共查询到20条相似文献,搜索用时 15 毫秒
1.
Marcelo Andrade Yosuke Abe Kenji S. Nakahara Ichiro Uyeda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2009,75(3):241-249
The same mutant allele of eukaryotic initiation factor 4E (eIF4E) that confers resistance to Pea seed-borne mosaic virus (sbm-1) and the white lupine strain of Bean yellow mosaic virus (wlv) also confers resistance to Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV) in pea. The eIF4E genes from several pea lines were isolated and sequenced. Analysis of the eIF4E amino acid sequences from several resistant
lines revealed that some lines, including PI 378159, have the same sequence as reported for sbm-1 and wlv. When eIF4E from a susceptible pea line was expressed from a ClYVV vector after mechanical inoculation of resistant PI 378159, the virus
caused systemic infection, similar to its effects in susceptible line PI 250438. The resistance to ClYVV in line PI 378159
was characterized through a cross with PI 193835, which reportedly carries cyv-2. Mechanical inoculation of the F1 progeny with ClYVV resulted in no infection, indicating that the resistance gene in PI
378159 is identical to cyv-2 in PI 193835. Furthermore, particle bombardment of pea line PI 193835 with infectious cDNA of ClYVV (pClYVV/C3-S65T) resulted
in the same resistance mode as that described for PI 378159. These results demonstrate that the resistance to ClYVV conferred
by cyv-2 is mediated by eIF4E and that cyv-2 is identical to sbm-1 and wlv. 相似文献
2.
Sun Hee Choi Kenji S. Nakahara Marcelo Andrade Ichiro Uyeda 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2012,78(4):269-276
Two recessive resistance genes against Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), cyv1 and cyv2, have been previously reported. We recently screened resistant peas from a separate set of pea lines and classified them into two groups according to their distinct modes of resistance. We later revealed that one group carries cyv2, encoding eukaryotic translation initiation factor 4E (eIF4E), in linkage group (LG) VI. We explored the possibility that the resistance gene, tentatively designated non-cyv2, that confers resistance to the other group, was actually cyv1. We found that PI 236493, which carries cyv1, had restricted cell-to-cell movement of ClYVV similar to that in non-cyv2 peas including PI 429853. PI 429853 was crossed with susceptible line PI 250438. Mapping of F2 progeny revealed that non-cyv2 was 4?cM from the simple sequence repeat marker AB40, whose loci are close to cyv1, mo, and sbm-2 mapped in LG II, which mediates resistance to other potyviruses. Moreover, PI 429853 crossed with PI 236493 produced F1 progeny resistant to ClYVV, raising the possibility that non-cyv2 is allelic to cyv1. Because mo was previously mapped with eIF(iso)4E in LG II, we examined the possibility that non-cyv2, cyv1, and mo encoded eIF(iso)4E. However, there was no difference in the nucleotide sequence of the eIF(iso)4E-coding region between susceptible and resistant pea lines. The eIF(iso)4E gene was equivalently expressed in both PI 429853 and PI 250438 before and after ClYVV infection. Our results suggest that these resistance genes are unlikely to encode eIF(iso)4E on LG II. 相似文献
3.
Eliana B. Rivas Ligia M.L. Duarte M. Amélia V. Alexandre Flora M.C. Fernandes Ricardo Harakava César M. Chagas 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2005,71(6):438-440
Badnavirus in Bougainvillea spectabilis showing virus-like symptoms was identified by the presence of bacilliform particles, measuring 125–130 × 30–40 nm in leaf-dip
preparations and by analysis of its putative open reading frame 3 sequence. The virus, tentatively named Bougainvillea bacilliform
virus (BBV), had the highest identities (up to 60%) with Spiraea yellow leaf spot virus, Gooseberry vein banding associated
virus, Taro bacilliform virus, and Citrus yellow mosaic virus. In phylogenetic analysis, BBV clustered with Badnavirus putative species. Attempts to transmit the virus to several hosts failed. This is the first report of a new Badnavirus detected in Bougainvillea. 相似文献
4.
