量子盘中氢化杂质束缚磁极化子的性质

采用Lee-Low-Pines变换法和Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了外磁场和温度对量子盘中氢化杂质束缚强耦合磁极化子性质的影响,推导出了束缚磁极化子振动频率λ和声子平均数（N）随温度T,外磁场回旋频率ωc,电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η和电子速率u的变化规律.结果表明,磁极化子的振动频率λ随电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η,电子的速率u和外磁场回旋频率ω.的增加而增大,随温度T的升高和量子盘厚度L的增加而减小;磁极化子的声子平均数（N）随电子-声子耦合强度α,介电常数比η和外磁场回旋频率ωc的增加而增大,随温度T的升高和电子速率u的增加而减小,随量子盘厚度L的增加而振荡减小.     

量子点中双极化子和磁双极化子的研究进展

综述了近年来对抛物线性限制势量子点中强耦合双极化子和磁双极化子的部分研究工作.从抛物量子点中2个电子-声子体系的哈密顿量出发,采用Lee-Low-Pines-Huybrechts变分方法,研究了量子点中强耦合双极化子的振动频率、诱生势和有效势随电子-声子耦合强度、两电子相对距离和量子点半径的变化规律;采用Tokuda改进的线性组合算符法研究了温度和LO声子效应对强耦合双极化子的有效质量和平均声子数的影响.基于Lee-Low-Pines幺正变换,采用Pekar类型变分法研究了抛物量子点中强耦合磁双极化子的内部激发态性质,当考虑自旋和外磁场影响时,研究了二维量子点中强耦合磁双极化子基态的能量、声子平均数以及第一激发态的能量、声子平均数随量子点受限强度、介电常数比、电子-声子耦合强度和磁场的回旋共振频率的变化规律.     

HgS/CdS量子线中电子与声子的相互作用

在有限深势阱模型下,求出了考虑到电子-声子相互作用情况下量子线电子基态能、概率分布和禁带宽度,以HgS/CdS量子线为例,研究了电子-声子相互作用对它们的影响.结果表明:电子-声子相互作用会降低电子基态能,在对基态能的影响中以电子与界面光学支声子相互作用的影响最大,而与界面声学支声子相互作用影响最小;电子-声子相互作用的影响和电子由势阱透入有限高势垒的概率以及禁带宽度均随量子导线半径R的减小而增大;电子-声子相互作用不改变禁带宽度随R的变化趋势,仅使其数值减小.     

HgS/CdS量子线中电子与声子的相互作用

在有限深势阱模型下,求出了考虑到电子-声子相互作用情况下量子线电子基态能、概率分布和禁带宽度,以HgS/CdS量子线为例,研究了电子-声子相互作用对它们的影响.结果表明:电子-声子相互作用会降低电子基态能,在对基态能的影响中以电子与界面光学支声子相互作用的影响最大,而与界面声学支声子相互作用影响最小;电子-声子相互作用的影响和电子由势阱透入有限高势垒的概率以及禁带宽度均随量子导线半径R的减小而增大;电子-声子相互作用不改变禁带宽度随R的变化趋势,仅使其数值减小.

Abstract：

Amodel of cylindrical quantum wires system with one core well,one shell barrier and finite deep potential well is founded.The body phonons,interface phonons,and their couplings with electron are investigated with the help of Green's function.The equations of electronic energy spectrum and wave function are obtained considering and neglecting the electron-interface interaction,and the correction of the electron ground level,electronic distribution and band gap to the well radius are giyen.Numerical calculations on a cylindrical HgS/CdS quantum wires system have been performed.The results show that the interaction of electron-interface phonons reduces the ground level and band gap.The smaller radius,the more reduced.Electron-interface optical phonons interaction plays the most influential,electron-interface acoustic phonon interaction impact ofthe minimum.The electron-interface phonon interaction does not change with changes in the law ofthe radius,just to changethe band gap variation in quantitative.The change increases with the decreases of well radius,which consistent with experimental.     

