猪粪堆肥挥发性有机物的产生规律与影响因素

堆肥是畜禽粪便处理及资源化利用的有效途径,然而堆肥过程中极易产生挥发性有机物(VOCs,volatile organic compounds),引发恶臭问题,并对人体健康带来危害。该研究以猪粪和秸秆为原料,通过堆肥试验,研究了含水率、碳氮比和通风速率等工艺参数对猪粪堆肥过程中主要VOCs产生的影响。研究结果表明:堆肥过程中TVOCs的最高体积分数可达2 000×10~(-6)以上,主要在堆肥升温期产生。二甲二硫、二甲三硫是主要的致臭VOCs,其中,影响二甲二硫排放的主要因素为物料初始含水率,影响二甲三硫排放的主要因素为通风速率。极差及方差分析结果表明,堆肥过程中采用含水率65%,碳氮比30,通风速率0.1 m~3/(min·m~3)可以有效控制VOCs的排放。     

蔬菜中植物生长调节剂残留的膳食摄入风险评估——以江浙地区为例

为明确蔬菜中植物生长调节剂残留的膳食暴露风险,2015年在江苏省和浙江省的生产基地和市场调研抽检了271份蔬菜样品,采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法测定了20种常用植物生长调节剂的残留量。检测结果显示,蔬菜中植物生长调节剂残留的总体检出率为8.40%,检出值最高达2.1 mg/kg。对检出率相对较高(5%)的脱落酸、矮壮素、赤霉酸、多效唑、吲哚-3-乙酸和2,4-滴,采用点评估方法评估了不同人群的膳食摄入暴露风险。评估结果显示,在残留量的中间水平和蔬菜消费量的平均水平下(情景1),我国居民的暴露量为2.6×10~(-6)~2.8×10~(-4)mg/(kg bw),其中6岁以下儿童的暴露量为5.7×10~(-6)~6.3×10~(-4)mg/(kg bw);在最大残留水平和高消费水平下(情景2),我国居民的暴露量为3.4×10~(-4)~1.3×10~(-2)mg/(kg bw),其中6岁以下儿童的暴露量为4.6×10~(-4)~2.4×10~(-2)mg/(kg bw),暴露量均远小于各植物生长调节剂的每日允许摄入量(ADI)。结果表明,蔬菜中植物生长调节剂的膳食暴露风险极低,远未达到风险关注水平。植物生长调节剂在蔬菜生产中规范使用具有技术必要性和高安全性,建议加快推进其在各类蔬菜上的登记和限量标准制修订。     

苏打盐碱地围堤养鱼改良土壤的生物性状

为探讨盐碱地围堤养鱼对盐碱地改良效果,2016年对盐碱裸地土、围堤养鱼3,5,8 a的鱼塘淤泥及围堤养鱼5 a后种稻土壤进行分析,测定了各处理土壤样品生物性状及土壤呼吸作用。结果表明,围堤养鱼5a后种稻对微生物的改良效果最明显,与盐碱裸地土相比,细菌、纤维素分解菌、亚硝酸细菌、磷细菌的数量分别增加了2.60×10~6,0.66×10~4,7.84×10~5,0.55×10~5 cfu/g。除多酚氧化酶在盐碱裸地中的活性最大之外,其他酶活性在围堤养鱼5 a的土壤中改良效果最明显,脲酶、磷酸酶、过氧化氢酶、纤维素酶的活性分别提高了0.008 mg/(g·24 h),0.153 mg/(g·24 h),2.035 mg/(g·20 min),0.399 mg/(g·72 h)。CO_2释放量在围堤养鱼8 a土壤里最大,比原碱土增加了7.41 mg/g。只有细菌与土壤呼吸呈显著正相关(P0.05),土壤生物性状与土壤呼吸作用没有相关性。     