Friederike Pferdmenges Mark Varrelmann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(2):231-245
Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) is transmitted by Polymyxa betae to sugar beet, causing rhizomania disease. Resistance-breaking strains of BNYVV, overcoming single (Rz1) or double (e.g. Rz1
+
Rz2) major resistance genes in sugar beet have been observed in France and recently in the USA and Spain. To demonstrate if resistance-breaking
is dependent on inoculum density, the inoculum concentration of BNYVV and P. betae in soil samples where resistance-breaking had been observed was estimated using the most probable number (MPN) method. The
MPN-values obtained displayed highly significant differences with respect to the virus concentration in various soils and
did not correlate with the ability to overcome resistance. Virus quantification in susceptible plants demonstrated that soils
containing resistance-breaking isolates of BNYVV did not produce higher virus concentrations. The MPN assay was repeated with
Rz1
+
Rz2 partially-resistant sugar beets to see if the resistance-breaking is concentration-dependent. There was no correlation between
soil dilution and increased virus concentration in Rz1
+
Rz2 plants produced by BNYVV resistance-breaking strains. Determination of the absolute P. betae concentration by ELISA demonstrated that all resistance-breaking soil samples contained elevated concentrations. However,
the calculation of the proportion of viruliferous P. betae did not show a positive correlation with the resistance-breaking ability. Finally resistance-breaking was studied with susceptible,
Rz1 and Rz1
+ Rz2 genotypes and standardised rhizomania inoculum added to sterilised soil. Results from these experiments supported the
conclusion that resistance-breaking did not correlate with virus concentration or level of viruliferous P. betae in the soil. 相似文献
5.
Shin-ichi Fuji Nanae Mochizuki Masashi Fujinaga Makoto Ikeda Kouichi Shinoda Seiji Uematsu Hiromitsu Furuya Hideki Naito Fumiyoshi Fukumoto 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2007,73(3):216-221
Alstroemeria plants were surveyed for viruses in Japan from 2002 to 2004. Seventy-two Alstroemeria plants were collected from Aichi, Nagano, and Hokkaido prefectures and 54.2% were infected with some species of virus. The
predominant virus was Alstroemeria mosaic virus, followed by Tomato spotted wilt virus, Youcai mosaic virus (YoMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Alstroemeria virus X and Broad bean wilt virus-2 (BBWV-2). On the basis of nucleotide sequence of the coat protein genes, all four CMV isolates belong to subgroup IA. CMV
isolates induced mosaic and/or necrosis on Alstroemeria. YoMV and BBWV-2 were newly identified by traits such as host range, particle morphology, and nucleotide sequence as viruses
infecting Alstroemeria. A BBWV-2 isolate also induced mosaic symptoms on Alstroemeria seedlings. 相似文献
6.
Djabbar Hariri Michel Meyer 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2007,118(1):1-10
In April 2001, stunted barley plants bearing mosaic symptoms were observed in a field in France (Marne Department, 51). Rod-shaped
and flexuous particles were visualized by electron microscopy and positive serological reactions were detected by ELISA with
Barley yellow mosaic virus (BaYMV) and Soil-borne cereal mosaic virus (SBCMV) polyclonal antisera. The tubular virus which was soil transmissible to barley cv. Esterel was separated from BaYMV
by serial mechanical inoculations to barley cv. Esterel. This furo-like virus, in contrast to a French isolate of SBCMV, could
be transmitted to Hordeum vulgare, Avena sativa, Beta vulgaris and Datura stramonium. RT-PCR was used to amplify the 3′-terminal 1500 nucleotides of RNA1 and the almost complete sequence of RNA2. Nucleotide
and amino acid sequence analyses revealed that the French virus infecting barley is closely related to a Japanese isolate
of Soil-borne wheat mosaic virus (SBWMV-JT) which was originally isolated from barley. This French isolate was named SBWMV-Mar. The 3′ UTRs of both RNAs can
be folded into tRNA-like structures which are preceded by a predicted upstream pseudoknot domain with seven and four pseudoknots
for RNA1 and RNA2, respectively. The four pseudoknots strongly conserved in RNAs 1 and 2 of SBWMV-Mar show strong similarities
to those described earlier in SBWMV RNA2 and were also found in the 3′ UTR of Oat golden stripe virus RNAs 1 and 2 and Chinese wheat mosaic virus RNA2. Sequence analyses revealed that the RNAs 2 of SBWMV-Mar and -JT are likely
to be the product of a recombination event between the 3′ UTRs of the RNAs 2 of SBWMV and SBCMV. This is the first report
of the occurrence of an isolate closely related to SBWMV-JT outside of Japan. 相似文献
7.
