狐狸传染性肝炎的诊治

目前我国各地养狐场常发生传染性肝炎,是犬的病毒性传染病。除犬外还发生于北极狐、彩狐、银黑狐,本病最早发现于狐(流行性脑炎),曾认为是沙门氏菌病的类型,1930年才确定其病原为1种病毒,并可传染犬狐。1949年证明传染性肝炎和狐流行性脑炎病原是同1种病毒,在病毒分类上属于腺病     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的检测方法

1乳汁病原微生物检查 隐性乳房炎由多种非特定的病原微生物引起,如细菌、真菌、病毒、支原体等。通常主要的病原是链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠埃希菌和支原体。链球菌属、金黄色葡萄球菌占病原菌的90%~95%。有些病原菌虽存在于乳房内,但不一定致病。因此,仅仅依据乳汁中有无病原菌进行诊断不可靠,只能根据检出病原菌的种类、数量作出初步的诊断。     

狐胃肠炎的诊断及防治

１９９７年１２月初，兰州某狐场大批银狐和雪狐同时暴发胃肠炎，全场６００多只狐中有１０只急性发作，表现呕吐腹泻，１２ｈ后有３只死亡，全群发病率高达８７％。发病动物以庆大霉素治疗无效。对饲料等方面分析后，从发病狐直肠和呕吐物中取样，作病原检测。１　临诊症状及剖检变化病狐厌食，精神萎顿，以呕吐、腹泻为主要特征，体温变化不明显。死狐剖检胃部多处溃疡，肠道积液，肠壁变薄，肠系膜淋巴节肿大。２　病原微生物检验２１　电镜观察　以肝、脾和肠内容物研磨、离心制病毒检测样，透射电镜（５００００ｘ）无病毒颗粒。２…     

狐脑炎研究简报

狐脑炎最先为 Rubarth 所描述,故又称罗巴斯病。1949年 Siedentopf 等证明,犬传染性肝炎和狐脑炎的病原为同一种病毒。1959年 Kapsenbeg 分得此种病毒,并证明为动物腺病毒。本病广泛地流行于欧洲和北美,并已传到世界其他地区。近年来,随着养狐业的发展,狐脑炎在我国部分狐场中也开始出现。病狐呈急性脑炎症状,突然发生兴奋,盲目地来回走动,进而出现一肢、后躯或全身麻痹,或急剧地痉挛抽搐,很块死亡,死亡率达40%。现将我们对本病的初步研究情况简报为下。一、病原研究:应用犬肾传代细胞(MDCK)从某狐场送检的5只死亡狐病料中分离出2株腺病毒,经初步鉴定,     

怎样防治幼狐胃肠机能紊乱综合征和胃肠炎

<正>1胃肠机能紊乱综合征哺乳期狐消化不良,乃是原因不明的胃肠机能紊乱综合征。一般消化不良主要发生于出生后1周以内的仔狐。致病原因主要是由于母狐肠道疾病或乳腺疾病;用劣质饲料饲喂泌乳期母狐;小室潮湿,不卫生,垫草缺乏;母乳为病原菌所感染或母狐乳房被污染。幼狐的胃肠消化机能是不健全的,在有害食物的作用下     

蓝狐疥螨病的防治经过

蓝狐疥螨病是由疥螨寄生蓝狐体表所引起的慢性皮肤病。患狐多表现剧痒及皮肤发炎。狐场一旦蔓延疥螨病,将会造成重大经济损失。 １、发病情况：阳原县东堡乡某狐场饲养种狐２０只,幼狐４０只。其中某整窝幼狐在即将断奶之时与母狐皆发生以剧岸和皮炎为特征的疾病。根据临床症状和镜检,确诊为蓝狐疥螨病。发病狐共９只,由于隔离治疗及时未发生蔓延和死亡。 ２、病原及发病机理：疥螨钻进狐表皮挖凿隧道,虫体在其中发育繁殖。隧道中每隔相当距离有一小孔与外界相通,以供通气和幼虫出人之用。雌虫在隧道内产卵,孵出幼虫爬到皮肤表面,在…     

奶牛隐性乳房炎的检测

隐性乳房炎是在临床中发病率较高,主要症状是产奶量下降,给奶牛生产带来巨大的经济损失.因其无临床症状,临床难以发现,只能借助辅助检查才能诊断.目前,检测奶牛隐性乳房炎的方法主要有乳汁病原微生物检测法、乳汁体细胞检测法、化学检测法和物理学检测法等几种. 1 乳汁病原微生物检测法 隐性乳房炎由多种非特定的病原微生物引起,通过对乳汁中病原菌分离培养,根据革兰氏染色特性、生长情况和菌落形态进行初步鉴定,然后再分别按病原的相应鉴定程序进行生化鉴定,有些病原菌虽经常存在于乳房内,但不一定引起隐性乳房炎.因此,仅仅依据乳汁中有无病原菌进行诊断不可靠,只能根据检出病原菌的种类、数量做出初步的诊断.     

