血红蛋白脂质体治疗犬急性失血性贫血效果的观察

为观察人工制备血红蛋白脂质体(LHb)对急性贫血患犬的治疗效果,使用脂质体包埋犬血红蛋白,建立犬急性失血性贫血病例模型。12只犬随机分成4组,每组3只:空白组(Sham)、输入血红蛋白脂质体组(LHb)、输入自体全血组(SAB)、输入生理盐水组(Saline),分别观察各组供试犬处理前后的临床表现,同时测定血常规、血生化及尿常规指标。结果表明,LHb与SAB试验犬相对于Sham及Saline组试验犬,临床贫血症状均获明显改善;第1天时,LHb试验犬血红蛋白浓度(167.67±2.96)g/L明显高于失血前(135.33±3.18)g/L,第3天开始与SAB组差异不显著(P0.05)。LHb组白细胞(WBC)与嗜中性(Gran)及单核白细胞(Mono)数前2 d的变化与SAB组差异显著(P0.05)。输入LHb后,血清总胆红素浓度升高并在1~2 d内超出正常参考范围,1~4 d内与SAB组比较差异显著(P0.05);尿液指标显著升高,持续4~5 d。本研究表明,LHb作为血液替代品用于贫血治疗具有明显的效果。     

饲料中镁添加量对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、体成分及抗氧化能力的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中镁添加量对中华绒螯蟹幼蟹生长、体成分及抗氧化能力的影响。在基础饲料中分别添加0、1.5、3.0、4.5、6.0和7.5 g/kg镁(L-天门冬氨酸镁形式),制成镁含量实测值分别为0.98、1.43、3.40、4.79、6.65和7.98 g/kg的6种试验饲料。选取平均体重为(2.97±0.01)g的中华绒螯蟹幼蟹900只,随机分为6个组,每组5个重复,每个重复30只幼蟹。每组幼蟹随机投喂1种试验饲料,试验期为10周。结果表明:添加3.0 g/kg镁组幼蟹的增重率、存活率和全蟹粗蛋白质含量最高,但各组间差异不显著(P>0.05)。幼蟹日摄食率、饲料系数及全蟹粗脂肪、水分和粗灰分含量各组之间亦无显著差异(P>0.05)。全蟹中镁含量随着饲料中镁添加量的升高而升高,而钙含量则在未添加镁组最高,导致此组的钙镁比最高。幼蟹肝胰腺和血清中还原型谷胱甘肽(GSH)含量随着饲料中镁添加量的升高先升高后降低,在添加3.0 g/kg镁组达到最高值,其肝胰腺中GSH含量显著高于添加7.5 g/kg镁组(P<0.05),血清中GSH含量显著高于未添加镁组(P<0.05);血清和肝胰腺中丙二醛(M DA)含量则随着饲料中镁添加量的升高先降低后升高,在添加3.0 g/kg镁组获得最低值,显著低于其他各组(P<0.05)。由此得出,以L-天门冬氨酸镁为镁源,当饲料中镁添加量为3.0~4.5 g/kg时中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的生长效果较好;以肝胰腺中GSH含量为判据,采用二次回归模型进行拟合发现,当饲料中镁添加量为3.76 g/kg(饲料中镁含量为4.39 g/kg)时,中华绒螯蟹幼蟹的抗氧化能力最佳。     

舒泰对大食蚁兽麻醉效果的初步观察

为观察舒泰对大食蚁兽的麻醉效果,对2只大食蚁兽用舒泰进行了4次麻醉试验,在麻醉过程中用Cardell兽用监护仪对食蚁兽的呼吸系统、循环系统采取无损伤连续动态监测,同时监测和记录麻醉过程中大食蚁兽的生命体征变化和不同时段的生物反射以及镇静、镇痛、肌松效果。结果表明舒泰用量在2～2.5 mg/kg体重时对大食蚁兽安全、有效,麻醉效果确实。肌肉注射舒泰后诱导期为2～5 min,麻醉期16～35 min,恢复期142～280 min。结论:舒泰麻醉大食蚁兽其诱导期平稳、迅速,无兴奋表现,有较好的镇痛、麻醉、肌松作用,效果确实,且苏醒平稳、安全范围大,是适合于大食蚁兽全身麻醉、保定的理想药物,为国内大食蚁兽的麻醉提供参考。     