O. O. Odedara J. d’A. Hughes A. C. Odebode B. O. Odu 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):322-325
Leaf samples of Lablab purpureus collected from two agroecological zones of Nigeria—the northern guinea savanna zone (NGSZ) and the derived savanna zone (DSZ)—were
infected with viruses when serologically indexed against available antisera. Approximately 31.1 and 81.1% of the leaf samples
collected from the NGSZ and DSZ, respectively, were infected. Seven viruses were found: Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV), Cowpea aphid-borne mosaic virus (CABMV), Cucumber mosaic virus (CMV), Cowpea mottle virus (CPMoV), Cowpea severe mosaic virus (CPSMV), Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) and Tobacco mosaic virus (TMV) were detected from samples collected from NGSZ, while CMV, CPMoV, Cowpea mosaic virus (CPMV) and CPSMV were detected from samples from DSZ. 相似文献
8.
Ivan Lozano Francisco Morales 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(4):673-680
The complete nucleotide sequences of RNAs 1 and 2 of Rice stripe necrosis virus (RSNV) were determined and compared to the corresponding genomes of all sequenced, rod-shaped plant viruses. The genome organisation
of RSNV RNA1 and RNA2 is nearly identical to that of Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV) and Beet soil-borne mosaic virus (BSBMV), definitive species of the genus Benyvirus. As demonstrated for BNYVV and BSBMV, the RNA1 of RSNV also encodes a single ORF with putative replicase-associated motifs,
which distinguishes benyviruses from all other viruses possessing rod-shaped particles. As described for BNYVV, RNSV RNA-2
also contains six ORFs: the capsid protein gene, the read-through protein gene, a triple gene block gene that codes for three
different proteins, and a 17 kDa cysteine-rich protein. RNAs 3 and 4 (or 5 in the case of BNYVV), identified in natural infections
of BNYVV and BSBMV, were not detected in any of the 44 RSNV cDNA clones obtained in this investigation. Nevertheless, phylogenetic
and amino comparative acid sequence analyses demonstrated that RSNV is more closely related to BNYVV and BSBMV than to any
other rod-shaped plant virus characterised to date. 相似文献
9.
<Emphasis Type="Italic">Turnip yellow mosaic virus</Emphasis> isolated from Chinese cabbage in Japan
Namiko Kirino Koji Inoue Koji Tanina Yuya Yamazaki Satoshi T. Ohki 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2008,74(4):331-334
A virus that caused a distinct yellow mosaic was isolated in Okayama, Japan from Chinese cabbage (Brassica rapa L., Pekinensis group). The virus, with spherical particles ca. 28 nm in diameter, was mechanically transmissible only to
cruciferous species. From the host range, characteristic morphology of virus particles, serology and sequence analysis of
coat protein gene, the causal virus was identified as Turnip yellow mosaic virus (TYMV). Seed transmission of TYMV at 0–2.2% in Chinese cabbage was confirmed. This report is the first of TYMV from Chinese
cabbage and in Japan.
The nucleotide sequence data reported are available in the DDBJ/EMBL/GenBank databases as accessions AB358971 and AB358972. 相似文献
10.
