Oestrus ovis larval myiasis among goats in northern Jordan

From December 1998 to December 1999, heads of 520 local goats slaughtered at the Irbid, Ramtha and Howarra Abattoirs (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L(1)-L(3)) of Oestrus ovis. Of 520 heads, 126 (24%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. All three larval instars were observed in both sexes; all age groups were infested in each month of the year. The mean age of the goats sampled was 1.5 years. The numbers of parasites infesting hosts showed a significant (P<0.05) correlation with sheep age (r(sp)=0.31-0.42) for all three larval instars. The numbers of larvae in each host followed an overdispersed distribution, which fit a negative-binomial model (but not a Poisson distribution). There were more parasites recorded in the presence of purulent discharge or laryngitis, fewer in the presence of catarrhal discharge and no association with pharyngitis sinusitis, or rhinitis.     

Prevalence of hydatidosis among donkeys in northern Jordan

One hundred and thirty donkeys (Equus asinus), aged between 5 months and 14 years of age, from the Irbid Governorate in northern Jordan were necropsied between November 1997-May 1999. Of these animals, 16.9% had hydatid cysts in either their lungs and/or livers. No donkeys of 3 years of age or less were infected, where as 33.3% (22 of 66) aged 4 years or greater were infected. Intensity of infection increased with age in a linear fashion. The prevalence also increased with age approaching an asymptotic prevalence of 1 in the oldest animals. This implied there was minimal regulation of the parasite population by intermediate host immunity. The numbers of cysts in the donkeys were increasing at a rate of 0.48 cysts per year from 0.054 infections. The frequency distribution was highly aggregated, consistent with a negative binomial distribution indicating infection of donkeys was not random.     

Field efficacy of minidosed pour-on ivermectin and eprinomectin against goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus

The efficacy of minidose of pour-on ivermectin and eprinomectin formulations against first instar larvae of Przhevalskiana silenus was observed in naturally infested goats in the Jammu region, North India. The study was performed in mid August 2011. A total of 280 goats were randomly divided in to 7 groups of 40 each. Goats of the first three groups were treated with pour-on ivermectin at dosage of 2, 5, and 200 μg/kg body weight, respectively, whereas animals of the fourth to sixth groups were treated with pour-on eprinomectin at 25, 50, and 500 μg/kg body weight, respectively. Group VII animals were kept as untreated control. The results indicated that no warbles were recorded between December 2011 and March 2012 on back of animals treated with pour-on preparations of ivermectin at dosage of 5 and 200 μg/kg body weight, respectively, and eprinomectin at dosage of 50 and 500 μg/kg body weight, respectively. Thus, it is concluded that administration of minidose of pour-on ivermectin (5 μg/kg body weight) and eprinomectin (50 μg/kg body weight) is cost effective and so can be used for warble fly control campaign in Jammu region.     

Serodiagnosis of goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus with a commercial ELISA kit.

Cross-reactivity between Hypoderma lineatum antigen and anti-Przhevalskiana silenus antibodies has been demonstrated by an ELISA technique. To evaluate the applicability of a commercial ELISA kit for the immunodiagnosis of goat warble fly infestation, different dilutions of serum and conjugate were tested, the development of antibody to P silenus in naturally infested goats was studied, and the results were compared with an ELISA technique using an antigen extracted from the first instar larvae of H lineatum. The best results were obtained with a serum dilution of 1:50; with both techniques the highest antibody concentration were recorded in October, November and December. In view of the confirmed cross-reactivity between H lineatum antigen and anti-P silenus antibodies, and the simplicity and rapidity of the assay, the commercial ELISA kit can be considered as a useful tool for the diagnosis of goat warble fly infestation.     