日照市降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征

为掌握山东省日照市降雨侵蚀力时空分布特征,提高日照市水土保持规划与决策的科学性,利用日照市水利局雨量遥测系统61个雨量站点2005-2014年日降雨资料计算降雨侵蚀力,并运用Excel 2013、ArcGIS 10等工具分析日照市降雨侵蚀力的时空分布特征.结果表明:1)从年度变化来看,日照市站均年度降雨侵蚀力最大值(2008年)是最小值(2014年)的2.90倍,站均汛期降雨侵蚀力最大值(2007年)是最小值(2014年)的3.74倍.从月度变化来看,降雨侵蚀力主要集中在5-9月,尤其集中在7-8月.2)从空间分布来看,各站点年均降雨侵蚀力、汛期降雨侵蚀力呈现东南沿海地区较高、内陆地区较低、中部地区最低的特征,变化范围分别在2 942.07 ～4 921.45、2 694.36～3 921.78 MJ· mm/(hm2·h·a)之间,分区县看,岚山区最高,东港区次之,莒县和五莲县较低;各月的降雨侵蚀力重点也不尽相同.3)从时间变异来看,站均年度降雨侵蚀力变化范围在1 831.55 ～5 306.12 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)之间,均值、中值分别为3 826.01、4 053.62 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),标准差1 089.46MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),变异系数28.48％;站均月度降雨侵蚀力变化范围在1.23 ～1 171.93 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)之间,均值、中值分别为318.83、61.51 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),标准差397.99 MJ· mm/(hm2·h·a),变异系数124.83％.4)从空间变异来看,各站年均降雨侵蚀力变化范围在2 755.23 ～5 061.15 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a)之间,均值、中值分别为3 826.01、3 730.97 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),标准差512.81 MJ·mm/(hm2·h·a),变异系数13.40％.本研究结果可为日照市水土保持规划与决策、土壤侵蚀预报等提供参考.     

添加生物质助燃物改善牛粪燃烧性能

为了改善牛粪的燃烧性能,该研究以栾树干、稻草和玉米芯为助燃物,采用热重分析法计算分析了纯牛粪及其与各助燃物在1∶1、2∶1和3∶1 3种质量配比下的混合燃烧性能与燃烧反应动力学行为。结果表明:添加助燃物后的牛粪混料着火特性较纯牛粪变化不大,但燃尽特性有较为明显的改善,其中稻草和玉米芯的改善效果要优于栾树干,且稻草略好于玉米芯;栾树干、稻草和玉米芯3种混料在不同质量配比下的综合燃烧特性指数的平均值分别为1.89×10-10、2.09×10-10和2.45×10-10 mg2/(K3·min2),相对于纯牛粪分别提高了9.88%、21.51%和42.44%;在活化能E和频率因子A构成的燃烧反应活性分布图上,以纯牛粪为参考点,3种质量配比下的玉米芯混料均向高反应活性区大幅移动,而稻草混料需要在较大的配比下才能大幅向高反应活性区移动,栾树干混料则均一定程度地向低反应活性区移动。以上研究结果为基于农林废弃物的牛粪混合燃烧处理提供了依据和参考。     

基于MWCNTs-COOH修饰电极的2种杀虫剂的电化学快速检测

为实现对果蔬中常用杀虫剂氧化乐果和溴氰菊酯含量的快速检测,本试验利用羧基化多壁碳纳米管修饰玻碳电极建立电化学快速分析检测方法。结果表明,用羧基化多壁碳纳米管功能化后的修饰电极能显著提高电极表面电子的传递速率,使氧化乐果和溴氰菊酯2种农药检测灵敏度更高。其中,检测氧化乐果的线性范围为1×10~(-5)~1×10~(-1)mg·kg~(-1),最低检出限为5×10~(-6)mg·kg~(-1),加标回收率为89.6%~109.1%,相对标准偏差RSD在2.64%~8.10%之间;检测溴氰菊酯的线性范围为1×10~(-4)~1mg·kg~(-1),最低检出限为7×10~(-5)mg·kg~(-1),加标回收率为88.1%~106.6%,相对标准偏差RSD在2.44%~8.68%之间。与NY/T 761-2008气相色谱法检测氧化乐果和溴氰菊酯的灵敏度相比,该方法具有更高的灵敏度和良好的抗干扰性及检测稳定性,对果蔬中这2种杀虫剂的检测具有重要的意义。     

