荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状与产奶量的相关性分析

对新疆荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量与体型线性性状进行了相关。通径分析。结果表明，荷斯坦奶牛的乳房纵沟深，后乳房宽，后乳房高与产奶量呈中等正相关，体高，体长，尻宽，尻长与产奶量呈弱相关；后乳房宽，乳房纵沟深是直接影响产奶量的重要性状，且是正身作用；后乳房高对产奶量起负面影响。其间接作用大。     

荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳房性状的通径分析

对荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量与乳房性状进行了相关、通径分析。结果表明，荷斯坦奶牛的后乳房深、后乳房宽、后乳房高、乳房纵沟深、乳头直径与产奶量呈中等正相关，乳头长与产奶量呈弱相关；后乳房宽、乳房纵沟深、乳头直径是影响产奶量的重要性状，且是正向作用；后乳房高对产奶量起负面影响，其间接作用大。     

荷斯坦奶牛产奶量与乳房性状的通径分析

对荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量与乳房性状进行了相关，通径分析。结果表明：荷斯坦奶牛的后乳房深，后乳房宽，后乳房高，乳房纵沟深，乳头直径与产奶量呈中等正相关，乳头长与产奶量呈弱相关；后乳房宽，乳房纵沟深，乳头直径是影响产奶量的重要性状，且是正向作用，后乳房高对产奶量起负面影响，其间接作用大。     

奶牛难产度与其体型线性性状的相关,通径分析

本文通过对双桥农场２６２头荷斯坦奶牛难产度与其体型线性性状进行相关，通径分析，结果表明：乳房深与难产度呈正相关，且是影响奶牛难产度的主要性状之一，胸围，尻长，尻宽与难产度呈负相关，且间接起负面影响，体深也是影响奶牛难产度的主要性状。     

奶牛体型线性性状与其成年奶当量相关与通径分析

本文对1990—1991年度双桥农场3个奶牛场603头荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状评分与其成年奶当量进行了相关通径分析,数据采用dBASE Ⅱ进行管理,应用Turo-Basic编程在AST-286进行计算分析。分析表明：奶牛体型线性性状中,乳房深与成年奶当量呈较强负相关r=-0．4266;尻宽与产奶量呈正相关(r=0．2939);这二者是影响成年奶当量的主要性状。     

奶牛乳房性状与产奶量及排乳性能的关系

选择胎次相同,泌乳月份相近的经产荷斯坦牛197头,分别测定其后乳房宽度,后乳房深度,后乳房高度,乳房纵沟深,乳头直径,乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明:奶牛乳房纵沟深,乳头直径,乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明:奶牛乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度、乳头长、乳头直径与排乳速度有极显著正相关(P＜0.01),后乳房高度与排乳速度呈现中等正相关(P＜0.05),平均排乳时间与后乳房宽度呈现显著正相关(P＜0.05);日产乳量与乳头长度呈中等负相关(P＜0.05),与乳房纵沟深、乳头直径呈显著正相关(P＜0.05),305 d产乳量与乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度呈极显著强正相关(P＜0.01),与乳头直径呈显著正相关(P＞0.05),与乳头长度有极显著负相关(P＜0.01).     

奶牛乳房性状与产奶量及排乳性能的关系

选择胎次相同,泌乳月份相近的经产荷斯坦牛197头,分别测定其后乳房宽度、后乳房深度、后乳房高度、乳房纵沟深、乳头直径、乳头长度等6个高遗传力性状,并对其与排乳性能及产奶量的相关性进行研究.结果表明：奶牛乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度、乳头长度、乳头直径与排乳速度有极显著正相关（P＜0.01）,后乳房高度与排乳速度呈中等正相关（P＜0.05）,平均排乳时间与后乳房宽度呈显著正相关（P＜0.05）;日产奶量与乳头长度呈中等负相关（P＜0.05）,与乳房纵沟深、乳头直径呈显著性正相关（P＜0.05）,305d产奶量与乳房纵沟深、后乳房宽度呈强正相关（P＜0.01）,与乳头直径呈显著正相关（P＞0.05）,与乳头长度有极显著负相关（P＜0.01）.     

荷斯坦牛体型线性性状对305d产奶量的通径分析

随机抽取荷斯坦牛395头,测量体高、体斜长、胸围、腹围、管围、尻高、尻宽、腰角宽、乳房深度、后房高度、前房附着、乳头长度、乳头外径等13个体型线性性状,收集395头奶牛305d产奶量,进行荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状对305d产奶量的通径分析,建立体型线性性状对305d产奶量的最优回归方程.结果显示,前房附着、乳头外径与305d产奶量相关极显著(P<0.01),体斜长、后房高度、乳房深度与305d产奶量的相关系数达到显著水平(P<0.05),其余均不显著(P>0.05);体斜长、胸围、尻宽、后房高度和前房附着对305d产奶量的通径系数达到显著水平(P<0.05),并且以直接影响为主导.以体斜长、胸围、尻宽、后房高度和前房附着建立对305d产奶量的最优回归方程y=7601.7470+33.3901x2-_18.3858x3-97.7271x7+71.9464x10-18.5792x11其拟合精度达到0.95以上.     

荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状对305天产奶量的通径分析

进行荷斯坦奶牛体型线性性状时305 d产奶量的通径分析,建立体型线性性状对305 d产奶量的最优回归方程.随机抽取荷斯坦奶牛395头,测量体高、体斜长、胸围、腹固、管围、尻高、尻宽、腰角宽、乳房深度、后房高度、前房附着、乳头长度、乳头外径等13个体型线性性状,收集395头奶牛305 d产奶量.结果表明:前房附着,乳头外径与305 d产奶量相关极显著(P0.05);体斜长、胸围、尻宽、后房高度和前房附着对305 d产奶量的通径系数达到显著水平(P相似文献   

奶牛产奶性能与乳房性状的相关分析

本文对南京市栖霞区个体农户饲养的 40 0头荷斯坦奶牛的悬韧带、后乳房宽度、后乳房高度、乳头长与奶牛的产奶量和乳脂率进行了相关分析 ,数据应用MicrosoftExcel进行计算分析。结果表明 :后乳房宽度和悬韧带均与产奶量呈强正相关 ,与乳脂率呈中等强度的负相关 ;后乳房高度与产奶量呈中等强度的负相关 ,与乳脂率呈弱正相关 ;乳头长与产奶量呈弱正相关 ,与乳脂率呈弱负相关     

西门塔尔奶牛产奶量与其体型线性性状的相关、通径分析

本文通过对某牛场２０头西门塔尔牛产奶量与其体型线性性状进行相关，通径分析。结果表明，尻长、乳房深、体高、胸围、乳头长与其产奶量呈弱正相关，尻宽与产奶量接的于中等正相关、尻长、尻宽、乳头长是影响产奶量的重要性状且是正向人艇，体高、胸围是影响产奶量的重要性状起负面作用，尻长、尻宽对产奶量的直接作用大。     

荷斯坦牛线性性状与产奶量的表型相关分析

[目的]为了研究荷斯坦牛体型线性性状之间及线性性状与305d产奶量之间的表型相关。[方法]选择40头第三胎健康荷斯坦泌乳牛,按9分制评分方法对15个体型性状进行评分,对功能分之间、功能分与305d校正产奶量之间进行相关性回归分析。[结果]表明：305d校正产奶量与臀宽、胸宽、体深、前房附着、整体评分、乳头长度之间成极显著正相关（P〈0．01）;经自变量的筛选,建立了305d校正产奶量（Y）与胸宽（X2）、体深（X3）、臀宽（X6）、前房附着（X9）、后房高度（X10）、乳头位置（X14）之间的回归方程Y=-5529．945＋59．456X2＋3．024X3—3．069X6＋70．173X9＋19．834X10-8．892X14,R^2=0．9231。[结论]依据上述六个性状可以预测荷斯坦奶牛的产奶量。     

Relationships between Longevity and Linear Type Traits in Holstein Cattle Population of Southern Africa

Relationships between longevity and linear type traits were estimated using data on 34,201 cows with lifetime information and linear type scores. The longevity trait considered was the number of lactations initiated and the linear type traits were rump height, body depth, angularity, rear udder height, fore udder attachment, udder depth, fore teat placement and fore teat length. Fixed effects included in the models were herd year, season of calving and herd-date of classification-classifier and days in milk. Age at first calving and age at classification were included as linear and quadratic covariates. Heritability estimates were low for longevity and moderate for most type traits except rump height and fore teat length. All the phenotypic correlations between longevity and the linear type traits were slightly positive (0.01 to 0.09) except the relationships with rump height and fore teat length which were -0.01 and -0.02, respectively. Genetic correlations between longevity and udder traits as well as angularity were moderate to high and positive (0.22 to 0.48). The only notable negative genetic correlations were longevity with body depth and fore teat length (-0.15 and -0.07, respectively). The genetic correlations suggest that selection for udder traits and angularity should improve longevity in the Holstein cattle population.     

Genetic evaluation of dairy cattle for conformation traits using random regression models

Random regression models were applied to eight conformation traits (i.e. stature, rump angle, thurl width, rear leg set, rear udder width, rear udder height, udder depth, and fore udder attachment) of Holstein cows from the northeastern United States. Covariates for fixed and random regressions included age and age‐squared for six of the traits, and two additional covariates were included for rear udder width and rear udder height. Other effects in the model were herd—year‐classifier and months in milk. Fixed covariates were nested within year of birth of the cow. Variance components were estimated using Bayesian theory and Gibbs sampling procedure. Estimated breeding values from the random regression models were compared to two single trait models. The first model utilized only the first classification record of the cow in first lactation, and the second model utilized all classifications of the cow in a simple repeatability model. Additive genetic merit for conformation traits changed with the age of the animal. Some traits were affected by age more than others. The single trait, single record model and the simple repeatability model were not appropriate in predicting breeding values at mature ages for rear udder width and rear udder height.     