Further evidence on the internal life cycle of Przhevalskiana silenus (Diptera, Oestridae)

Knowledge of the internal life cycle of goat warble fly infestation is scarce despite ample data available on the aetiology, epidemiology, immunodiagnosis and treatment of such infestations. This study was carried out at the slaughterhouse of Rossano Calabro (Cosenza, southern Italy) on 154 animals from 10 months to 6 years of age from May 1997 to June 1998. 1206 Przhevalskiana silenus larvae were collected during the trial period from the subcutaneous tissue of the slaughtered animals. The larval stage average size ranged from 4.7 mm, for first instar larvae (May), to 16.6 mm, for third instar larvae (February), in the first cycle of infestation. No larvae were found in March-April, coinciding with the pupation period. Small first instar larvae were found at the beginning of the second cycle of infestation (May-June). Necroscopic examinations were also carried out on internal organs and no larvae were found. The results pointed out that the internal life cycle of P. silenus is exclusively subcutaneous and there is no internal migration of the larvae.     

Oestrus ovis myiasis in Libyan sheep and goats

Summary The heads of 1,489 sheep and 320 goats were examined for larvae ofOestrus ovis at 17 abattoirs in northern Libya in July to November 1988. The prevalence ofO. ovis in sheep was 22·6% and in goats it was 18·4 per cent. Up to 14 and 11 larvae were collected from individual sheep and goats respectively. All larvae were recovered from the nasal passages and frontal sinuses, but only second and third instars were seen.

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Miasis Causada PorOestrus Ovis En Ovejas Y Cabras Libias

Resumen Durante los meses de julio a noviembre de 1988, se examinaron las cabezas de 1489 ovejas y 320 cabras para detectar larvas deOestrus ovis, en 17 mataderos en el norte de Libia. La prevalencia deO. ovis en ovejas fue de 22·6% y en cabras de 18·4%. Se localizó hasta un máximo de 14 y 11 larvas en cabezas ovinas y caprinas respectivamente. Todas las larvas fueron recuperadas de las fosas nasales y los senos frontales; sólo se encontraron los estadíos larvarios segundo y tercero.

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Myiase A Oestrus Ovis Chez Des Ovins Et Caprins En Libye

Résumé Les têtes de 1 489 moutons et de 320 chèvres ont été examinées dans 17 abattoirs de la Libye du nord, de juillet à novembre 1988, pour rechercher des larves d'Oestrus ovis.La prévalence d'Oestrus ovis chez les moutons était de 22,6 p. 100 et chez les chèvres de 18,4 p. 100. Le nombre maximal de larves trouvées par animal a été de 14 chez les moutons et 11 chez les chèvres. Toutes les larves ont été récoltées des conduits nasaux et des sinus frontaux, mais seuls les deuxièmes et troisièmes stades ont été observés.

     

Flock-level prevalence of Eimeria species among broiler chicks in northern Jordan

Six chicks (3–6 weeks of age) were taken randomly from each of 200 broiler farms in northern Jordan, these chicks were submitted for post-mortem and parasitological examinations. Seven Eimeria spp. were identified: E. acervulina, E. brunetti, E. maxima, E. necatrix, E. mivati, E. mitis, and E. tenella. Half (50%) of the farms surveyed had all six chicks infected, 23% of the farms were free of the infection. E. tenella was the most prevalent species (39%) followed by E. necatrix (12%), E. brunitti (12%), and E. maxima (10%). Prevalences did not vary by flock size. Also, neither the use of coccidiostat nor previous coccidiosis clinical outbreaks was associated with the prevalence of coccidiosis.     

Age variations in the prevalence of sarcocystosis in sheep and goats from northern and central Jordan

Awassi sheep and mountain goats slaughtered in northern and central Jordan were examined for Sarcocystis cysts by post-mortem examination, trichinoscopy of muscle samples taken from esophagi and diaphragms and serologically by indirect hemagglutination (IHA) during the period June 1986–May 1988. Macrosarcocysts were found in 11.3% (70/620) of sheep and 11.7% (46/393) of goats aged over 1 year old. Microsarcocysts were found in 50.1% (1185/2693) of the sheep diaphragm samples and 56.4% (711/1261) of the same organs of goats. The prevalences were lower in the esophageal muscles (26.4%, 348 of 1319 and 25.1%, 97 of 386) than the diaphragmal muscles (29.0%, 383 of 1319 and 34.2%, 132 of 386) in the younger age groups (less than 7 months) of sheep and goats, respectively. The prevalences in both the esophagus and the diaphragm increased with age. The seroprevalences of anti-Sarcocystis antibodies in sheep and goats were significantly higher (P < 0.05) than the prevalence of Sarcocystis cysts detected by trichinoscopy. The seroprevalence of sarcocystosis increased with age in sheep and goats.     