Barley yellow dwarf disease is one of the most important problems confronting cereal production in Iran. Barley yellow dwarf virus-PAV (BYDV-PAV) and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPV (CYDV-RPV) are the predominant viruses associated with the disease. One isolate of BYDV-PAV from wheat (PAV-IR) and one
isolate of CYDV-RPV from barley (RPV-IR) were selected for molecular characterisations. A genome segment of each isolate was
amplified by PCR. The PAV-IR fragment (1264 nt) covered a region containing partial genes for coat protein (CP), read through
protein (RTP) and movement protein (MP). PAV-IR showed a high sequence identity to PAV isolates from USA, France and Japan
(96–97%). In a phylogenetic analysis it was placed into PAV group I together with PAV isolates from barley and oats. The fragment
of RPV-IR (719 nt) contained partial genes for CP, RTP and MP. The sequence information confirmed its identity as CYDV. However,
RPV-IR showed 90–91% identity with both RPV and Cereal yellow dwarf virus-RPS (CYDV-RPS). Phylogenetic analyses suggested that it was more closely related to RPS. These data comprise the first attempt
to characterise BYD-causing viruses in Iran and southwest Asia.
The nucleotide sequence data reported appear in the EMBL, GenBank and DDBJ Nucleotide Sequence Databases under the accession
numbers AY450425 and AY450454 相似文献
11.
L. Bos K. Lindsten D. Z. Maat 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》1977,83(3):97-108
There still is confusion concerning the relationships between clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV), pea necrosis virus (PNV) and bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV). Therefore, three Swedish isolates of ClYVV and its type strain have now been compared with three isolates of PNV. A bean mosaic isolate and three pea necrosis isolates of BYMV have been used for reference. Based on host range tests, serology, and light microscope studies of inclusion bodies, ClYVV and PNV isolates are now considered to be strains of one virus, with the first name having priority. ClYVV (including the original PNV) especially differs from BYMV in its ability to infect white clover, to produce local lesions on cucumber cotyledons (at least two cultivars), to go systemic inChenopodium quinoa (the two local selections used at Wageningen and at Uppsala), to be rather virulent onNicotiana clevelandii, and to provoke extensive nucleolar enlargements in its host cells. Serologically the two viruses are more or less distinct. 相似文献
12.
You-Xiu Zheng Ching-Chung Chen Yuh-Kun Chen Fuh-Jyh Jan 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,121(1):87-95
A putative virus-induced disease showing chlorotic spots on leaves of Phalaenopsis orchids was observed in central Taiwan. A virus culture, phalaenopsis isolate 7-2, was isolated from a diseased Phalaenopsis orchid and established in Chenopodium quinoa and Nicotiana benthamiana. The virus reacted with the monoclonal antibody (POTY) against the potyvirus group. Potyvirus-like long flexuous filament
particles around 12–15 × 750–800 nm were observed in the crude sap and purified virus preparations, and pinwheel inclusion
bodies were observed in the infected cells. The conserved region of the viral RNA was amplified using the degenerate primers
for the potyviruses and sequence analysis of the virus isolate 7-2 showed 56.6–63.1% nucleotide and 44.8–65.1% amino acid
identities with those of Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV), Beet mosaic virus (BtMV), Turnip mosaic virus (TuMV) and Bean common mosaic virus (BCMV). The coat protein (CP) gene of isolate 7-2 was amplified, sequenced and found to have 280 amino acids. A homology
search in GenBank indicated that the virus is a potyvirus but no highly homologous sequence was found. The virus was designated
as Phalaenopsis chlorotic spot virus (PhCSV) in early 2006. Subsequently, a potyvirus, named Basella rugose mosaic virus isolated
from malabar spinach was reported in December 2006. It was found to share 96.8% amino acid identity with the CP of PhCSV.
Back-inoculation with the isolated virus was conducted to confirm that PhCSV is the causal agent of chlorotic spot disease
of Phalaenopsis orchids in Taiwan. This is the first report of a potyvirus causing a disease on Phalaenopsis orchids. 相似文献
13.
