凝固型酸豆奶的研制

以大豆为主要原料,对驯化的乳酸菌种进行发酵,制成营养丰富和酸甜适中的酸豆奶。研究大豆的处理方法、菌种的驯化方法和加工工艺及操作要点,得到酸豆奶的发酵条件为:接种量为5%,蔗糖加入量为7%,发酵温度为42℃,发酵时间为4h。     

台湾青枣乳酸发酵饮料的研制

通过单因素试验(青枣果肉添加量、蔗糖添加量、奶粉添加量、接种量、发酵温度和发酵时间)研究青枣发酵饮料的感官品质,通过正交试验,确定台湾青枣发酵饮料的最佳配方为青枣果肉添加量30%,蔗糖添加量10%,奶粉添加量6%;青枣发酵乳酸饮料的最佳发酵工艺为发酵时间35 h,发酵温度30℃,接种量0.25%。     

发酵豆奶加工工艺研究

研究一种嗜好性良好的豆奶制作方法,探讨豆乳与牛奶比、蔗糖添加量、乳酸菌接种量和卡拉胶添加量对发酵酸度和感官总评分的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定的最佳配比为豆乳牛奶比1∶3,蔗糖添加量7%,乳酸菌接种量0.015%,卡拉胶添加量0.1%。在此参数条件下,发酵豆奶的感官评分达91.6分,具有普通发酵酸奶特有的酸甜可口风味,还有特殊的豆香味,组织细腻,质地均匀,无分层,口感好,为其规模化生产提供了依据。     

发酵豆奶加工工艺研究

研究一种嗜好性良好的豆奶制作方法,探讨豆乳与牛奶比、蔗糖添加量、乳酸菌接种量和卡拉胶添加量对发酵酸度和感官总评分的影响。在单因素试验的基础上,通过正交试验确定的最佳配比为豆乳牛奶比1∶3,蔗糖添加量7%,乳酸菌接种量0.015%,卡拉胶添加量0.1%。在此参数条件下,发酵豆奶的感官评分达91.6分,具有普通发酵酸奶特有的酸甜可口风味,还有特殊的豆香味,组织细腻,质地均匀,无分层,口感好,为其规模化生产提供了依据。     

咖啡豆奶的研究

探讨了咖啡豆奶加工工艺,采用感官评定确定了咖啡豆奶的最佳生产条件,结果表明,采用3%的接种量,豆奶发酵最佳条件为:保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌之比为1∶1,乳糖3%,发酵温度为43℃,发酵时间为6h;咖啡豆奶的最佳配方为:酸豆奶55mL,咖啡量0.5g,水45mL;稳定剂的添加量为黄原胶0.05%,羧甲基纤维素钠(CMC-Na)0.1%,海藻酸钠0.01%。     

紫薯金针菇复合保健酸乳发酵工艺优化研究

以紫薯、金针菇和脱脂乳粉为主要原料,添加蔗糖和稳定剂,经乳酸菌发酵,在单因素试验的基础上,进行正交试验优化,研制紫薯金针菇复合酸乳的最佳制备工艺。结果表明,影响紫薯金针菇复合保健酸乳品质的因素主次顺序为:紫薯添加量>蔗糖添加量>金针菇添加量>发酵剂接种量;最优配方及制备工艺条件为:紫薯添加量10%,金针菇添加量15%,蔗糖添加量7%,发酵剂接种量5%,复合稳定剂CMC-Na+海藻酸钠(1∶1)的添加量为0.2%,在42℃温度条件下发酵4 h。制得的紫薯金针菇复合酸乳色泽为均匀一致的紫色,组织细腻、稳定,酸甜适口,具有紫薯和金针菇的清香和奶香味,风味独特,营养丰富,是一种良好的保健酸乳。     

酸豆乳冰淇淋的研制

采用保加利亚乳杆菌和嗜热链球菌,对酸豆乳冰淇淋制备的工艺条件进行了研究。其中对灭酶时间、发酵温度、发酵时间、接种量及冰淇淋的复合乳化稳定剂的添加量进行了单因素实验,并对发酵温度、接种量、发酵时间进行了正交实验,确定酸豆乳冰淇淋制备的最佳工艺条件为:灭酶时间15min,发酵时间6h,发酵温度44℃,接种量5%,复合乳化稳定剂添加量0.3%。     