山药组织介电常数的频率响应特性的研究

以山药组织为研究对象,测量介电常数随交变电场频率变化的特性。研究表明,在工作电压为1V时,同一厚度的山药组织介电常数随频率的增加呈整体减小趋势;对应同一频率,介电常数随厚度的增加呈增长趋势;每一厚度的山药组织介电常数均出现3个极小值．随厚度的增加介电常数的各极小值对应的频率基本不变。     

影响振动式挖掘机牵引动力的参数分析

利用由振幅、振动频率和前进速度定义的参数λ、K和T建立对振动式挖掘机牵引动力的回归方程．从这些回归方程的决定系数可知,用参数λ、K和T来说明它们对振动挖掘机牵引动力的回归程度时,参数λ的决定系数最大,参数T的决定系数次之．     

相互作用网络耦合关系对其鲁棒性的影响

通过构造带有调控参数α的耦合网络模型,改变两个网络耦合顶点之间的度匹配性,研究了两个相互作用耦合网络在耦合关系变化、节点随机失效情况下的级联失效行为及其鲁棒性.在对两个耦合无标度网络的研究中发现:随着α的减小,渗流阈值pc也逐渐减小,鲁棒性随之增强;存在临界值αc,当ααc时,网络渗流呈现二阶相变,而当ααc时,呈现一阶相变.然而,在对两个耦合随机网络的研究中发现,参数α对渗流阈值的影响相对较小.     

InxGa1-xN／GaN柱形量子点中电子的能级研究

在有效质量的理论框架下，考虑量子点的三维约束效应，研究了InxGa1-xN／GaN柱形量子点中电子的能级，讨论了柱形量子点中电子的基态（m=0）和激发态（m=1）能量以及柱形量子点的电子云概率密度。计算结果发现，InxGa1-xN／GaN量子点中电子Z方向的能量较大，Z方向越窄，其能量越大，径方向能量与角动量量子数m、径向半径R有关，角量子数m越大，能级越高，当角量子数m确定后，量子点的能量与径向半径R有关，径向半径越大，能量越小。当柱形量子点处于基态时，其电子云概率密度分布呈类椭圆形，越靠近中心处概率密度越大，并随着径向坐标ρ的增大而减小。     

原子非简谐振动对金属基外延石墨烯电导率的影响

考虑到原子的非简谐振动和电子-声子相互作用,建立了金属基外延石墨烯的微观物理模型,用固体物理理论和方法,研究了外延石墨烯电导率随温度的变化规律,以Cu,Ni金属基底外延石墨烯为例,探讨了基底材料和原子的非简谐振动对电导率的影响.结果表明:(1)金属基外延石墨烯的电导率随温度升高而减小,其中,温度较低时时,变化较快,而温度较高时则变化很慢;它的电导率包括声子的贡献和电子的贡献两部分,其中电子的贡献部分很小,且随温度的变化也小,而声子的贡献远大于电子且随温度变化较大.(2)基底材料和原子的非简谐振动对金属基外延石墨烯的电导率有重要的影响:简谐近似下,电导率随温度的变化较小,考虑到非简谐振动,电导率随温度的变化增大.温度愈高,非简谐效应愈显著.理论结果与其他文献的值以及电学理论相近.     

NH(X~3Σ~-)分子的振动能级及离心畸变常数

采用耦合簇理论的CCSD和CCSD(T)方法,使用多个基组对NH分子基态(X3Σ-)的平衡核间距(Re)、离解能(De)和谐振频率(ωe)进行优化计算,发现在CCSD(T)/cc-PVQZ理论水平下得到的结果(Re=0.103 72nm,ωe=3 282.45cm-1,De=3.579)与实验值非常相符.在0.487 2~6.387 2的核间距内对NH分子的基态进行了单点能量扫描,采用最小二乘法拟合Murrell-Sorbie势能函数,利用拟合的势能函数计算了与该态相应的光谱常数(Be,αe和ωeχe),其结果与实验符合得较好.以得到的解析势能函数为基础,通过求解核运动的径向薛定谔方程找到了转动量子数J=0时NH分子基态的全部振动能级、转动惯量和离心畸变常数.     

低维周期量子点中极化子压缩效应

研究了低维周期对称量子点中极化子的压缩效应。通过引入单模压缩态,改进了Lee-Low-Pines和Huybrechts(LLP-H)方法,并计算了压缩态下极化子的能量。该计算方法不仅适用于所有的耦合常数范围,而且还可以考虑LLP-H方法中忽略了的哈密顿量中声子算符的线形项以及双线形项。将该计算方法所得到的低维周期对称量子点中极化子基态下极化子结合能和势能与LLP-H方法的计算结果相比较,计算结果更加精确。     

Ultrastrong coupling of the cyclotron transition of a 2D electron gas to a THz metamaterial

Artificial cavity photon resonators with ultrastrong light-matter interactions are attracting interest both in semiconductor and superconducting systems because of the possibility of manipulating the cavity quantum electrodynamic ground state with controllable physical properties. We report here experiments showing ultrastrong light-matter coupling in a terahertz (THz) metamaterial where the cyclotron transition of a high-mobility two-dimensional electron gas (2DEG) is coupled to the photonic modes of an array of electronic split-ring resonators. We observe a normalized coupling ratio, Ω/ω(c) = 0.58, between the vacuum Rabi frequency, ?, and the cyclotron frequency, ω(c). Our system appears to be scalable in frequency and could be brought to the microwave spectral range with the potential of strongly controlling the magnetotransport properties of a high-mobility 2DEG.     

