杏鲍菇冷链综合保鲜技术应用

介绍了我国杏鲍菇工厂化栽培现状、销售方式及存在的问题,综述了真空预冷、防雾薄膜、纳米保鲜薄膜、减压贮藏等技术在杏鲍菇保鲜上的应用,构建了杏鲍菇综合协同保鲜成套技术,以期为杏鲍菇贮藏保鲜提供一定的技术支持。     

减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬保鲜效果的研究

以花王菜等6种蔬菜和苹果为试材,研究减压冷藏技术对鲜切果蔬的保鲜效果。结果表明,减压冷藏处理技术是可应用于鲜切果蔬保鲜的新技术。将果蔬原材料经减压冷藏处理(压力范围为600～3 200 Pa),再清洗切割加工成鲜切产品,可比普通冷藏有效减缓山药、土豆和苹果等鲜切产品的褐变;明显减少鲜切花王菜、鸡毛菜和空心菜的萎蔫、黄叶与腐烂,保持鲜切绿叶菜的新鲜品质;切割前的减压冷藏结合真空预冷,可大大减轻鲜切西兰花的黄化、萎蔫、花粒变大、脱落及切面的褐变与腐烂,显著延长鲜切果蔬的冷藏货架期及冷链断链保鲜期。     

果蔬保鲜与熟食品加工中的真空冷却技术及设备

1真空冷却在果蔬冷链保鲜与熟食品加工中的重要性果蔬冷链保鲜的流程如下：采摘→整理→预冷→冷藏（包括保鲜库、气调库、减压库等）→冷藏运输→超市冷柜→家庭冰箱果蔬采收后依然是有生命的机体。为了维持生命,仍进行着旺盛的呼吸与蒸发,分解和消耗自身的营养,并放出呼吸热。同时,新鲜果蔬采收后还带来了大量田间热,导致鲜度和品质明显下降,     

生鲜农产品减压冷藏链新模式的探讨

现行的生鲜农产品冷藏链是以冷为线,主要将预冷、贮藏、运输、货架等技术设备串接在一起、加上信息化技术形成的链条。随着社会的发展和人们对生鲜农产品品质期望值的提升,现有的冷链面临完善与更新的挑战。减压冷藏技术是近半个世纪发展起来的高新技术,其对生鲜农产品的保鲜效果远远优于现行单纯的冷藏技术。本文探讨将减压冷藏技术应用于现代冷链物流的可行性、必要性与可实现性,并提出生鲜农产品减压冷藏链的新模式。     

预冷方式与贮藏温度对青菜品质变化的影响

对真空预冷后冷藏(2～3℃)青菜、不经预冷处理直接冷藏(2～3℃)青菜和室温(19～21.2℃)放置的青菜3个实验组的品质变化进行分析.试验结果表明,预冷过的青菜在贮藏中的品质降解要小于直接冷藏的青菜.     

真空预冷实验机的数据采集系统与实验研究

近年来,随着高品质新鲜食品需求的增长,真空预冷技术被越来越多地应用到食品保鲜领域中。介绍了上海水产大学绿色冷藏链教学实验中心的真空预冷实验机数据采集系统,并以纯水、卷心菜和青菜作为实验对象,进行初步研究。实验结果表明,实验机的真空箱内极限压力为201.41Pa;蔬菜不同部位的温度下降速度不同;水分含量多、比表面积大和结构松散的蔬菜适合采用真空预冷。该数据采集系统运行正常,满足实验要求。     

鲜切胡萝卜的真空预冷研究

研究了不同切片厚度与预冷终温对鲜切胡萝卜真空预冷效果的影响,分析了经过真空预冷和未经真空预冷的鲜切胡萝卜在贮藏期内的呼吸强度、失重率、色差和硬度的变化。结果表明,鲜切胡萝卜可比完整胡萝卜节省2/3的预冷时间;在切片厚度6 mm和预冷终温6℃时,鲜切胡萝卜的真空预冷效果最佳,失重率为1.3%、芯部温度1.5℃、预冷时间7.3 min。采用真空预冷处理方法可有效抑制鲜切胡萝卜贮藏期内的呼吸强度,降低失重率,保持其较好的感官品质。     