蚂蚁山奶牛场奶牛乳房线性性状的评定和分析

选择蚌埠蚂蚁山奶牛场，随机抽取荷斯坦奶牛220头进行6个乳房线性性状即前房附着、后房高度、后房宽度、悬韧带、乳房深度和乳头长度的线性评定和分析。结果表明：蚂蚁山奶牛场荷斯坦奶牛6个乳房性状线性评分分别是30．0分、46．7分、29．5分、38．3分、18．0分和21．0分；功能分各为80分、92分、80分、88分、68分和72分；奶牛乳房线性性状的总体评定成绩中等偏上，前房附着、后房高度、后房宽度、悬韧带、乳房深度、乳头长度的评定等级分别为佳、优、佳、良、中、中；其中以“后房高度”表现最好。     

中国荷斯坦牛乳房性状、体型总分与产奶性状的相关分析

研究利用武汉市58头公牛的971头女儿2006—2007年间的体型性状鉴定记录及2001—2007年间的生产性能测定记录,配合动物模型,采用REML方法进行参数估计,探讨了乳房性状、体型总分与产奶性状之间的关系。结果表明:乳房性状与产奶性状之间的表型相关较小。后乳房宽度与产奶性状之间存在强的遗传正相关(0.44～0.89)。后乳房高度与305 d产奶量(0.27)、305 d乳脂量(0.16)存在遗传正相关,而与305 d乳蛋白量(-0.32)存在遗传负相关。前乳房附着与产奶性状基本不存在相关。悬韧带与305 d产奶量存在遗传正相关(0.79)。乳房深度与305 d产奶量存在遗传负相关(-0.20)。体型总分与305 d产奶量、305 d乳脂量、305 d乳蛋白量存在较强的遗传正相关,故加强乳房性状和体型总分的选择对提高奶牛的生产性能有益。     

荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度影响因素分析及遗传参数估计

【目的】探究中国荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体规律,并估计其遗传参数。【方法】2021年7月至2021年8月分别在2个规模化奶牛场测定了628头泌乳期荷斯坦奶牛的牛嘴宽度及臀高、体高、体斜长和胸围等体尺性状,同时利用体斜长和胸围估计试验牛体重。利用SPSS 26.0软件分析了牧场、月龄和泌乳阶段等因素对牛嘴宽度的影响,以及牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间的相关关系;基于DMU软件采用单性状动物模型估计了牛嘴宽度的方差组分及遗传力。【结果】荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的群体平均值为17.28 cm,变异系数为5%,变异相对较小;牧场和月龄对牛嘴宽度均有极显著影响(P<0.01),泌乳阶段对牛嘴宽度有显著影响(P<0.05),牛嘴宽度随母牛月龄的增加呈逐渐增加的趋势,泌乳初期牛嘴宽度显著小于其他泌乳阶段(P<0.05);牛嘴宽度与各体尺性状之间存在极显著正相关(P<0.01);荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度的遗传力估计值为0.28,为中高遗传力性状。【结论】牧场和月龄对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响极显著,泌乳阶段对奶牛牛嘴宽度影响显著,牛嘴宽度与臀高呈较弱相关。荷斯坦奶牛牛嘴宽度是一个具有中高遗传力的体尺性状。     

Genetic and phenotypic parameters for conformation and yield traits in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds

This study presents genetic parameters for conformation traits and their genetic and phenotypic correlations with milk production traits and somatic cell score (SCS) in three Swiss dairy cattle breeds. Data on first lactations from Holstein (67 839), Brown Swiss (173 372) and Red & White breeds (53 784) were available. Analysed conformation traits were stature and heart girth (both in cm), and linear scores of body depth, rump width, dairy character or muscularity, and body condition score (only in Holstein). A sire model, with relationships among sires, was used for all breeds and traits and variance components were estimated using AS‐REML. Heritabilities for stature were high (0.6–0.8), and for the linear type traits ranged from 0.3 to 0.5, for all breeds. Genetic correlations with production traits (milk, fat and protein yield) and SCS differed between the dairy breeds. Most markedly, stronger correlations were found between SCS and some conformation traits in Brown Swiss and Red & White, indicating that a focus on a larger and more ‘dairy’ type in these breeds would lead to increased SCS. Another marked difference was that rump width correlated positively with milk yield traits in Holstein and Red & White, but negative in Brown Swiss. Results indicate that conformation traits generally can be used as predictors for various purposes in dairy cattle breeding, but may require specific adaptation for each breed.