实验性牛卵形巴贝西虫病的研究

本实验以感染有卵形巴贝西虫(Babesia ovata)的长角血蜱(Haemaphysalis longicornis)幼蜱、叮咬感染实验除脾牛。结果,幼蜱叮咬后第6天,牛未梢血红细胞内首次观察到了卵形巴贝西虫裂殖子,第12天感染率出现高峰为9.05%,随后即下降,第15天虫体从未梢血中消失。实验感染牛主要临床表现为稽留高热,呼吸急促,血尿,可视粘膜苍白黄染,高度贫血。血液学检查Hb降至380/L,PCV降至10%,红细胞降至1.80×10~(12)/L。     

饲料中维生素E水平对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能、血清非特异性免疫及抗氧化指标的影响

本试验旨在研究饲料中维生素E水平对三疣梭子蟹幼蟹生长性能、血清非特异性免疫及抗氧化指标的影响。以初始体重为(5.94±0.17)g的三疣梭子蟹幼蟹为研究对象,配制6种维生素E水平分别为8.9、19.6、27.0、39.7、77.6和156.9 mg/kg的等能等氮的试验饲料,进行为期8周的养殖试验。每种试验饲料投喂60只幼蟹,每20只幼蟹作为1个重复。结果显示:当饲料中维生素E水平从8.9 mg/kg增加39.7 mg/kg时,增重率和特定生长率显著升高(P0.05);当饲料中维生素E水平从39.7 mg/kg增加到156.9 mg/kg时,增重率和特定生长率反而出现降低的趋势(P0.05)。饲料中维生素E水平对幼蟹的饲料系数、成活率和蜕壳率均没有显著影响(P0.05)。饲料中维生素E水平对三疣梭子蟹全蟹粗蛋白质、水分和粗灰分含量以及血清中总蛋白、甘油三酯和葡萄糖含量均没有显著影响(P0.05),但对全蟹粗脂肪含量有显著影响(P0.05)。随着饲料中维生素E水平的增加,血清溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活性先升高后降低,当维生素E水平为39.7 mg/kg时,血清溶菌酶和碱性磷酸酶活性最高。饲料中维生素E水平对幼蟹血清中超氧化物歧化酶活性没有显著影响(P0.05)。血清中丙二醛含量随着饲料中维生素E水平的增加逐渐降低,当饲料中维生素E水平增加到156.9 mg/kg时,血清中丙二醛含量最低,显著低于对照组(P0.05)。以特定生长率为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得出三疣梭子蟹幼蟹维生素E的适宜需求量为39.0 mg/kg(饲料干重)。     

采用输血疗法治疗大熊猫贫血

在2007-2012年期间,分别应用输血疗法治愈传染性疾病导致的贫血、营养性贫血及继发性贫血等3种类型(共6只)的大熊猫贫血病例,有的病例还进行了连续多次输血,输血后大熊猫没有出现严重的输血反应,且RBC、HGB、HCT、MCHC、PLT等均有明显升高,平均在第1次输血后32d其血常规值就恢复到正常范围。通过总结大熊猫的输血方法及输血过程中的注意事项及体会,认为输血疗法在大熊猫贫血性疾病的治疗上是安全、可行的,输血疗法作为纠正贫血的主要方法之一,为抢救各种重症贫血性疾病提供了一条有效途径,值得在临床中进行推广。     

高温应激引发川金丝猴幼崽消化不良的诊治

正2017年8月中旬,上海地区遇到百年一遇的高温,极端气温在39℃以上,我园3只编号为17-3、17-6、17-8的川金丝猴幼崽陆续出现精神委靡,吃奶次数明显减少,并拉黄白色稀便,在保守治疗效果不明显并继发脱水症状的情况下,大胆将母幼短时间分离,进行采血检查、输液治疗、人工喂药调理,经1周积极治疗,3只幼崽全部痊愈。1发病经过及主要临床症状3只川金丝猴幼崽为我园2017年3月份、6月     