The prevalence of brucellosis among sheep and goats in northern Iraq

Out of a total of 2,368 sheep and 3,156 goats tested against brucellosis by the Brewer's card test in the 5 Mohafadhas of the northern region of Iraq, 0.93% and 4.4% respectively were recorded as positive reactors. The highest incidence (1.36%) among sheep was found in the Kirkuk region while the lowest (0.78%) was in the Mosul (Nineveh) region. Among goats the highest incidence (11.55%) was revealed in the Dukho region while the lowest (1.47%) was in the Sulaimaniya region. The need for more detailed work on the incidence and on the isolation of the local strains, as well as the need for a control programme, is also discussed.     

Prevalence and burden of gastrointestinal helminthes among local chickens, in northern Jordan

We conducted a cross-sectional study from December 2004 to February 2005 and from June 2005 to August 2005. The study aimed to determine the prevalence of gastrointestinal and tracheal helminthes among local chickens in northern Jordan. A total of 208 male and female local scavenging chickens were selected randomly. We examined the trachea and gastrointestinal tract of each bird for the presence of helminthes. We recovered three nematode and eight cestode species. No trematodes were found. One hundred and fifty-two birds (73.1%) (95% CI: 67, 79) were infected. The prevalences of different species were as follows: Ascaridia galli female 28%, male 43%; Capillaria obsignata 0.5%; Heterakis gallinarum 33%; Amoebotaenia cuneata 4.3%; Choanotaenia infundibulum female 23%, male 13%; Davainea proglottina 1.4%; Hymenolepsis cantaniana 11%; Hymenolepsis carioca female 35%, male 24%; Raillietina cesticillius female 5%, male 11%; Raillietina echinobothrida 16%; and Raillietina tetragona 18%. The prevalences of A. galli and R. cesticillus were higher in male than female hosts while those of C. infundibulum and H. carioca were higher in females. The median worm burden was 7 (range 0–168) worms per chicken.     

Efficacy of injectable and pour-on microdose ivermectin in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation by Przhevalskiana silenus (Diptera, Oestridae)

The prophylactic efficacy of microdoses of injectable and pour-on ivermectin formulations against larval stages of Przhevalskiana silenus was assessed in naturally infected goats in the region of Calabria (southern Italy).Sixty-eight goats from two goat farms were divided into five groups: one group remained untreated, while the other four groups were treated with microdoses of ivermectin (5 and 10 microg/kg injectable formulation and 10 and 20 microg/kg pour-on formulation).The microdoses of ivermectin were fully effective in the treatment of goat warble fly infestation (GWFI) as no larvae emerged from the warbles in the treated groups, while all the larvae emerged in the control groups. Irrespective of the type of formulation used, the difference between the treated groups and the control group was statistically significant (P< 0.001). By contrast, no statistical differences were found between the goats treated with the injectable formulation and those receiving the pour-on applications, and between the two doses of the injectable and pour-on formulations used. Given the plasma concentrations it attains at its lowest dose (0.052 - 0.042 ng/ml for the injectable formulation and 0.030 ng/ml for the pour-on) the injectable formulation seems to offer the most reliable route for the administration of ivermectin microdoses and it is acceptable for milk consumption. The introduction of ivermectin in the early eighties and the use of microdoses in some cases have made it possible to control cattle hypodermosis in large areas of Europe. As with cattle hypodermosis, the administration of ivermectin microdoses in goats is particularly interesting because of the low costs involved and the low levels of residues found in goat milk; it may thus constitute the basis for GWFI control campaigns in areas where the disease is prevalent.     