乳酸菌的分离选育及对樱桃番茄果脯品质的研究

以樱桃番茄自然发酵液和酸奶为原料,通过分离、纯化、产酸量测定、形态学鉴定、生理生化试验等方法,筛选出优质乳酸菌,并在此基础上,深入研究了不同的接种量、不同的发酵时间、不同的发酵温度对樱桃番茄果脯品质的影响。结果表明,共筛选出乳酸菌7株,其中L-5,L-4,L-3在产酸速度、产酸量、耐糖性等方面优于其他的4株菌;这3株菌株中,L-5最好。接种L-5的发酵条件为:接种量为2%,发酵温度40℃,发酵时间15 h,制得的产品色、香、味俱佳。     

巴旦杏乳酸发酵饮料的工艺研究

通过对巴旦杏乳酸发酵饮料工艺条件的研究,确定了最佳工艺参数为：巴旦杏浆与复原脱脂乳配比6：4（v／v）、木糖醇5％、蔗糖1．5％、接种量4％、发酵时间5h;饮料最佳的稳定条件：PGA：CMC—Na（2：1）添加量为0．30％、GMS：SE（3：2）添加量为0．20％、均质压力30MPa、均质温度50℃。     

美式铁盘比萨饼的制作工艺研究

考察了发酵温度、发酵时间、真菌α-淀粉酶和葡萄糖氧化酶对比萨饼品质的影响,以确定比萨饼制作工艺的最佳条件。正交试验结果表明,制作比萨饼的最佳工艺条件:发酵温度为30℃,发酵时间为90 min,真菌α-淀粉酶添加量为4 mg/kg,葡萄糖氧化酶添加量为30 mg/kg。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Evolution under domestication involving disturbance of genic balance

Summary An hypothesis is developed that the rapid change from wild plants into domesticated crops principally involves the selection of alleles with non-functional gene products which leads to reduced control of the highly integrated metabolism and morphogenesis previously accumulated by lengthy natural selection. Such disturbance of the genome produces altered physiological and morphological development which, although deleterious in nature, serves mankind better and has been selected.     

Genetic variation for disease and nematode resistances and forage quality in perennial diploid and tetraploid lucerne populations (Medicago sativa L.)

Summary Twenty-five lucerne populations of the Medicago sativa complex, which were either diploid or tetraploid and wild or cultivated, were analysed for their resistance to four different fungal diseases and to stem nematode. Forage quality, including stem digestibility and saponin content, was also tested.Populations varied in susceptibility to the diseases caused by Colletotrichum trifolii, Verticillium albo-atrum, Sclerotinia trifoliorum and Pseudopezizza medicaginis, and to the nematode Ditylenchus dipsaci. Except for Sclerotinia rot, sativa and falcata subspecies differed in susceptibility, but this grouping of populations did not account for the full range of variation among them. However, the resistance to P. medicaginis was much lower in the sativa than in the falcata populations.Populations also varied significantly in stem fiber content and digestibility. Stem digestibility was negatively correlated to forage yield. Wild sativa and falcata populations had lower fiber content and higher digestibility than cultivated sativa populations. The medicagenic acid was the sapogenin responsible for the anti-nutritional effect of the lucerne measured by the yellow mealworm larvae Tenebrio molitor. The medicagenic acid content was lowest for the pure sativa populations, highest for the pure falcata populations, and intermediate for the French sativa varieties that have some traits originating from falcata germplasm. Some populations could be used in breeding programs to improve disease and nematode resistance, and forage quality.     

Review of Effects of Active Components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on Central Nervous System

In order to explore the pharmacological effects of active components of Gastrodiae Rhizoma on the central nervous system,through consulting related literatures,...     

