营养调控与PG600配合处理母猪乏情的试验

随着我国养猪业的迅速发展，良种化率不断提高，母猪乏情的比例也在不断地提高。传统的乏情处理方法是通过外源性激素直接干预母猪的内分泌过程，但这一技术存在明显的缺点，首先干扰了母猪正常的内分泌功能，其次是激素的残留对人畜健康造成危害。研究表明，引起母猪的乏情原因很多，如饲养管理不当、营养元素缺乏、气候环境应激、内分泌功能紊乱等，而以营养原因引起的乏情为主要，尤其是与母猪繁殖性能相关的维生素A、维生素E、硒元素等缺乏更多见。因此，单纯使用激素催情效果并不理想，而应该通过对母猪各项生理机能、营养物质平衡等方面进行综合调控，调节母猪的内分泌机能，与外源性激素进行配合，综合处理母猪乏情。现将利用营养调控与PG600配合的方法处理母猪乏情的试验过程及结果报道如下。     

PG600对乏情母猪的治疗效果

胜利油田核心商品猪场现存栏母猪 2 2 0头 ,其中纯种母猪5 0头 ,二元母猪 170头。由于品种老化 ,从 1997年开始从北京某种猪场引进优良品种大白、长白、杜洛克等进行三元杂交改良。在生产中 ,新引进品种和二元杂交母猪的乏情率高达3 0 % ,虽然先后数次应用中药合剂、三合激素 促排等方法进行治疗 ,但收效果不佳。 2 0 0 0年初 ,我们开始用ＰＧ60 0 (荷兰英特威国际有限公司生产 ) ,每剂含ＰＭＳＧ 40 0Ｕ、ＨＣＧ 2 0 0Ｕ治疗。选 8～ 10月龄初产和断奶后 5～ 10ｄ未发情纯种及二元母猪 60头 ,分别注射ＰＧ60 0 1个剂量 ,注射后 3～ 6ｄ母…     

应用PG600治疗后备母猪乏情的效果观察

肇东市某猪场始建于2008年4月，当年9月份选购二元后备母猪100头，10月份又选购100头。所选购二元后备母猪均达到6～7月龄，体重为110～120kg。由于猪场初建，技术和管理水平低，有30％多的母猪经长时间饲养不发情，虽采取加强管理、调整饲料、改善营养水平等措施，仍然没有太大改善。     

PMSG与PG联合用药治疗产后母猪乏情的研究

孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)和前列腺素(PG)是治疗母猪产后乏情的常用药物。本试验研究了PMSG和PG联合用药诱导母猪发情的效果。试验结果显示:PMSG单独用药的诱导发情率为35%,PG单独用药的诱导发情率为25%,而PMSG和PG联合用药的诱导发情率为70%,显著高于单独用药(P0.05)。     

母猪PG600诱情配种

PG600由600国际单位的PMSG(孕马血清促性腺激素)和400国际单位的hCG(人绒毛膜促性腺激素)组成,两种激素协同作用可诱导卵巢处于静止状态的乏情期后备母猪、正常断奶母猪恢复正常发情周期,使其能够正常配种产仔。而且PG600能够促进排卵,具有一定的超数排卵效果,能显著地提高母猪的窝产仔数。从2000年3月起,我场在部分经产母猪和后备母猪中应用PG600进行诱情配种,提高了配种受胎率和胎产仔数,从而提高整个猪群的繁殖能力,获得较大的生产经济效益。对未发情的后备母猪,经PG600处理后3～7天发情率达到93.10%,平均窝产仔数9.6头;而没用药的…     

乏情后备母猪药物处理试验

对８２头长大、大长９～１０个月龄一直未能发情的后备母猪进行了药物处理,以三合激素连续处理４天和以中药促情芨连喂３天后立即注射氯前列烯醇２次（上下午各１次）,处理后５天内观察发情表现。结果,三合激素组母猪发情率为４５．０％（１８／４０）,配种后４６天不返经为５．５６％（１／１８）;促情散加氯前列烯醇组发情率为９７．６２％（４１／４２）,配种后４６天不返经为９７．５６％（４０／４１）。４１头母猪平均产     

PG600诱情配种在养猪生产中的应用

在集约化养猪企业中,经产母猪、后备母猪不发情或发情不明显的现象普遍存在,它已成为制约养猪企业发展的难题之一,因为母猪无论是否正常妊娠分娩,其饲养成本几乎相等。从另一个角度来说,母猪产仔的多少直接与猪场的生产效益有关,因此提高母猪的发情配种比例是提高猪场经营效益的重要措施。经产母猪、后备母猪不发情的原因主要有卵巢静止、持久黄体、子宫炎等。从2000年3月起,我场在部分经产母猪和后备母猪中应用PG 600进行诱情配种,以期提高配种受胎率和胎产仔数,从而提高整个猪群的繁殖能力,获取较大的生产经营效益。现将我场应用PG 600的结果报告如下。     

母猪乏情的现象、原因及对策

在养猪生产中。母猪乏情是一个常见问题。在管理水平中等的种猪场。有5％～15％青年母猪达到性成熟和体成熟年龄仍未发情，约有10％母猪断奶后乏情；有些个体农户饲养的瘦肉型母猪因乏情不能正常繁殖的达50％以上。使这些乏情母猪发情、配种并受胎。对提高母猪的经济效益意义极大。     

不同外源激素处理乏情母猪效果对比试验

选取胎次相近的长大乏情母猪120头,随机分为4组,每组30头,在断奶后20天各组分别注射氯前列烯醇、孕马血清促性腺激素（PMSG）、 PG600和律胎素。结果表明,考察的5个指标中,律胎素处理组母猪有4个指标即发情率、受胎率、有效率和产仔数高于其他三个处理组,但平均发情间隔时间较长。 PG600除了受胎率外,其余各个指标均高于PMSG 和氯前列烯醇处理组,但受胎率与其他各组差异不明显。可见,针对本试验猪场的乏情母猪,律胎素和 PG600是较理想的外源催情激素。     