Friederike Pferdmenges Helmut Korf Mark Varrelmann 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):31-43
Rhizomania, caused by Beet necrotic yellow vein virus (BNYVV), is vectored by Polymyxa betae. The disease can only be controlled by growing partially resistant sugar beets, which quantitatively reduce virus replication
and spread. None of the known major resistance genes (Rz1, Rz2, Rz3), alone or in combination, are able to prevent BNYVV infection entirely. Here we report for the first time the identification
of a Spanish soil, containing an A-type BNYVV with RNA 1-4, displaying Rz1 resistance-breaking abilities comparable to soils from the USA and to those from France containing the French (Pithiviers)
P-type BNYVV with RNA 5. A resistance test with several soil samples vs. different sugar beet cultivars was conducted under
standardised conditions. Sugar beets were analysed after 12 weeks of greenhouse cultivation for taproot weight, BNYVV and
relative P. betae content. The soil samples from Spain, France and the USA produced high virus contents and strong rhizomania symptoms in Rz1 plants, indicative of resistance-breaking abilities. In addition, all resistance-breaking soil samples produced detectable
virus concentrations in plant lateral roots of the Rz1 + Rz2 cultivar, and plants grown in the Spanish soil sample also had reduced taproot weight and displayed severe rhizomania disease
symptoms. Additionally, the main pathogenicity factor P25, responsible for the formation of BNYVV symptoms, showed high sequence
variability in the amino acid tetrad at position 67–70. The results suggest the geographically independent selection of BNYVV
resistance-breaking isolates following the uniform cultivation of Rz1-containing sugar beet cultivars. 相似文献
14.
Leandro A. Mozzoni Pengyin Chen Rose C. Gergerich 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(1):133-140
Accessions from Glycine, Phaseolus, and Vigna genera were screened for their reactions to different subgroups of isolates of Bean pod mottle virus (BPMV) in order to establish a differential host system. Screening results indicated that the BPMV isolates differed in pathogenic
aggressiveness but not in virulence. No major resistance genes were found in soybean (Glycine max) or G. soja since all screened accessions showed mosaic or necrotic symptoms to BPMV inoculation. However, these accessions expressed
differences in severity of symptoms when challenged by various BPMV isolates. The inoculation of G. tomentella accessions did not result in mosaic symptoms, and some accessions did not support systemic infection of some of the isolates.
Resistance, presented as a hypersensitive reaction, was observed in some of Phaseolus and Vigna genotypes, and resistant response or susceptibility was stable to all the isolates used in the screening. In conclusion,
the selected G. soja genotypes PI 407019, PI 464889A, and PI 464928, and ‘Amsoy 71’ soybean may help to separate severe (reassortant) from mild
isolates of BPMV based upon their phenotypic reactions. 相似文献
15.
Hiroyuki UGA Yuki O. KOBAYASHI Kyoji HAGIWARA Yohachiro HONDA Toshihiro OMURA Takahide SASAYA 《Journal of General Plant Pathology》2002,68(4):378-381
The causative virus (isolate No. 4) of gentian (Gentiana spp.) mosaic, which had been identified previously as Clover yellow vein virus (C1YVV) on the basis of host range and serological reactions, was re-identified as Bean yellow mosaic virus (BYMV) on the basis of the nucleotide sequences of the gene for the coat protein (CP) and the 3′-noncoding region, as well
as the predicted amino acid sequence of CP.
Received 16 April 2002/ Accepted in revised form 19 June 2002 相似文献
16.
17.
R. L. Lamprecht G. Pietersen G. G. F. Kasdorf L. H. Nel 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,123(1):105-110
A previously uncharacterised plant rhabdovirus, infecting Bermuda grass (Cynodon dactylon) in the North West Province, South Africa, has been found. To determine the morphology and virion size of this virus, embedded
ultra-thin sections of infected plant samples were observed under a transmission electron microscope. The virion distribution
within the cell, its bullet-shaped morphology and its size (240 × 63 nm) indicated that this might be a rhabdovirus of the
genus Nucleorhabdovirus. Degenerate polymerase chain reaction (PCR) primers were designed by alignment of the polymerase gene sequences of several
plant rhabdoviruses in order to identify conserved regions. Standard PCR and sequencing protocols were used to determine a
partial polymerase gene sequence of this virus sample which was then compared to the most closely related sequences available
on Genbank. The analysis indicated that the virus was indeed most closely related to known nucleorhabdoviruses, with the highest
nucleotide sequence similarities being to Maize mosaic virus and Taro vein chlorosis virus (70% and 69.7% respectively). Serological testing indicated that the South African Cynodon rhabdovirus had a close serological relationship with the nucleorhabdovirus Cynodon chlorotic streak virus. 相似文献
18.