小尾寒羊捻转血矛线虫病的诊断与防治

许昌从荷译引进小尾寒羊64只发现消瘦、贫血、下颌水肿的有27只，致死亡率为51．85％，经尸检，实验室诊为感染捻转血矛线虫所致。经用左旋咪唑（8mg/kg)和丙硫苯咪唑（15mg/kg)相隔10天治疗两次即愈。以后每年2、9月各驱虫一次，该病得到控制。     

1例犬反复性免疫介导性溶血性贫血的诊治

为了解犬免疫介导性溶血性贫血的发病过程以及治疗过程中用药的情况,对1例犬反复发生的免疫介导性溶血性贫血病例的诊疗过程进行回顾,对其临床症状、诊断、治疗和预后等方面予以分析.结果表明,该犬发病时表现为可视黏膜黄染,精神萎靡;检查显示严重贫血,出现大量球形红细胞,并伴有血清谷丙转氨酶和碱性磷酸酶的升高;用泼尼松龙治疗有效,...     

白山羊捻转血矛线虫病的诊治

安徽省望江县引进白山羊300余只,于次年春发现消瘦、贫血、下颌间隙和体下垂部水肿等症状,致死率达62.5%,经尸检、实验室诊断为捻转血矛线虫感染所致.经用左旋咪唑(8～10 mg/kg)间隔7 d治疗2次即愈.以后每2～3个月驱虫1次,该病得到控制.     

当归及其炮制品对血虚鸡血液生理指标的影响

为探究当归及其不同炮制品对鸡造血功能的影响,本试验用环磷酰腹腔注射制造雏鸡血虚模型,然后分别用2mL/kg的生当归、酒当归、土当归、油当归和当归炭水煎剂连续灌服7d,随后采血测定红细胞数和血红蛋白等血液生理指标,并与健康对照组和血虚不用药模型组进行比较。结果表明,各种当归炮制品均有较好的补血作用,其中油当归补血作用较强,当归炭最弱。     

当归对鸡血液指标的影响研究

为探讨当归对鸡血液指标的影响,试验用高、中、低3个剂量的当归煎剂分别给正常和贫血鸡进行灌服,测定试验鸡的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积和血沉值,并与正常及贫血不用药组进行比较.贫血鸡模型利用环磷酰胺制造.结果发现:当归能显著提高正常鸡的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积和血沉值;同时当归能够逆转环磷酰胺所致鸡的红细胞数、血红蛋白含量、红细胞压积和血沉值,使其恢复至正常水平.     

母犬的妊娠管理

优化犬妊娠管理开始于饲养管理和在理想的体况下的正常的,健康的亲本选择。整个妊娠期,母犬的姿态,活动,食欲,体重和身体变化的情况应该由业主进行监控。如果食欲不振,体重增重停滞,或出现任何疾病症状应全面的体检,进行生化及随机抽样尿检。胎儿的健康应通过B超评估。临产将至和分娩进度可以通过直肠温度,血清孕酮浓度和子宫和胎儿的监视器监控。本文综述了犬的妊娠和分娩生理,论述了母犬正常妊娠管理的典型计划。     

Thyroid cystadenoma, colloid goiter, and hypothyroidism in an American black bear (Ursus americanus).

A 178-kg, 14-yr-old captive female American black bear (Ursus americanus) was examined because of lethargy, inappetance, obesity, and alopecia. Serum chemistry and complete blood count values were within normal limits. Based on serum levels for total thyroxine (T4), free T4 by equilibrium dialysis (fT4ED), and canine thyroid-stimulating hormone concentrations, using assays validated for domestic dogs, hypothyroidism was diagnosed presumptively, and therapy with levothyroxine sodium (0.022 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d.) was initiated. Haircoat, body weight, appetite, and activity level improved within 30 days. The levothyroxine dose was decreased twice (to 0.018 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. and then to 0.011 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d.) during the course of treatment based on monitoring of serum T4 and fT4ED concentrations. After euthanasia for severe refractory lameness, postmortem examination revealed bilateral thyroid lobe enlargement and a fluid-filled cyst within the right lobe. Histologically, colloid goiter was present in both lobes, and a follicular cystadenoma had replaced one third of the cranial pole of the right lobe. The goiter and cystadenoma likely contributed to the hypothyroid condition in this bear and fT4ED was a more sensitive indicator of hypothyroidism than was T4. The recommended canine dosage of levothyroxine may be too high for the treatment of hypothyroidism in American black bears; 0.011 mg/kg p.o. b.i.d. may be a more appropriate dosage.     