蓝狐化脓性子宫内膜炎的诊断与防治

通过对 4起蓝狐化脓性子宫内膜炎的临床症状、病理变化 ,进行病理学观察和病原分析 ,提出该病诊断要点和合理的防治方案。     

应用氨青霉素干糖浆治疗狐的肠炎

随着市场经济的发展,经济动物狐的饲养越来越受到人们的重视,但在饲养过程中,肠炎往往是狐的易发疾病。通过治疗探索、我们采用人用“氨(艹卡)青霉素干糖浆”进行预防和治疗收到良好的效果,现报道如下: 病因:主要是饲养管理不当,饲料霉变,饲料中脂肪和纤维物质配比失调及病原微生物的感染等。     

北极狐嗜水气单胞菌的分离与鉴定

从北极狐脏器中分离到一种革兰氏阴性杆菌 ,经培养特征、形态、生理生化、致病力测定及药敏试验证实为嗜水气单胞菌 ,确定该菌为引起狐致死的病原菌     

牦牛瘤胃内饲料蛋白质降解率的研究

用瘤胃尼龙袋技术测定了１１种常见饲料在牦牛瘤胃内的降解率。根据饲养水平,瘤胃食糜的外流速度估计为０．０６７／ｈ。测定结果表明,玉米、豌豆秸粉、菜籽饼、豌豆、鱼粉、曲拉、肉骨粉、青稞、甲醛鱼粉、甲醛菜籽饼和麸皮的粗蛋白（ＣＰ）降解率分别为０．６８、０．５６、０．４４、０．８５、０．４９、０．５５、０．８１、０,８３、０．３８、０,４８和０．７９,干物质（ＤＭ）降解率依次为０．６８、０．３０、０．４９、０．７３、０．５０、０,５４、０,５９、０．８２、０．３２、０．４９和０．７４。     

Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma

Abstract This paper is a review of commonly used topical antibacterial medications: benzoyl peroxide, chlorhexidine, povidone iodine, ethyl lactate, triclosan, mupirocin, neomycin, polymyxin B, bacitracin and fusidic acid. Included is a review of the pharmacokinetics, modes of action, adverse effects and clinical uses in veterinary dermatology. General recommendations for topical antibacterial therapy are presented. Résumé— Cet article est une revue des topiques antibactériens les plus couramment utilisés: peroxyde de benzoyle, chlorhexidine, povidone iodée, lactate d'éthyle, triclosan, mupirocine, néomycine, polymyxine B, bacitracine et acide fucidique. Il inclut notamment une revue des pharmacocinétiques, des modes d'action, des effets secondaires et des indications thérapeutiques de ces produits en dermatologie vétérinaire. Les indications générales du traitement topique antibactérien sont présentées. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Traitement topique des pyodermites canines et félines). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Resumen Este articulo es una revisión de los productos tópicos antibacterianos más frecuentemente utilizados: peróxido de benzoilo, clorhexidina, povidona yodada, etillactato, triclosan, mupirocina, neomicina, polimixina B, bacitracina y ácido fusidico. Se incluye una revisión de la farmacocinética, mecanismos de acción, efectos colaterales y sus usos clínicos en dermatologia veterinaria. Se presentan recomendaciones generales para la terapia antibacteriana tópica. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma. (Tratamiento topico de la pioderma canina y felina). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.] Zusammenfassung— Diese Veröffentlichung besteht in einer Übersicht von häufig verwendeten topischen antibakteriellen Arzneimitteln: Benzoylperoxid, Chlorhexidin, Povidon-Jod, Ethyllaktat, Triklosan, Mupirocin, Neomycin, Polymyxin B, Bacitracin und Fusidinsäure. Mit eingeschlossen ist eine Übersicht über Pharmakokinetik, Wirkungsweise, Nebenwirkungen und klinische Anwendung in der Veterinärdermatologie. Allgemeine Empfehlungen für die lokale antibakterielle Therapie werden dargestellt. [Guaguere, E. Topical treatment of canine and feline pyoderma (Lokale Behandlung von kaninen und felinen Pyodermien). Veterinary Dermatology 1996; 7 : 145–151.]     