南方红壤区潋水流域降雨侵蚀力时空特征

降雨侵蚀力(R)反映降雨引起土壤侵蚀的潜在能力,是进行土壤侵蚀预测预报及科学布置水土保持措施的重要依据。本文以南方红壤区典型流域——赣江上游潋水流域2000-2016年4个雨量站的降雨资料为基础,采用月雨量模型计算降雨侵蚀力,并采用统计学方法及ArcGIS空间分析技术对其时空特征进行分析。结果表明:1)流域的多年平均R值为5 899.0 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a),最大值为10 306.9MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a)(2015年),最小值为2387.1 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a)(2003年),各站R值年际间变化无显著差异。2)研究期内流域各雨量站R值的统计值M均为正数,流域面临着不同程度的水土流失潜在危机。3)值和降雨量年内变化趋势一致,均表现为单峰型,集中分布在3-8月,约占R值全年的80.92%;最大值出现在6月,约占全年R值的23.8%。4)各站点年均R值分布范围为1 904.12~10 841.48 MJ·mm/(hm~2·h·a),空间上表现为从流域的东北部向西南部呈逐渐增加的趋势。潋水流域降雨侵蚀力的年内分布、年际变化特征与降雨量时空分布基本一致,时空特征除与降雨量分布密切相关外,还与降雨格局等因素有关。     

基于热重法的生物质工业分析及其发热量测定

为了比较不同种类生物质的燃烧特性,丰富热重分析技术的应用方向,该文采用热重分析技术对农业剩余物、林业剩余物和工业加工废渣的代表性生物质进行了空气气氛下不同升温速率的燃烧特性试验研究。研究表明:3种类型生物质的燃烧过程均包括4个主要阶段:水分蒸发阶段、挥发分析出及燃烧阶段、固定碳燃烧阶段、燃尽阶段。该文提出1种确定样品工业分析值的方法,即热分析曲线法,并推荐应用20℃/min升温速率下的热分析曲线图来计算确定。同时还提出1种差热分析法,用以计算生物质样品发热量,分析发现,农业秸秆类剩余物适用于20℃/min的升温速率,木屑和甜高粱渣适用于5、10℃/min的升温速率。该文提出的计算工业分析值的热分析曲线法与计算发热量的差热分析法,为热重分析技术研究生物质的燃烧特性提供了新的应用方向,但2种新方法的建立,以及他们的有效性和适用性,仍需要大量试验数据的验证和进一步的试验研究。     

基于气象资料的日辐射模型在中国西北地区适用性评价

地表总辐射(Rs)是作物生长模型率定、蒸散量估算、灌溉制度制定和太阳能资源利用的重要基础数据。为有效提高辐射资源利用率,该文基于中国西北地区10个气象站点1993-2016年气象数据对9种不同日辐射模型进行适用性评价。采用非线性回归分析法对Bristow-Campbell(B-C)模型进行参数属地化修正,得到B-C校正模型。模型适用性评价结果表明:9种模型在西北地区的辐射模拟值和实测值均呈极显著相关(P0.01);基于日照时数的日辐射模型(?ngstr?m-Prescott、Ogelman、Bahel、Louche、Almorox-Hontoria、Glower-Mc Culloch,其R2介于0.875~0.954)计算精度高于基于温度的模型(Hargreaves-Samani、Annandale、Bristow-Campbell,其R2介于0.652~0.813);其中基于日照时数的模型中Bahel模型精度最高,其次是Ogelman和Glower-Mc Culloch模型,其RMSE分别为2.282、2.309和2.313 MJ/(m~2·d),n RMSE分别为14.0%、14.2%和14.2%,MAE分别为1.666、1.701和1.697 MJ/(m~2·d),Nash-Sutcliffe系数(NS)分别为0.905、0.903和0.902;基于温度的日辐射模型中B-C校正模型精度最高,其RMSE为3.819 MJ/(m~2·d),n RMSE为23.3%,MAE为2.680 MJ/(m~2·d),NS为0.741。因此,西北地区日辐射计算当仅有日照时数资料时推荐使用Bahel模型,当仅有温度资料时推荐使用Bristow-Campbell校正模型。     

病死猪辅热快速好氧发酵工艺参数优化与装备研制

将病死猪、辅料拌合后加入发酵菌种,在50～70℃条件下进行辅热快速好氧发酵处理,可在短时间内将病死猪转化为干颗粒物料。为了优化发酵工艺参数,提高发酵处理质量,该文采用辅热快速好氧发酵试验装置,以猪死胎为原料、麸皮为辅料,选取通风量和温度为试验因素,以产物的总游离氨基酸(free amino acid,FAA)质量分数、含水率、粒度分布和pH值作为试验指标,开展了病死猪辅热快速好氧发酵处理试验。发酵温度选取50、60和70℃3个水平,通风量选取8、9和10 L/(L·min) 3个水平。结果表明,发酵温度60℃、通风量10 L/(L·min)时处理效果最佳。在此基础上,设计并试制了一台处理能力为150kg/批的病死猪辅热快速好氧发酵处理设备,并进行了初步试验。设定通风量为10 L/(L·min),发酵温度为60℃,发酵3d后物料中的FAA质量分数为20.74g/kg,含水率为14%左右,pH值为5.4,88.89%能通过4.75 mm编织筛,未检出大肠杆菌,平均每处理1 kg病死猪的能耗为2.37 kW?h。试验结果表明,试制的装备能在3 d内将冰冻状态的病死猪无害化处理转变为干颗粒物料,处理产物能满足后续有机肥生产的要求。     