Measurement of the entanglement of two superconducting qubits via state tomography

Demonstration of quantum entanglement, a key resource in quantum computation arising from a nonclassical correlation of states, requires complete measurement of all states in varying bases. By using simultaneous measurement and state tomography, we demonstrated entanglement between two solid-state qubits. Single qubit operations and capacitive coupling between two super-conducting phase qubits were used to generate a Bell-type state. Full two-qubit tomography yielded a density matrix showing an entangled state with fidelity up to 87%. Our results demonstrate a high degree of unitary control of the system, indicating that larger implementations are within reach.     

Superconductivity modulated by quantum size effects

We have fabricated ultrathin lead films on silicon substrates with atomic-scale control of the thickness over a macroscopic area. We observed oscillatory behavior of the superconducting transition temperature when the film thickness was increased by one atomic layer at a time. This oscillating behavior was shown to be a manifestation of the Fabry-Perot interference modes of electron de Broglie waves (quantum well states) in the films, which modulate the electron density of states near the Fermi level and the electron-phonon coupling, which are the two factors that control superconductivity transitions. This result suggests the possibility of modifying superconductivity and other physical properties of a thin film by exploiting well-controlled and thickness-dependent quantum size effects.     

Detection of quantum noise from an electrically driven two-level system

The electrical noise of mesoscopic devices can be strongly influenced by the quantum motion of electrons. To probe this effect, we have measured the current fluctuations at high frequency (5 to 90 gigahertz) using a superconductor-insulator-superconductor tunnel junction as an on-chip spectrum analyzer. By coupling this frequency-resolved noise detector to a quantum device, we can measure the high-frequency, nonsymmetrized noise as demonstrated for a Josephson junction. The same scheme is used to detect the current fluctuations arising from coherent charge oscillations in a two-level system, a superconducting charge qubit. A narrow band peak is observed in the spectral noise density at the frequency of the coherent charge oscillations.     

Microwave-induced cooling of a superconducting qubit

We demonstrated microwave-induced cooling in a superconducting flux qubit. The thermal population in the first-excited state of the qubit is driven to a higher-excited state by way of a sideband transition. Subsequent relaxation into the ground state results in cooling. Effective temperatures as low as approximately 3 millikelvin are achieved for bath temperatures of 30 to 400 millikelvin, a cooling factor between 10 and 100. This demonstration provides an analog to optical cooling of trapped ions and atoms and is generalizable to other solid-state quantum systems. Active cooling of qubits, applied to quantum information science, provides a means for qubit-state preparation with improved fidelity and for suppressing decoherence in multi-qubit systems.     

Demonstration of entanglement of electrostatically coupled singlet-triplet qubits

Quantum computers have the potential to solve certain problems faster than classical computers. To exploit their power, it is necessary to perform interqubit operations and generate entangled states. Spin qubits are a promising candidate for implementing a quantum processor because of their potential for scalability and miniaturization. However, their weak interactions with the environment, which lead to their long coherence times, make interqubit operations challenging. We performed a controlled two-qubit operation between singlet-triplet qubits using a dynamically decoupled sequence that maintains the two-qubit coupling while decoupling each qubit from its fluctuating environment. Using state tomography, we measured the full density matrix of the system and determined the concurrence and the fidelity of the generated state, providing proof of entanglement.     

Control and measurement of three-qubit entangled states

We report the deterministic creation of maximally entangled three-qubit states-specifically the Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) state and the W state-with a trapped-ion quantum computer. We read out one of the qubits selectively and show how GHZ and W states are affected by this local measurement. Additionally, we demonstrate conditional operations controlled by the results from reading out one qubit. Tripartite entanglement is deterministically transformed into bipartite entanglement by local operations only. These operations are the measurement of one qubit of a GHZ state in a rotated basis and, conditioned on this measurement result, the application of single-qubit rotations.