Use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying solution in cats: 72 cases (1998-2000)

OBJECTIVE: To determine clinical features and outcome associated with use of a hemoglobin-based oxygen-carrying (HBOC) solution in cats. DESIGN: Retrospective study. ANIMALS: 72 cats. PROCEDURE: Medical records of cats that received an HBOC solution were reviewed. RESULTS: The most common clinical signs and physical examination findings prior to infusion of the HBOC solution were associated with anemia; vomiting, neurologic signs, and respiratory abnormalities were also detected. The HBOC solution was given as a supportive measure in treatment of anemia in 70 cats, most often because compatible blood was not readily available. There were 80 separate HBOC solution infusion events (mean dose, 14.6 ml/kg [6.6 mg/lb]; mean rate of infusion, 4.8 ml/kg [2.2 ml/lb] per hour). Improvements in 37 of 43 of the more closely monitored cats included increased rectal temperature, blood hemoglobin concentration, blood pressure, appetite, and activity. Adverse events in 44 cats included pulmonary edema (n = 8), pleural effusion (21), mucous membrane discoloration (21), pigmenturia (11), vomiting (4), and neurologic abnormalities (4). Twenty-three cats were discharged from the hospital, and 49 cats died or were euthanatized. Necropsy examination of 23 cats did not reveal evidence of renal or hepatic toxicosis associated with HBOC administration. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Although administration of an HBOC solution may provide temporary support to anemic cats, the development of pulmonary edema or pleural effusion potentially associated with rapid infusion rate and large volume of infusion of the HBOC solution should be investigated further before use of the solution can be recommended in cats.     

1株鸡传染性贫血病毒野毒株对不同日龄SPF鸡的致病性

从山东省某商品代肉鸡场表现生长迟缓的20日龄病鸡群分离到1株鸡传染性贫血病毒(CAV)SDLY08株,通过口服和肌肉注射2种途径分别感染1,7,21日龄SPF鸡,12d后检测CAV对SPF鸡体质量、免疫器官和血液指标的影响。结果表明,于3个不同日龄感染后12d,SDLY08株均可导致增重减缓,胸腺显著萎缩,脾脏肿大,同时还可引起白细胞、红细胞数及红细胞压积的显著减少。且1日龄和7日龄鸡易感性大于21日龄鸡,肌肉注射比口服感染组的致病性更强。     

Nephrotoxicity in lambs apparently caused by experimental feeding withNarthecium ossifragum

Seven lambs were fed a mixture of bog plants containing 15 g (wet matter)Narthecium ossifragum per kg live weight for 10 consecutive days. Their serum creatinine concentration increased from day 1 to 4 but then fell to normal by day 6 after feeding started. In the same animals, the serum magnesium concentration was increased on days 3, 4 and 5. Histopathological examination of the kidneys of 2 lambs killed after being fed 25 gN. ossifragum per kg live weight for one day revealed tubular epithelial cell degeneration and necrosis. There were no signs of disease or distress in the experimental animals and their appetite remained normal throughout the experimental period. It was concluded thatN. ossifragum is probably nephrotoxic to lambs.Abbreviations ALP alkaline phosphatase - ASAT aspartate aminotransferase - -HBA -hydroxybutyric acid - CK creatine kinase - d.m. dry matter - -GT -glutamyltransferase - GLDH glutamate dehydrogenase - MCV mean cell volume - RBC red blood cells - SEM standard error of the mean - WBC white blood cells - w.m. wet matter     

Clinical efficacy and safety of recombinant canine erythropoietin in dogs with anemia of chronic renal failure and dogs with recombinant human erythropoietin-induced red cell aplasia