废弃烤烟茎秆与鸡粪堆肥化利用的研究

采用特制的堆肥箱,对废弃烤烟茎秆与鸡粪的堆肥化利用进行了研究。结果表明,烤烟茎秆＋鸡粪（处理A）混合堆肥处理的堆温保持在50℃以上的时间为10d,而烤烟茎秆＋碳酸氢铵（处理B）处理的仅为2d。堆肥30d时,处理A的碳素含量基本趋于稳定,C／N为15．8;处理B的碳素含量仍不稳定,C／N为23．5;处理A的铵态氮与硝态氮的比值为0．43,处理B的达0．60。堆肥20d时,处理A堆料浸出液浸种后的种子发芽指数比处理B的高15个百分点,差异达极显著水平。堆肥50d时,两处理的种子发芽指数差异不明显,种子发芽率均达到100％。烤烟茎秆与鸡粪堆肥成品的有机质和总养分（N、P2O5、K2O）含量、重金属（As,Hg,Ph,Cd,Cr）含量控制标准等完全达到有机肥质量的要求。     

不同类型粪肥还田对土壤酶活性及微生物群落的影响

畜禽粪便作为有机肥还田可以维持和提高土壤有机质、改良土壤,有利于农业可持续发展。不同类型粪肥还田后对土壤生物学性状的影响不同,为探究这一问题,在内蒙古乌兰察布市设置田间试验,包括化肥(F)、羊粪(GM)、猪粪(PM)、牛粪(CM)4个处理,研究其对土壤养分、酶活性及微生物群落的影响。结果表明,施用粪肥较化肥具有增加土壤有机质、全氮、有效磷、铵态氮等养分含量的趋势。不同粪肥较化肥处理的土壤脲酶、蔗糖酶、碱性磷酸酶和过氧化氢酶活性最高增幅分别为32.4%、150.4%、26.8%和30.1%。牛粪处理的土壤微生物生物量碳氮显著提高,分别较化肥增加33.2%和33.4%。不同处理在细菌门水平上的优势种群较一致,放线菌门(Actinobacteria)、变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)、绿弯菌门(Chloroflexi)、厚壁菌门(Firmicutes)是优势种群。本试验条件下,牛粪处理更能提高土壤微生物生物量碳氮,短期内施用不同粪肥对于提高土壤微生物群落多样性差异不显著,土壤pH、有效磷、铵态氮是影响土壤微生物群落结构的主要环境因子。     

不同绿肥与牛粪混合堆腐过程中有机组分的动态变化

通过苜蓿、猫尾草、籽粒苋分别与牛粪混合堆腐进行改性处理,研究堆腐过程中有机组分的动态变化。结果表明,绿肥与牛粪混合堆腐可以使堆腐产物中水溶性有机组分的含量增加,提供更多的营养物质供作物直接吸收利用,并且显著提高了堆腐产物持续生成水溶性胡敏酸的能力,其中添加苜蓿堆腐处理产生的水溶性有机组分含量大于其它处理。添加苜蓿和猫尾草堆腐不但可以增加堆腐产物中碱溶性有机物和碱溶性胡敏酸的含量,提高堆腐产物的HA/FA值,而且在堆腐后期可以降低堆腐产物中碱溶性富里酸的减小,添加籽粒苋堆腐处理这种作用不明显。     

Fertilizer value of nitrogen in hen and broiler manure after application to spring barley using different application timing

The nitrogen (N) fertilizer effect of layer hen and broiler manure applied at different times on spring barley yield was studied in seven Swedish field experiments during 2005–2008. Two experiments had parallel field incubations to study N release after fertilizer application. The effect of total N in manure on N offtake was 30–40% that of mineral N, except in a dry year, when the effect was very low. Although the relative proportions of ammonium N, uric acid N and other N differed between the hen and broiler manure, the effect of total N was similar for both. In field incubations, mineral N decreased from 75 to 60% of total N applied in hen manure, whereas it increased from 20 to 50% in broiler manure, because of net immobilization and release, respectively. The limited fertilizer nitrogen replacement value, corresponding to only 30–40% of total N, could be as a result of ammonia volatilization after rather shallow incorporation with harrow. Net N release from broiler manure lasted for 6–8 weeks after application, after which it generally ceased. In some cases, manure application in early spring gave better yield effects than application at sowing, probably because of better synchronization of the N release with crop N requirements. The residual N effect on the N offtake in crop in the year after manure application was on average 3% of the total N applied, equivalent to a fertilizer replacement value of about 6%.     

