犬逆行性膀胱尿道造影及其影像学观察

X线造影技术在兽医临床上是一种重要的检查手段,能够为诊断提供直观的依据。为探索逆行性膀胱尿道造影技术在小动物临床诊断检查的应用,积累相关资料,观察膀胱和尿道的影像,为临床上提供一些经验。在实验中选用了4只体重为10kg左右的健康家犬(公),经尿道插管注入10mL浓度为60%的复方泛影葡胺进行了逆行性膀胱造影。结果表明,尿道和膀胱的影像与周围组织有良好的对比度,能清楚地显示膀胱及尿道的形态大小、解剖位置、与周围组织的关系。     

泛影葡胺在犬子宫输卵管造影中的应用

本文探讨了采用复方泛影葡胺对犬子宫输卵管造影影像形成的最佳药物剂量及摄片时间。结果表明,犬子宫输卵管造影时复方泛影葡胺的最佳使用剂量为0.2 mg/kg体重,注入造影剂后的最佳摄片时间为0⁵ min。     

泛影葡胺和碘海醇用于犬静脉尿路造影的效果观察

旨在研究泛影葡胺和碘海醇对犬静脉尿路造影和尿道逆行造影的效果。选取4只犬,其中2只每千克体重分别静脉注射270、320、370和420 mg 4个剂量的76%复方泛影葡胺静脉尿路造影,另2只每千克体重分别静脉注射320、370和420 mg 3个剂量的30%碘海醇肾盂造影,注射后11个时间点摄片,多次循环试验。结果:76%复方泛影葡胺静脉尿路造影,以270 mg/kg剂量的效果最差,肾脏和输尿管均未显影;320 mg/kg仅一侧肾脏和输尿管显影,370 mg/kg和420 mg/kg 2个剂量肾脏和输尿管显影均清晰,尤以420 mg/kg显影最快。碘海醇造影以420 mg/kg的剂量效果最好,肾盂、输尿管结构清晰,其余2个剂量显影效果较差。     

改良腹部压迫法行中小型犬排泄性尿路造影的探讨

排泄性尿路造影又称为静脉肾盂造影(IVP),是一种应用水溶性含碘造影剂对泌尿器官进行连续性造影增强的X线检查方法,临床广泛用于宠物泌尿道结石、肾及膀胱炎、泌尿道肿物等疾病的诊断。而在犬排泄性尿路造影检查过程中,有效减缓或阻     

一例犬膀胱破裂的诊治体会

文章以因车祸导致的犬膀胱破裂的诊断与治疗为例,对该犬进行常规及主要器官功能是否受损进行检查.文章对常规膀胱破裂进行修补手术治疗,对预留导尿管围手术期管理时的重点注意事项进行总结.文章通过复方泛影葡胺注射液对该对照犬进行排泄性造影检查,进一步讨论2种方法的特点.文章为泌尿系统造影检查的病例提供参考.     

腹部压迫法配合泛影葡胺用于犬静脉尿路造影效果的探讨

为了提高犬静脉尿路造影效果,试验采用腹部髂骨前缘安置血压计气袋的腹部压迫法同时以低剂量(1 mL/kg,对照组)、中剂量(2 mL/kg,试验Ⅰ组)和高剂量(3 mL/kg,试验Ⅱ组)60%泛影葡胺经前肢静脉对犬进行尿路造影,并分别对造影效果、肝脏和肾脏的安全性与尿液成分进行评估。结果表明：对照组造影检查双肾实质轮廓辨识度低,肾盂影像不清晰;造影检查后48小时检查肝脏和肾脏功能及尿液各指标与造影前比较均差异不显著(P>0.05)。试验Ⅰ组造影检查后3～30 min可逐一清晰显示双肾、肾盂、输尿管影像;与造影前比较,造影检查后48小时血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)、天门冬氨酸氨基转移酶(AST)活性及肌酐(CREA)、尿素(UREA)含量均显著升高(P<0.05),尿液中尿蛋白(PRO)与尿胆素(BIL)显著或极显著升高(P<0.05或P<0.01)。试验Ⅱ组造影检查后3～30 min可以逐一清晰显示双肾实质、肾盂、输尿管及膀胱影像;造影检查后48小时与造影前比较,血清ALT、CREA、UREA均极显著升高(P<0.01),AST显著升高(P<0.0...     

碳酸饮料在犬消化造影中的应用

为了探究利用碳酸饮料在宠物造影技术中的可行性,选择5只金毛犬,分别采用不同浓度的可口可乐饮料与6～8 mL/kg硫酸钡干混悬剂配合进行消化道双重造影检查.结果表明,只要掌握好碳酸饮料和造影剂的用量,造影结果优于传统的检查方法,产生的影像最为清晰,诊断意义最大,且试验动物未发生不良症状,说明碳酸饮料可作为犬上消化道造影检...     