The efficacy and safety of recombinant canine erythropoietin (rcEPO) therapy was evaluated in 19 dogs with anemia of chronic renal failure (group 1) and 6 dogs with chronic renal failure and recombinant human erythropoietin (rhEPO)-induced red cell aplasia (group 2). Hematocrit (Hct) and absolute reticulocyte count (ARC) were monitored weekly for the first 8 weeks, CBC (including ARC) and serum iron profiles were evaluated monthly, and serum biochemical analyses were performed every 2 months for 6 (group 2) to 12 (group 1) months. For group 1 dogs, median Hct and ARC increased significantly during the 1st week of rcEPO treatment, and median Hct was sustained at >35% after week 5. In contrast, median Hct and ARC for group 2 did not change significantly with rcEPO treatment, even with doses greater than those used in group 1. Nevertheless, 2 (33%) of the 6 dogs in group 2 developed erythroid hyperplasia, reticulocytosis, and increases in Hct with rcEPO treatment. Although median systolic blood pressure did not change significantly in either group, 5 dogs developed systolic blood pressures > or = 180 mm Hg during the study. Appetite and energy level improved in most group 1 dogs with increases in Hct. Recombinant cEPO stimulated erythrocyte production in dogs with nonregenerative anemia secondary to chronic renal failure without causing the profound erythroid hypoplasia that can occur in rhEPO-treated dogs. Unfortunately, rcEPO was not as effective in restoring erythrocyte production in dogs that had previously developed rhEPO-induced red cell aplasia.     

Immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in an eclectus parrot

CASE DESCRIPTION: A 2-year-old female Solomon Island eclectus parrot (Eclectus roratus) was evaluated by a veterinarian because of a 4-day history of progressive lethargy, weakness, poor appetite, and inactivity. The bird was referred to a veterinary teaching hospital for further examination. CLINICAL FINDINGS: Clinicopathologic analyses revealed that the parrot had marked regenerative anemia, autoagglutination, and biliverdinuria. Small, rounded RBCs (thought to be spherocytes) were detected in blood smears. The abnormal findings met the diagnostic criteria for dogs with primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. However, analyses of blood samples for lead and zinc concentrations and plasma bile acids concentrations; the use of PCR assays for Chlamydophila psittaci, psittacine circovirus 1 (causative agent of beak and feather disease), and polyomavirus; and microbial culture and Gram staining of feces did not reveal a cause for the hemolytic anemia. TREATMENT AND OUTCOME: Although administration of immunosuppressive doses of cyclosporine was initiated, there was a rapid progression of disease, which lead to death of the parrot before this treatment could be continued long-term. Lack of an identifiable underlying disease (confirmed by complete histologic examinations at necropsy) supported the diagnosis of primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia. CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia has not been widely reported in psittacine birds. A comprehensive evaluation and complete histologic examination of tissues to rule out underlying disease processes are required to definitively establish a diagnosis of primary immune-mediated hemolytic anemia in parrots. Primary immune-me-diated hemolytic anemia should be considered as a differential diagnosis for regenerative anemia in a parrot.     

S-adenosyl-L-methionine (SAMe) for the treatment of acetaminophen toxicity in a dog

An 8-month-old, spayed female Shetland sheepdog presented 48 hours after ingesting acetaminophen (1 gm/kg body weight). On presentation, the dog was laterally recumbent and hypovolemic. The dog had brown mucous membranes, severe Heinz-body hemolytic anemia, bleeding tendencies, and a red blood cell (RBC) glutathione (GSH) concentration that was 10% of reference values, despite a regenerative erythroid response. Treatment with s-adenosyl-l-methionine (SAMe) as a GSH donor successfully rescued this dog, despite the animal's late presentation after drug ingestion. A loading dose (40 mg/kg body weight) of a stable SAMe salt per os was followed by a maintenance dose (20 mg/kg body weight) sid for 7 days. Additional therapeutic interventions included an intravenous (i.v.) infusion of one unit of packed RBCs (on admission), i.v. fluid support (3 days), and famotidine (7 days) to reduce gastric acidity. Sequential assessment of RBC GSH concentrations and RBC morphology documented response to antidote administration within 72 hours. This case suggests that SAMe may provide a therapeutic option for treatment of acetaminophen toxicosis in dogs capable of retaining an orally administered antidote and maintaining adequate hepatic function for metabolism of SAMe to its thiol substrates.