳五烯酸。卤虫卵含蛋白质为20．9％，还含有多种氨基酸。     

Insect‐based diets high in lauric acid reduce liver lipids in freshwater Atlantic salmon

We evaluated the effect of a diet containing insect meal and insect oil on nutrient utilization, tissue fatty acid profile and lipid metabolism of freshwater Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Insect meal and insect oil from black soldier fly larvae (Hermetia illucens, L.; BSF), naturally high in lauric acid (12:0), were used to produce five experimental diets for an eight‐week feeding trial. 85% of the dietary protein was replaced by insect meal and/or all the vegetable oil was replaced by one of two types of insect oil. A typical industrial diet, with protein from fishmeal and soy protein concentrate (50:50) and lipids from fish oil and vegetable oil (33:66), was fed to a control group. The dietary BSF larvae did not modify feed intake or whole body lipid content. Despite the high content of saturated fatty acids in the insect‐based diets, the apparent digestibility coefficients of all fatty acids were high. There was a decrease in liver triacylglycerols of salmon fed the insect‐based diets compared to the fish fed the control diet. This is likely due to the rapid oxidation and low deposition of the medium‐chain fatty acid lauric acid.     

Nutrient and amino acid profiles of egg and larvae of Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch)

Fertilized eggs and developing larvae of hatchery reared Asian seabass, Lates calcarifer (Bloch), were analyzed to determine the changes occurring in their proximate and amino acid (AA) composition. The fertilized dry egg weighed 31 μg and contained 13.71 μg (44%) protein, 8.48 μg (27%) lipid and 0.657 J of gross energy. Dry weight decreased by 39% during hatching. The protein, lipid and carbohydrate nutrients decreased by 4.86, 4.15 and 0.09 μg, respectively from egg to 2-days post hatching (dph) larvae (pre-feeding). The protein content of the spawned eggs and larvae were hydrolysed to AA in the laboratory. The fertilized eggs had a total AA content of 42% of their dry weight. The egg contained 1.287 μg, 1.132 μg, 0.964 μg, 0.942 μg, 0.787 μg and 0.713 μg of leucine, lysine, arginine, valine, threonine and phenylalanine, respectively and these six indispensable amino acids (IAA) constituted approximately 78% of the total IAA. In the early feeding stages of L. calcarifer larvae, the ratio of IAA/DAA increased from 0.797 in the pre-feeding stage to 1.632 after 2 days of feeding. During larval growth of L. calcarifer, the percentage contribution of isoleucine and leucine to total IAA contents increased, while it decreased for lysine, phenyl alanine and arginine. L. calcarifer larvae were found to have proteins, which are rich in glutamic acid, leucine and lysine, and poor in threonine and histidine, suggesting high dietary leucine and lysine IAA requirement. This revised version was published online in July 2006 with corrections to the Cover Date.     

饲料中添加乌贼骨对鸡产蛋性能及蛋品质的影响

选用315只14周龄健康海兰褐蛋鸡,随机分组,研究日粮中添加不同水平乌贼骨对蛋鸡生产性能及蛋品质的影响。结果表明,日粮中添加乌贼骨显著提高产蛋率、单枚蛋重、日均蛋重和蛋壳厚度(P<0.05),实验组平均分别比对照组高13.0%、5.7g、8.4g和0.05mm;实验组的破蛋率和料蛋比显著低于对照(P<0.05),分别降低31.2%和13.7%;添加乌贼骨对改变蛋壳重、蛋黄重和蛋白重效果不明显。综合分析表明,日粮中添加1.5～2.0g乌贼骨对改善蛋鸡(150只)综合产蛋性能效果最佳。     

有效微生物制剂(EM)对建鲤肠道菌群及其蛋白酶和肝胰脏蛋白酶活性的影响

本实验以有效微生物制剂(Effective Microorganisms, 简称EM)作为饲料添加剂饲养建鲤。45d后对建鲤肠道菌群和蛋白酶活性进行研究,结果发现:EM对饲养后的建鲤肠道菌群有明显的改善,实验组乳酸菌比对照组分别增加了125.10％、345.19％和488.50％。大肠杆菌比对照组分别减少了82.01％、92.45％和90.57％,定植效果良好;实验组的肠道蛋白酶活性比对照组高,分别提高6.18％、9.38％和17.70％。添加2％、4％EM的实验组的肝胰脏蛋白酶活性与对照组相近,而添加6％的实验组其肝胰脏蛋白酶活性比对照组提高5.78％,实验组建鲤生长加快,饵料系数比对照组分别降低了1.35％、7.74％和22.90％。