上海地产叶菜真空预冷保鲜效果的研究

为探讨上海地产叶菜真空预冷保鲜的效果,采用实际生产使用的真空预冷设备对沪产生菜和小白菜进行小批量(100 kg/次)的真空预冷保鲜试验,研究预冷过程中叶菜的质量损失、温度随时间的变化情况及相互关系,以及真空预冷后的叶菜在4℃,湿度85%的贮藏条件下,叶菜叶片的含水量、VC含量变化。结果表明,生菜真空预冷至2.5℃和小白菜预冷至2℃,只需12 min,质量损失率分别为1.85%和1.50%;经真空预冷处理后贮藏的生菜和小白菜贮藏品质下降缓慢,组织含水量和VC含量减少受到明显抑制。生菜和小白菜对真空预冷有良好的适应性。     

上海地产叶菜真空预冷保鲜效果的研究

为探讨上海地产叶菜真空预冷保鲜的效果,采用实际生产使用的真空预冷设备对沪产生菜和小白菜进行小批量(100 kg/次)的真空预冷保鲜试验,研究预冷过程中叶菜的质量损失、温度随时间的变化情况及相互关系,以及真空预冷后的叶菜在4℃,湿度85％的贮藏条件下,叶菜叶片的含水量、VC含量变化.结果表明,生菜真空预冷至2.5℃和小白菜预冷至2℃,只需12 min,质量损失率分别为1.85％和1.50％;经真空预冷处理后贮藏的生菜和小白菜贮藏品质下降缓慢,组织含水量和VC含量减少受到明显抑制.生菜和小白菜对真空预冷有良好的适应性.     

我国果蔬冷链发展现状与节能降耗主要途径

阐述了我国发展果蔬冷链的重要意义,指出果蔬冷链的三个主要环节是预冷、冷藏和冷藏运输,介绍了我国果蔬冷链的发展现状,并提出了预冷、冷藏和冷藏运输过程中的主要节能途径。     

Location of a high-lysine gene and the DDT-resistance gene on barley chromosome 7

Summary The high-lysine gene in Risø mutant 1508 conditions an increased lysine content in the endosperm via a changed protein composition, a decreased seed size, and several other characters of the seed. The designation lys3a, lys3b, and lys3c, is proposed for the allelic high-lysine genes in three Risø mutants, nos 1508, 18, and 19. Linkage studies with translocations locate the lys3 locus in the centromere region of chromosome 7. A linkage study involving the loci lys3 and ddt (resistance to DDT) together with the marker loci fs (fragile stem), s (short rachilla hairs), and r (smooth awn) show that the order of the five loci on chromosome 7 from the long to the short chromosome arm is r, s, fs, lys3, ddt. The distance from locus r to locus ddt is about 100 centimorgans.     

Biological Activity and Quantification of Suspected Allelochemicals from Alfalfa Plant Parts

Autotoxicity restricts reseeding of alfalfa (Medicago sativa L.) after alfalfa until autotoxic chemical(s) breaks down or is dispersed into external environments. A series of aqueous extracts from leaves, stems, roots and seeds of alfalfa ‘Vernal’ were bioassayed against alfalfa seedlings of the same cultivar to determine their autotoxicity. The highest inhibition was found in the extracts from the leaves. Extracts at 40 g dry tissue l^?1 from alfalfa leaves were 15.4, 17.5 and 28.7 times more toxic to alfalfa root growth than were those from roots, stems and seeds, respectively. A high‐performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) analysis with nine standard compounds showed that the concentrations and compositions of allelopathic compounds depended on the plant parts. In leaf extracts that showed the most inhibitory effect on root growth, the highest amounts of allelochemicals were detected. Among nine phenolic compounds assayed for their phytotoxicity on root growth of alfalfa, coumarin, trans‐cinnamic acid and o‐coumaric acid at 10^?3 m were most inhibitory. The type and amount of causative allelochemicals found in alfalfa plant parts were highly correlated with the results of the bioassay, indicating that the autotoxic effects of alfalfa plant parts significantly differed.     