Age and seasonal variations in the prevalence of Oestrus ovis larvae among sheep in northern Jordan

During the period March 1996-July 1997, 417 heads of Awassi sheep slaughtered at the Irbid Abattoir (northern Jordan) were examined for the three larval instars (L1, L2 and L3) of Oestrus ovis. Of the 417 heads, 242 (58%) were infested with O. ovis larvae. Larval numbers were highly aggregated. The lowest number of larvae and the lower quartile were both zero, whilst the median was two and the upper quartile was 12. The highest number of larvae recovered from one head was 151. All three larval instars were observed in each month of the year. July and October had the highest proportions of L1, 75 and 78%, respectively, among infected animals (adjusted for age). The number of larvae increased with age. Infestation with live larvae was associated with inflammatory responses in the upper respiratory tract and with catarrhal or purulent discharge. The percentage of infested sheep and the mean monthly total number of larvae/sheep peaked in the warmer part of the year. Most larvae were L1 except during the spring when L2 and L3 predominated. Distribution analysis demonstrates that the numbers of larvae recovered in the sheep population followed a negative-binomial distribution. Furthermore, the negative-binomial constant k for each month correlated with the monthly prevalence.     

Prevalence of Taenia multiceps in sheep in northern Jordan

From March 1996 to February 1997, slaughtered-sheeps' heads were examined for the metacestode of Taenia multiceps. Out of 451 sheep heads, only 12 (3%) were infested. All cysts but one were in the age group 0.5-2.5 years old, with prevalence of 10% (11 of 108). Eleven of 12 infested heads were found during the spring and autumn seasons. Out of 95 flocks involved in questionnaire survey unrelated to the abattoir survey, all the farmers reported the existence of the clinical signs known for coenurosis and described it in locally known names and diseases. Twenty-five of them had recent cases that were diagnosed by the veterinarian as coenurosis cases. Each flock reported one or two cases at the time of survey. A variety of clinical signs were reported from these cases (n = 42). These included circling (86%), head pressing (52%), blindness (29%) and paresis (40%). Coenurosis is a sheep-health problem and an important cause of sheep culling in Jordan.     

Cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis in dairy goats in northern Norway.

Ten carcasses and three vertebral columns from north Norwegian dairy goats, which had been killed due to clinical signs of severe neurologic disease, were received for necropsy. Pathological examination revealed nematodes and nematode ova in the central nervous system (CNS) of nine goats. Worms found by gross examination were identified as Elaphostrongylus rangiferi Mitskevich, 1960. Focal traumatic encephalomyelomalacia, apparently caused by migrating worms, perivascular cuffing, eosinophilic leptomeningitis and perineural infiltrations and granulomas, could be demonstrated in CNS sections from all 13 animals examined. Clinical signs reported were initial pruritus followed by motor weakness, lameness, paresis, reduced vision, circling, abnormal head position, bulging eyes and scoliosis. The disease occurred from September to January in regions with a considerable migrant reindeer population. It was concluded that the reported outbreaks of neurologic disease represented seasonal occurrence of cerebrospinal elaphostrongylosis caused by Elaphostrongylus rangiferi, the elaphostrongyloid nematode of reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus).     

Acute phase proteins as indicators of stress in Baladi goats from Jordan

This study aimed to evaluate haptoglobin (Hp), serum amyloid A (SAA), and C-reactive protein (CRP) in goats following exposure to heat and transportation stressors. In the heat stress (HS) experiment (4-week period), six goats were exposed to direct solar radiation vs. six goats exposed to shade regimen. In the transportation stress experiment, six goats were transported for 2?h in a vehicle vs. a control group (n?=?6). Blood samples were collected and serum concentrations of acute phase proteins (APPs) were measured. Rectal temperature, respiratory rate, heart rate, and body weight were recorded. All statistical analyses were performed using the proc General Linear Model (SPSS 19.0). Results indicated that Hp and SAA concentrations were significantly affected by HS (P?P?相似文献