韭菜巧治母猪乏情

笔者根据多年的基层实践经验，用以下两方治疗乏情母猪145例，其中治愈138例，治愈率达95．2％，效果较好，现介绍如下     

Nutritionally-induced anestrus in gilts: metabolic and endocrine changes associated with cessation and resumption of estrous cycles

Two experiments determined how feed restriction and realimentation altered metabolism and ovarian function in gilts. In Exp. 1, cyclic (INTACT-R, n=6) and ovariectomized (OVEX-R, n=6) gilts were fed restricted diets (.23 kg feed.d-1) or ovariectomized (OVEX-C, n=6) gilts were fed control diets (1.81 kg.d-1). Estrous cycles stopped after 46 +/- 9 d of feed restriction. Average weight (WT), backfat thickness (BF) and concentrations of insulin (INS) were lower and free fatty acids (FFA) were greater in OVEX-R than in OVEX-C gilts. Frequency of luteinizing hormone (LH) release (peaks.6 h-1) was reduced by feed restriction (.2 +/- .2, 1.8 +/- 1.0 and 5.8 +/- .2 in INTACT-R, OVEX-R and OVEX-C gilts, respectively). Patterns of secretion of LH and follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) after gonadotropin releasing hormone (GnRH) or estradiol benzoate were not altered by feed restriction. Feed intake was then increased in INTACT-R and OVEX-R gilts beginning on d 80 and 82, respectively. Resumption of estrous cycles in INTACT-R gilts occurred on d 116.0 +/- 4.0 and was preceded by a significant increase in WT, but not BF, and a linear increase in concentration and frequency of release of LH. Increasing feed intake in OVEX-R gilts increased WT and frequency of LH release, while FFA decreased and INS increased to concentrations not different from those of OVEX-C gilts. The hypothesis that nutritionally-induced anestrus resulted from decreased activity of the hypothalamic pulse-generator was evaluated in Exp. 2 by providing 144 hourly pulses (iv) of saline (n=3), GnRH (n=3) or LH (n=4) to nutritionally-anestrous gilts.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

猪肉氧化与营养调控

<正>猪肉是人类食物中蛋白质和脂肪的主要来源。据综合统计数据显示,世界各国猪肉产量和需求量都在上升,猪肉消费总量将显著增加。然而人们通过各种手段使得猪肉产量大幅度提高的同时,猪肉品质却在不断下降,给养猪业、肉类食品加工业、批发和零售商     

Effect of hCG on Early Luteal Serum Progesterone Concentrations in PG600‐Treated Gilts

Gilt oestrus and ovulation responses to injection of a combination of equine chorionic gonadotrophin (eCG) and human chorionic gonadotrophin (hCG) (PG600) can be unpredictable, possibly reflecting inadequate circulating LH activity. The objective of this study was to determine the effect of PG600 followed by supplemental hCG on gilt ovarian responses. In experiment 1, 212 Hypor gilts (160 day of age) housed on two farms in Spain received intramuscular (i.m.) injections of PG600 (n = 47), or PG600 with an additional 200 IU hCG injected either concurrently (hCG‐0; n = 39), or at 24 h (hCG‐24; n = 41) or 48 h (hCG‐48; n = 45) after PG600. A further 40 gilts served as non‐injected controls. Ovulation responses were determined on the basis of initial blood progesterone concentrations being <1 ng/ml and achieving >5 ng / ml 10 d after the PG600 injection. The incidence of ovulating gilts having progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were recorded. During the study period, 10% of control gilts ovulated whereas 85–100% of hormone‐treated gilts ovulated. There were no significant differences among hormone groups for proportions of gilts ovulating. The proportions of gilts having circulating progesterone concentrations >30 ng/ml were increased (p ≤ 0.02) in all hCG treated groups compared with the PG600 group. In experiment 2, a total of 76 Hypor gilts at either 150 or 200 days of age were injected with PG600 (n = 18), 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 20), PG600 followed by 100 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 17), or 400 IU eCG followed by 300 IU hCG 24 h later (n = 21). Blood samples were obtained 10 days later for progesterone assay. There were no effects of treatment or age on incidence of ovulation, but fewer 150‐day‐old gilts treated with PG600 or 400 IU eCG followed by 200 IU hCG had progesterone concentrations >30 ng / ml. We conclude that hCG treatment subsequent to PG600 treatment will generate a higher circulating progesterone concentration, although the effect is not evident in older, presumably peripubertal, gilts. The mechanism involved and implications for fertility remain to be determined.     

营养调控因素对猪肉品质的影响

本文从能量、蛋白质与氨基酸、脂肪和脂肪酸、维生素、矿物质元素及添加剂等几个方面对猪肉品质营养调控的研究进展进行了综述.     

通过营养调控提高蛋壳质量

家禽的品种、疾病、饲养的环境温度、不同的生理阶段以及饲料中各种营养物质的含量都能影响蛋壳的质量。本文主要从营养调控的角度较为全面地介绍了改善与提高蛋壳质量的具体方法。     

营养调控改善鸡蛋品质的研究进展

本文对目前通过营养调控的方式改善鸡蛋品质的相关技术进行了综述。     

鸡肉品质营养调控的研究进展

<正>近年来,随着社会经济的快速发展,人民生活水平日益提高,消费者对鸡肉品质提出更高要求,不仅要求安全卫生、营养价值高,而且还要求肉质和风味