Long-term residual effects of feedlot manure application on crop yield and soil surface chemistry

Crop response to manure application may extend beyond the year of application due to residual nutrient availability. A field experiment was conducted to evaluate feedlot manure application (at 0 22.5, 45, 90 and 180 Mg ha^?1) and subsequent residual effects (24-yr) on wheat and sorghum grain yields. Sorghum grain yields increased significantly with manure and nitrogen (N) fertilizer application. However, winter wheat grain yield showed no consistent response to manure and fertilizer application in the 9-yr when manure was applied. Averaged across the subsequent 24 years, residual feedlot manure and annual N fertilizer application significantly increased sorghum and winter wheat grain production. Application of cattle manure did increase soil organic matter content, pH and plant available soil nutrients. Our finding showed that growers could take advantage of the long-term benefits of nutrients supplied from manure application to bolster crop production, improve soil quality and reduce fertilizer input cost.     

Influence of Organic Manures on Soil Characteristics and Yield of Jerusalem Artichoke

ABSTRACT

The objective of this study was to study the influence of three organic manures, farm yard manure (FYM), poultry manure (PLM), and pigeon manure (PGM), on soil physical and chemical properties on tuber yield of Jerusalem artichoke in a newly reclaimed saline calcareous soil. A field experiment was conducted applying the three manures, alone and/or in different combinations. Soils were investigated at surface (0–30 cm) and subsurface (30–60 cm) layers before and after planting, and analyzed for physical and chemical properties. The results indicated that the application of 31.5 kg ha^?1 of PLM+10.5 kg of PGM T7 recorded highest available nitrogen, zinc, copper, and moisture content at the surface layer. The same results were obtained for iron and manganese at both layers. While, applying 21.0 kg ha^?1 FYM+21.0 kg ha^?1 PLM T10 recorded the best treatment for pH, phosphorus, zinc, copper, moisture content, and saturation percentage at the subsurface layer. Applying 21.0 kg ha^?1 PGM + 10.5 kg ha^?1 FYM+10.5 kg ha^?1 PLM T15 recorded the best treatment for organic matter content and bulk density at surface layer and reduced the electrical conductivity and inulin tuber content at both layers. On the other hand, calcium carbonate and sodium adsorption ratio were reduced in both layers by applying 21.0 kg ha^?1 PLM+10.5 kg ha^?1 FYM+10.5 kg ha^?1 PGM T14. The best treatment for tuber nitrogen content and total yield was obtained with applying 42.0 kg ha^?1 PLM T2 only and 31.5 kg ha^?1 FYM+10.5 kg ha^?1 PLM T4, respectively.     

Alterations in yield,physicochemical components and mineral composition of onion following organic manure and inorganic nitrogen application

Onion is the one of the most important vegetable crops grown extensively throughout the world; hence, understanding the response of the crop to the form and amount of N provided is of immense importance. In a field experiment, poultry and cattle manure (at 10?t/ha) were compared with four inorganic nitrogen (N) application levels (0, 60, 90 and 120?kg?N/ha), and six combinations of manure and N applications were investigated. Plant growth and total yield (kg/ha) significantly increased, when N application increased from 0 to 120?kg/ha, with or without added poultry manure. Plant height, leaf number and neck thickness were significantly reduced at 0?kg/ha?N plus cattle manure. The bulb ascorbic acid concentration significantly increased with the use of poultry manure (15.94?mg/100?g) and cattle manure (15.94?mg/100?g), compared with 120?kg/ha inorganic N (11.42?mg/100?g). No significant effects were observed on total phenolics and total soluble solids of onion bulbs following the different fertiliser treatments. Cattle manure increased P and K concentrations, whilst poultry manure significantly increased Zn and Fe concentrations in onion bulbs. Onion bulb Ca and Mg concentrations were lower when cattle manure (0.19% and 0.12%) was used than when other organic or inorganic fertilisers were used. Therefore, organic manure increases the concentrations of certain minerals in onions, compared with inorganic N application, without negatively affecting bulb size.     