犬排泄性尿路X线造影检查方法的研究

为探讨犬尿路Ｘ线造影检查的最佳途径及阐述造影影像与脏器部分生理功能之间的关系,按照自身循环对照设计法对５只本地杂交犬进行了不同的辅助方法及条件下的排泄性尿路造影。用双盲法进行读片,结果表明,通过循环试验获得的投照条件表可用于各项造影检查,并取得满意效果。运用低张法更清楚地显示肾盂,输尿管及膀胱结构;低张法造影可代替加压法造影以减少压迫程序和动物的痛苦;术前进行饮食节制,缓泻剂及生理盐水灌肠代替肥皂     

犬消化道异物梗阻的诊疗体会

犬消化道异物梗阻是宠物临床中常见的一种消化系统疾病,但容易出现漏诊或误诊,延误治疗。食道段梗阻往往发生于采食异物后,早期有食欲,但吞咽困难,采食后很快返流,随病程延长犬食欲废绝;胃肠段梗阻主要表现食欲废绝、呕吐、不排便或者排少量稀便。犬消化道异物梗阻的确诊需要在临床检查基础上,经X线平片或者造影检查而确诊,一旦确诊要及时进行手术解除梗阻。     

犬胆囊X线造影检查方法的研究

为探讨犬胆囊和胆管Ｘ线造影检查的最佳途径及阐述造影影象与脏器部分生理功能之间的关系，按照自身循环对照设计对５只犬采用口服法及静脉注射法胆囊造影；用双盲法进行读片。结果表明，通过循环试验获得的投照条件表可用于各项造影检查，并取得满意效果。口服碘番酸法胆囊造影更好地显示了胆囊结构；而静脉注射胆影葡胺胆各级党委诮晚清楚地显示了胆道系统影像；运用盐酸山莨菪碱（６５４－２）可延迟胆管、胆囊显影时间，但使胆管     

犬消化道X线造影检查

为探讨犬消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查的最佳途径，以及造影影像与胃肠部分生理功能之间的关系，按照自身循环对照设计法，对 ５ 只本地杂交犬进行了消化道 Ｘ 线造影检查。在试验中进行了不同辅助方法及条件下全消化道常规造影、胃气钡双重造影、全消化道快速造影、结肠钡灌肠常规造影及结肠气钡双重造影。用双盲法进行读片。结果，消化道常规造影检查与其他各项消化道特殊造影检查各具优缺点；一次性注入钡剂进行全消化道常规造影检查、低张造影检查、气钡双重造影检查具有良好的可行性。     

Radiographic assessment of laryngeal reflexes in ketamine-anesthetized cats

The competence of the laryngeal closure reflexes of cats anesthetized with ketamine was assessed. Radiographic evaluations of the respiratory and digestive tracts were made after colloidal barium suspension was instilled into the pharynges of conscious and ketamine-anesthetized cats. There was a significant ketamine dose-related response of spread of contrast medium into the supraglottic laryngeal area and into the stomach 2 minutes after contrast medium was instilled into the pharynx (P less than 0.05). Cats did not aspirate contrast medium into the lower respiratory tract. Three ketamine-anesthetized cats aspirated contrast medium into the subglottic area of the larynx, and 2 of these cats also aspirated the material into the cranial part of the trachea. This material was coughed up and swallowed within 5 minutes. Transit time of contrast medium into the stomach seemed to be increased in 11 of the 15 cats given the larger dosages of ketamine (24, 36, 48 mg/kg of body weight), compared with that in conscious cats and those given ketamine at 12 mg/kg. Competent laryngeal protective reflexes in cats can be maintained with ketamine anesthesia. Contrast radiography could be used as a diagnostic aid in ketamine-anesthetized cats suspected of laryngeal reflex abnormalities.     

Intrapelvic Urethral Anastomosis A Comparison of Three Techniques

Three intrapelvic urethral anastomosis techniques were performed on 12 mature male dogs to compare the degree of stricture. The intrapelvic urethra was transected 1 cm caudal to the prostate, and anastomosis was performed using either suturing of the urethra over an indwelling catheter, suturing of the urethra without an indwelling catheter, or apposition of the urethra without sutures over an indwelling catheter. Postoperatively, the dogs were evaluated using clinical urination patterns, biochemical tests, radiography, and pathology. Three of four suture-catheter dogs and one of four catheter-only dogs had normal urinary patterns. Stricture (25-84%) with urethral dilation or fistulas tracts was visible on retrograde, positive contrast urethrograms of 3 of 12 intact dogs 20 weeks after surgery, and on all 12 excised lower urinary tracts. Suture-catheter dogs subjectively had the least amount of stricture. All eight dogs (1 suture-catheter dog, 4 suture-only dogs, and 3 catheter-only dogs) with severe stricture (greater than 60% lumen diameter reduction) had histopathologic signs of chronic, inflammatory urinary tract disease, including four with chronic, ascending lymphocytic pyelonephritis. Hydroureter and hydronephrosis developed in two catheter-only dogs. Complete urethral transection resulted in some degree of stricture, regardless of technique used for anastomosis. Urethral anastomosis over an indwelling catheter appeared to result in a lesser degree of stricture and clinical and histopathologic derangement.     