Effects of Pb on Rhizosphere Soil Enzyme Activity and Chemical Constituents of Achyranthes bidentata Blume

[Objectives]The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of Pb on rhizosphere soil enzyme activity and chemical constituents of Achyranthes bidentat...     

不同P-Zn配比对小麦幼苗微量元素营养的影响

采用了螯合-缓冲营养液培养方法对小麦进行了苗期培养试验,在3个P水平(0,0.6,3.0 mmol/L)和3个Zn水平(0,3,30 μmol/L)的完全组合下对小麦苗期生长及Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养进行了研究,旨在为小麦微肥施用提供理论依据.结果表明,P、Zn的正常供应促进了小麦生长,二者的缺乏与过量均会抑制小麦发育,且这种影响在冠部表现得更为明显.在小麦苗期,Zn与Cu的吸收存在明显的拮抗作用,但供Zn则促进了Zn和Cu的转运,而Mn转运则受到了抑制;过量供Zn时,大量Zn被转运到冠部,同时明显抑制了(Fe+Cu+Mn)的吸收总量;P的供应显著地抑制了Fe的吸收,但P的供应提高了Zn、Cu、Mn的转运率;P、Zn在对Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn间吸收竞争的影响中,Zn本身的影响要比P的影响更为明显,供Zn明显促进了小麦幼苗对Zn的吸收;在小麦幼苗冠部,Zn与Fe的竞争中,供P利于Zn的吸收,缺P则利于Fe的吸收;而Zn与Cu以及Zn与Mn间的竞争中,缺磷时利于Zn的吸收,供磷后则利于Cu和Mn的吸收.总之,小麦幼苗Zn、Fe、Cu、Mn营养中,P、Zn的不同配比会不同程度地改变Zn与Fe、Cu、Mn的协同或拮抗效应.     

Isozyme variation between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes of Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth.

Summary Glycine tabacina (Labill.) Benth. is a wild perennial species related to the cultivated soybean, G. max (L.) Merr. It is composed of diploid (2n=40) and tetraploid (2n=80) cytotypes. Currently, to differentiate the cytotypes, plants are grown out in the greenhouse and chromosome counts made on pollen mother cells. It is a laborious and time consuming process. The objective of this study was to determine whether electrophoretic techniques could be utilized to separate the cytotypes. Electrophoretic examination of seven isozyme systems from seed of 67 G. tabacina accessions revealed banding patterns that could be used to differentiate between diploid and tetraploid cytotypes in the species. Among the tetraploid accessions, the number of bands observed were always greater than the diploids. Some tetraploid banding patterns consisted of bands similar to the diploid tabacina and/or additional bands previously identified in other Glycine species. The patterns of isozyme multiplicity and variation in the tetraploid tabacinas suggests more than one mode of origin for the tetraploids.     

Some physiological and photosynthetic characters of rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids

Summary Some photosynthetic characters as-leaf anatomy, leaf photosynthetic rate and CO₂ compensation pointdistinguishing C₃ and C₄ plants and physiological characters as leaf area ratio, nitrogen content, leaf stem ratio and total shoot-to-root and deep root-to-shoot ratios have been studied in rice × sorghum and rice × wheat hybrids. Rice × sorghum 1. has lower values of photosynthetic rate, leaf nitrogen, total root and deep root-to-shoot ratio and CO₂ compensation point as of rice parent where as, rice × sorghym 2. is superior in all these characters. Both hybrids lack kranz anatomy. Though both rice × sorghum hybrids show characters of C₃ rice plant but rice × sorghum 2. has improved drought tolerance and leaf characters in relation to yield. Rice × wheat hybrid have higher assimilatory area and higher total root-to-shoot ratio. Grains of rice × wheat hybrids are identical to rice grain. However, as grains of rice × wheat hybrid does not contain seed coat, it could be exploited as novel rice germplasm after improvement.Abbreviations T CO₂ compensation point - T21 CO₂ compensation point at 21% O₂ - T2 CO₂ compensation point at 2% O₂ - dR/sR deep Root-to-shoot Ratio - LAR Leaf Area Ratio - CER photosynthetic rate - TR/SR Total Root-to-Shoot Ratio