不同腐熟度猪粪、奶牛粪在小白菜和香瓜上施用的农学效应研究

进行猪粪和奶牛粪自然高温堆肥发酵,分别在15、25、35、50 d取样,获得了不同腐熟程度堆肥产物,分别进行了小白菜和香瓜种子发芽与田间应用试验,以期获得不同腐熟堆肥在蔬菜上施用的农学效应,旨在从堆肥农田施用的农学效应角度,为制订堆肥腐熟度标准提供科学依据。结果表明:牛粪堆肥过程中的最高温度高于猪粪,且高温期也长于猪粪;两种处理在35d有机碳含量均显著降低,全氮含量为先降低后升高趋势;两种堆肥在35d后,均达到无害化标准。不同腐熟程度堆肥对小白菜株高和主根长及香瓜苗重和主根长均没有明显抑制作用,对小白菜和香瓜出苗率、根系活力及小白菜单株鲜重和生物产量影响较大,尤其是猪粪腐熟25d,奶牛粪腐熟15d的堆肥表现出显著抑制作用。将堆肥理化参数与小白菜、香瓜生长指标进行相关分析表明:pH值、全氮含量和C/N这3种指标均与小白菜和香瓜各项生物性状无显著相关性;有机碳和DOC与各项生物性状指标均表现出显著或极显著相关性;铵/硝与小白菜和香瓜的GI和根系活力均表现极显著或显著的相关性,其结果与现行的堆肥腐熟度指标并不一致。因此,在制订堆肥腐熟度标准时,应关注堆肥产物农田施用后不同作物所表现出的不同农学效应。     

Comparison of biological and chemical methods to predict nitrogen mineralization in animal wastes

Summary Biological and chemical methods to predict the level of plant-available N in animal manure were investigated under laboratory and growth-chamber conditions. Two biological methods (maize cultivation in pots and incubation of soil-waste mixtures) and four chemical methods (N extraction by autoclaving, 0.5 N KMnO₄, pepsin, and 6 N HCl) were compared for their accuracy in determining the availability of N in 10 samples of animal manure applied to soil. The autoclaving, permanganate, and pepsin methods were able to predict N availability in this group of wastes. Total N mineralized in a soil amended with different samples of animal manure ranged from 0 to 311 mg N kg^-1 soil. Expressed as a percentage of organic N added to the soil, mineralized N range from 0 to 39%. The poultry manure samples gave higher mineralization rates than the other types of manure tested. In general, mineralized N became immobilized during the incubation process, except for the second poultry manure sample, which showed an initially rapid then a a slow release of mineral N, and pig manure sample 2, which showed a slow initial rate, followed by a rapid increase, and then a slow rate of N release. The first-order exponential model used was able to describe the pattern of N mineralization in pig manure sample 2, poultry manure sample 2 but not the other samples.     

施用禽畜粪对两种土壤As、Cu和Zn有效性的影响

在水稻土和赤红壤中分别以2%和4%(w/w)比例施入含As、Cu和Zn的鸡粪和猪粪,以不施肥为对照进行苋菜盆栽试验,研究施入粪肥对土壤As、Cu和Zn有效性的影响。结果表明,与对照相比,施用粪肥均提高苋菜生物量,但几乎均显著降低苋菜As、Cu和Zn含量。试验前,赤红壤As、Cu和Zn总含量及有效含量明显低于水稻土,但赤红壤中施用粪肥处理的苋菜As、Cu和Zn含量及As和Zn吸收量均极显著高于水稻土的。苋菜收获后,各处理的土壤As总含量和有效含量均较试验前下降,施用高量鸡粪和猪粪处理的土壤总Cu、总Zn及有效Cu、有效Zn均出现累积。与对照比较,施用粪肥提高了土壤As、Cu和Zn的总含量、有效含量及有效含量占各自总量的百分数。如以土壤重金属有效含量增量及有效百分数增加来衡量粪肥提高土壤重金属有效性作用大小,则鸡粪提高土壤As有效性的作用较猪粪大,但其提高Cu、Zn有效性的作用不如猪粪,且高量粪肥处理较低量处理作用明显,粪肥在赤红壤中提高As、Cu和Zn有效性的作用大于在水稻土中。