LYMPHOMA AFFECTING THE URINARY BLADDER IN THREE DOGS AND A CAT

Three dogs and one cat with lymphoma affecting the urinary bladder are reported and the findings on abdominal radiographs and ultrasound are described. Mural lesions representing lymphoma affecting the urinary bladder were identified ultrasonographically in all animals. The most common complications associated with urinary bladder lymphoma were hydronephrosis and hydroureter. In two patients contrast radiography was necessary to detect leakage of urine in the peritoneal and retroperitoneal space. The radiographic and ultrasonographic signs were similar to those reported with other urinary bladder neoplasms; hence urinary bladder lymphoma could not be distinguished from the more common urinary bladder neoplasms, such as transitional cell carcinoma. It is important to include lymphoma in the differential diagnosis of urinary bladder wall thickening and mural mass in dogs and cats.     

Radiological Observations of the Thorax and Abdomen of the Piglet

A contrast radiographic study of the urinary and gastrointestinal system was carried out in 43 animals, with the aid of barium sulfate, orally for esophageal, stomach, small intestine and large intestine studies; barium sulfate as an enema to complete the large intestine studies; sodium and meglumine diatrizoate intravenously for urography and iodipamide meglumine intravenously for cholecystography. Both unanesthetized and anesthetized or tranquilized animals were used in the study. The results of the study are illustrated, and contrasted with studies of a similar nature in other animals.     

Phase II Clinical Trial of Carboplatin in Canine Transitional Cell Carcinoma of the Urinary Bladder

Fourteen dogs with histologically-confirmed transitional cell carcinoma (TCC) of the urinary bladder were treated with 300 mg/m² carboplatin every 3 weeks. Response to therapy was assessed with abdominal radiography, double contrast cystography, urinary bladder ultrasonography and thoracic radiography before therapy and at 6–week intervals during therapy. Dogs were monitored for hematologic toxicity with a CBC and platelet count performed immediately before and 10 to 14 days after carboplatin treatment. Tumor responses included progressive disease in 11 dogs and stable disease in 1 dog. Two dogs were euthanized due to carboplatin toxicity before assessment of tumor response. Toxicity included thrombocytopenia with or without neutropenia in 7 dogs and gastrointestinal toxicity in 6 dogs. Carboplatin therapy was not beneficial in the treatment of TCC in the 14 dogs in this study.     

ULTRASONOGRAPHIC FINDINGS IN 14 DOGS WITH ECTOPIC URETER

To evaluate ultrasonography as an alternative to contrast radiography for diagnosis of ectopic ureter in dogs, ultrasonography of the urinary tract was performed prospectively in a series of urinary incontinent dogs anesthetized for contrast radiography. Fourteen dogs had ectopic ureter based on surgical, necropsy or unequivocal contrast radiographic findings. There were eight females and six males of a variety of breeds; five were Labrador retrievers. Mean (range) age at the time of diagnosis was 1.2 (0.2–4) years for females and 3.5 (0.3–5) for males (p < 0.05). Ectopic ureters were unilateral in five dogs (2 left; 3 right) and bilateral in nine dogs. Both ultrasound images and contrast radiographs were positive for 21 (91%) ectopic ureters; the same two ectopic ureters were not detected using either modality. The termination of each of the five normal ureters was visible on ultrasound images; two (40%) were visible on radiographs. Other ultrasonographic findings included dilatation of the ectopic ureter and/or ipsilateral renal pelvis in ten (43%) instances, evidence of pyelonephritis in two dogs (with enlargement of the contralateral kidney in one dog), and urethral diverticuli in one dog. Ultrasonography is a practical diagnostic test for ectopic ureter in dogs. In this series there was close correlation between the ultrasonographic and contrast radiographic findings for each ectopic ureter, but ultrasonography enabled more accurate determination of normal ureteral anatomy.     

IMAGING ASSESSMENT OF THE MODIFIED DOUBLE CONTRAST BARIUM ENEMA USING CARBOXYMETHYLCELLULOSE ON RADIOGRAPHY AND ULTRASONOGRAPHY IN DOGS

A modified double contrast barium enema using carboxymethylcellulose was evaluated in beagle dogs and compared with dogs receiving a conventional barium enema. The experimental group was divided into three groups (1, 2, and 3) and given 30 ml/kg of different volume ratios of a barium vs. carboxymethylcellulose mixture. Each group underwent sonography following radiography. The volume ratio of one part barium to three parts carboxymethylcellulose was judged to be the optimal mixture, resulting in a general distribution of contrast and bowel radiolucency on radiographs and adequate postradiography sonography. The modified barium enema using carboxymethylcellulose is useful for assessing the general morphology and mucosal layers of the colon simultaneously on radiographs and ultrasonographs.