ABSTRACT This study characterized resistance in pea lines PI 347295 and PI 378159 to Clover yellow vein virus (ClYVV). Genetic cross experiments showed that a single recessive gene controls resistance in both lines. Conventional mechanical inoculation did not result in infection; however, particle bombardment with infectious plasmid or mechanical inoculation with concentrated viral inocula did cause infection. When ClYVV No. 30 isolate was tagged with a green fluorescent protein (GFP) and used to monitor infection, viral cell-to-cell movement differed in the two pea lines. In PI 347595, ClYVV replicated at a single-cell level, but did not move to neighboring cells, indicating that resistance operated at a cell-to-cell step. In PI 378159, the virus moved to cells around the infection site and reached the leaf veins, but viral movement was slower than that in the susceptible line. The viruses observed around the infection sites and in the veins were then recovered and inoculated again by a conventional mechanical inoculation method onto PI 378159 demonstrating that ClYVV probably had mutated and newly emerged mutant viruses can move to neighboring cells and systemically infect the plants. Tagging the virus with GFP was an efficient tool for characterizing resistance modes. Implications of the two resistance modes are discussed. 相似文献
19.
Eduardo Segundo María P. Carmona Elisa Sáez Leonardo Velasco Germán Martín Leticia Ruiz Dirk Janssen Isabel M. Cuadrado 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2008,122(4):579-591
A study was conducted to determine the identity and prevalence of viruses in 455 greenhouses in the main Spanish green bean
growing area. Directed surveys were conducted in 422 crops from 2000–2004 to collect samples from diseased plants displaying
symptoms that could be attributed to viruses. The samples were analysed to detect any virus by means of dsRNA extraction,
mechanical inoculation to test plants, as well as ELISA and/or RT-PCR tests to detect potyviruses, geminiviruses and viruses
previously known to infect beans in Spain. Random surveys were conducted in the years 2002 and 2005 (in 21 and 12 greenhouses,
respectively) to study the actual incidence of known viruses in the area. Symptoms were recorded in 23,108 plants from which
664 plants were collected and analysed by ELISA or RT-PCR. The results of the directed surveys showed that all the analyzed
crops carried the cryptic virus Phaseolus vulgaris endornavirus (PVuV), whereas phytopathogenic viruses appeared in smaller percentages of the crops: Tomato yellow leaf curl virus (TYLCV) 20.4%, Southern bean mosaic virus (SBMV) 9.0%, Tomato spotted wilt virus (TSWV) 4.0%, and the new species Bean yellow disorder virus (BnYDV) that broke out in 2004 with occurrence values higher than 34.3% that year. From 2000–2004 an important decrease in
TYLCV was observed, along with a slight increase in SBMV and a consistently low occurrence of TSWV. The results of the random
surveys confirmed the increased occurrence of virus detected during the directed surveys, and furthermore demonstrated the
percentage of incidence for each virus. 相似文献
20.
Ramesh R. Chavan Michael N. Pearson Dan Cohen 《European journal of plant pathology / European Foundation for Plant Pathology》2009,124(2):247-259
Actinidia chinensis and A. deliciosa plants from China, showing a range of symptoms, including vein clearing, interveinal mottling, mosaics and chlorotic ring
spots, were found to contain ~300 nm rod-shaped virus particles. The virus was mechanically transmitted to several herbaceous
indicators causing systemic infections in Nicotiana benthamiana, N. clevelandii, and N. occidentalis, and local lesions in Chenopodium quinoa. Systemically- infected leaves reacted with a Tobacco mosaic virus polyclonal antibody in indirect ELISA. PCR using generic and specific Tobamovirus primers produced a 1,526 bp sequence spanning the coat protein (CP), movement protein (MP), and partial RNA replicase genes
which showed a maximum nucleotide identity (88%) with Turnip vein clearing virus and Penstemon ringspot virus. However, when the CP sequence alone was considered the highest CP sequence identity (96% nt and 98% aa) was to Ribgrass mosaic virus strain Kons 1105. The morphological, transmission, serological and molecular properties indicate that the virus is a member
of subgroup 3 of the genus Tobamovirus. 相似文献