Simultaneous Determination of Four Phenolic Acids in Radix Salviae Miltiorrhizae Formula Granules by QAMS

[Objectives]This study aimed to establish a QAMS(quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker)method for simultaneous determination of four phenol...     

Changes in Seed Yield and Quality with Maturity in Onion (Allium cepa L., cv. 'Early Cream Gold')

Development of onion (Allium cepa L., cv. ‘Early Cream Gold’) seed under cool climate conditions in Tasmania, Australia occurred over a longer duration than previously reported, but similar patterns of change in yield components were recorded. In contrast to previous studies, umbel moisture content declined from 85 to 67 % over 57 days while seed moisture content decreased from 85 to 31 %. Seed yield continued to increase over the duration of crop development, with increasing seed weight compensating for seed loss resulting from capsule dehiscence in the later stages of maturation. Germination percentage was high and did not vary significantly from 53 to 77 days after full bloom (DAF), but mean germination time declined and uniformity of germination increased significantly over the same time period. The percentage abnormal seedlings declined with later harvest date, resulting in highest seed quality at 77 DAF. The results of this study suggest that the decision to harvest cool climate onion seed crops before capsule dehiscence will result in a loss of potential seed yield and quality.     

Water Extraction Process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning

[Objectives]To optimize the water extraction process of Chinese Herbal Compound Man Gan Ning and establish a method for its extraction and content determination...     

Present status and future strategy in breeding faba beans (Vicia Faba L.) for resistance to biotic and abiotic stresses

Progress is being made, mainly by ICARDA but also elsewhere, in breeding for resistance to Botrytis, AScochyta, Uromyces, and Orobanche; and some lines have resistance to more than one pathogen. The strategy is to extend multiple resistance but also to seek new and durable forms of resistance. Internationally coordinated programs are needed to maintain the momentum of this work.Tolerance of abiotic stresses leads to types suited to dry or cold environments rather than broad adaptability, but in this cross-pollinated species, the more hybrid vigor expressed by a cultivar, the more it is likely to tolerate various stresses.     

Pollen and pollination experiments. III. The viability of apple and pear pollen as affected by irradiation and storage

Summary Apple and pear pollen was irradiated with doses of 0, 50, 100, 250 and 500 krad (gamma rays) and stored at 4°C and 0–10% r.h. From the in-vitro germination percentages an average LD 50 dose of about 220 krad was estimated. For both irradiated and untreated pollen a close and corresponding lineair relationship existed between germination percentage and pollen tube growth.Irradiated pollen was much more sensitive to dry storage conditions than untreated pollen, resulting in less germination and more bursting. Apparently, irradiation caused the pollen cell membrane to lose its flexibility faster than normal. Rehydration of dry-stored, irradiated pollen in water-saturated air restored germination percentages up to their initial levels. The importance of this procedure in germination trials is stressed.     

Optimization of Extraction Technology and Determination of Content of Total Phenols of Leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms

[Objectives] To determine the optimum extraction technology for total phenols of leaves in Acanthopanax giraldii Harms.[Methods]The single factor test and ortho...     

Cytoplasmic male sterility,resistance to gall mite and mildew,and season of leafing out in black currants

Summary Cytoplasmic male sterility (cms) is described in the F₁ hybrids Ribes × carrierei (R. glutinosum albidum × R. nigrum) and R. sanguineum × R. nigrum. In backcrosses to R. nigrum, progenies with R. glutinosum cytoplasm were either all male sterile, or segregated for full male fertility (F) and complete (S) and partial (I) male sterility. Ratios of F:I+S suggested that two linked genes controlled cms, F plants being dominant for one (Rf ₁) and recessive for the other (Rf ₂).Segregation for cms in relation to three linded genes, Ce (resistance to the gall mite, Cecidophyopsis ribes), Sph ₃(resistance to American gooseberry mildew, Sphaerotheca mors-uvae) and Lf ₁(one of two dominant additive genes controlling early season leafing out) indicated that Rf ₁and Rf ₂were in this linkage group. The gene order and approximate crossover values appeared to be: % MathType!MTEF!2!1!+-% feaafiart1ev1aaatCvAUfeBSjuyZL2yd9gzLbvyNv2CaerbuLwBLn% hiov2DGi1BTfMBaeXafv3ySLgzGmvETj2BSbqef0uAJj3BZ9Mz0bYu% H52CGmvzYLMzaerbd9wDYLwzYbItLDharqqr1ngBPrgifHhDYfgasa% acOqpw0xe9v8qqaqFD0xXdHaVhbbf9v8qqaqFr0xc9pk0xbba9q8Wq% Ffea0-yr0RYxir-Jbba9q8aq0-yq-He9q8qqQ8frFve9Fve9Ff0dme% aabaqaciGacaGaamqadaabaeaafaaakeaacaWGdbGaamyzamaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGWaGaaiOlaiaacgdacaGG0aGaaiiiaiaacc% caaaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaamOuaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaaccdacaGGUaGaaiOmaiaacs% dacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaaaacaWGsbGaamOzaSGa% aGOmaOWaaWaaaeaacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccaaaGaamitaiaadAgaliaaigdakmaamaaa% baGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacc% cacaGGGaGaaiiiaiaacccacaGGGaaaaiaadofacaWGWbGaamiAaSGa% aG4maaaa!6E4D!\[Ce\underline { 0.14 } Rf1\underline { 0.24 } Rf2\underline { } Lf1\underline { } Sph3\]. Crossover values of 0.36 for Ce-Lf ₁, and 0.15 for Lf ₁-Sph ₃were estimated from the relative mean differences in season of leafing out between seedlings dominant and recessive for Ce and Sph ₃.It is suggested that competitive disadvantage of lf ₁-carrying gametes and/or zygotes at low temperatures may be implicated in the almost invariable deficit of plants dominant for the closely linked mildew resistance allele Sph ₃. Poor performance of lf ₁- (and possibly lf ₂-) carrying gametes and young zygotes during periods of low temperature at flowering might also account for the liability of some late season cultivars and selections to premature fruit drop (running off).     

Screening techniques and sources of resistance to parasitic angiosperms

Parasitic angiosperms cause great losses in many important crops under different climatic conditions and soil types. The most widespread and important parasitic angiosperms belong to the genera Orobanche, Striga, and Cuscuta. The most important economical hosts belong to the Poaceae, Asteraceae, Solanaceae, Cucurbitaceae, and Fabaceae. Although some resistant cultivars have been identified in several crops, great gaps exist in our knowledge of the parasites and the genetic basis of the resistance, as well as the availability of in vitro screening techniques. Screening techniques are based on reactions of the host root or foliage. In vitro or greenhouse screening methods based on the reaction of root and/or foliar tissues are usually superior to field screenings and can be used with many species. To utilize them in plant breeding, it is necessary to demonstrate a strong correlation between in vitro and field data. The correlation should be calculated for every environment in which selection is practiced. Using biochemical analysis as a screening technique has had limited success. The reason seems to be the complex host-parasite interactions which lead to germination, rhizotropism, infection, and growth of the parasite. Germination results from chemicals produced by the host. Resistance is only available in a small group of crops. Resistance has been found in cultivated, primitive and wild forms, depending on the specific host-parasite system. An additional problem is the existence of pathotypes in the parasites. Inheritance of host resistance is usually polygenic and its transfer is slow and tedious. Molecular techniques have yet to be used to locate resistance to parasitic angiosperms. While intensifying the search for genes that control resistance to specific parasitic angiosperms, the best strategy to screen for resistance is to improve the already existing in vitro or greenhouse screening techniques.