犬瘟热,细小病毒,腺病毒三联弱毒疫苗的研究

以犬瘟热（ＣＤＶＡ）、猫细小病毒（ＦＰＶ）、犬腺病毒（ＣＡＶ１）三个弱毒株为毒种,用ＳＰＦ鸡胚成纤维细胞、ＣＲＦＫ细胞、ＭＤＣＫ细胞分别增毒制苗,按一定比例与冻干保护剂混合,经冻干工艺精制成冻干三联弱毒疫苗。试验对制苗工艺参数、半成品与成品的检验、疫苗的安全性与免疫原性、疫苗的临床应用等内容进行了研究。结果显示：三联苗对犬、貉、狐等动物预防三种病毒性传染病效果显著。     

Effect of age on serum chemistry profile, electrophoresis and thyroid hormones in beagle dogs two weeks to one year of age

Chemistry tests were conducted on serum from young Beagle dogs in order to deter mine the effect of age on these parameters. Blood was collected at regular intervals from 25 normal Beagle puppies (13 males and 12 females) at ages ranging from 2 weeks to 12 months. Serum chemistry profiles, protein electrophoresis and radioimmunoassays for thyroxine and triiodothyronine were included. Rapidly changing age related differences were observed in several parameters. Urea nitrogen, cholesterol, triglycerides, lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, glucose, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, and total bilirubin values were elevated early in life, and decreased during the first 6 to 8 weeks, while alanine aminotransferase activity was low initially and increased during this period. Lactate dehydrogenase, thyroxine, gamma glutamyl transpeptidase, total bilirubin and alanine aminotransferase attained stability by 3 months, but the remaining parameters showed slight changes subsequently, gradually approaching adult values. More gradual age related changes were observed in other parameters. These included alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus and calcium values, which were higher in younger dogs, and creatinine, aspartate aminotransferase and total protein values, which were lower in younger dogs. Creatinine and aspartate aminotransferase values were stable by approximately 6 months; alkaline phosphatase, inorganic phosphorus, calcium and total protein values continued to change gradually up to 1 year.     

An evaluation of pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses

Objective Evaluation of five pulse oximeters in dogs, cats and horses with sensors placed at five sites and hemoglobin saturation at three plateaus. Study design Prospective randomized multispecies experimental trial. Animals Five healthy dogs, cats and horses. Methods Animals were anesthetized and instrumented with ECG leads and arterial catheters. Five pulse oximeters (Nellcor Puritan Bennett‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and Surgi‐Vet V3304) with sensors at five sites were studied in a 5 × 5 Latin square design. Ten readings (SpO₂) were taken at each of three hemoglobin saturation plateaus (98, 85 and 72%) in each animal. Arterial samples were drawn concurrently and hemoglobin saturation was measured with a co‐oximeter. Accuracy of saturation measurements was calculated as the root mean squared difference (RMSD), a composite of bias and precision, for each model tested in each species. Results Accuracy varied widely. In dogs, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.7, 2.2, 2.4, 1.7 and 2.7% respectively. Failure to produce readings for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 0, 0, 0.7, 0, and 20%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, toe, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.95, 0.97, 0.69, 0.87 and 0.95, respectively. In horses, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 3.1, 3.0, 4.7, 3.3 and 2.1%, respectively while rates of failure to produce readings were 10, 21, 0, 17 and 60%, respectively. The Pearson correlation coefficients for the tongue, nostril, ear, lip and prepuce or vulva were 0.98, 0.94, 0.88, 0.93 and 0.94, respectively. In cats, the RMSD for all data for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 5.9, 5.6, 7.9, 7.9 and 10.7%, respectively while failure rates were 0, 0.7, 0, 20 and 32%, respectively. The correlation coefficients for the tongue, rear paw, ear, lip and front paw were 0.54, 0.79,.0.64, 0.49 and 0.57, respectively. For saturations above 90% in cats, the RMSD for the NPB‐395, NPB‐190, NPB‐290, NPB‐40 and V3304 were 2.6, 4.4, 4.0, 3.5 and 4.8%, respectively, while failure rates were 0, 1.7, 0, 25 and 43%, respectively. Conclusions and clinical relevance Accuracy and failure rates (failure to produce a reading) varied widely from model to model and from species to species. Generally, among the models tested in the clinically relevant range (90–100%) RMSD ranged from 2–5% while failure rates were highest in the V3304.     

MENISCAL OSSICLES IN LARGE NON-DOMESTIC CATS

Radiographs of the stifles of 6 species of 34 large, non-domestic cats were reviewed foremost for the presence of meniscal ossicles and then for the presence of the other potential four sesamoids. The animals in the review included 12 lions, 7 tigers, 7 cougars, 3 leopards, 3 bobcats, and 2 jaguars. Fluoroscopy, arthrography, computed tomography, necropsy, and histology were also used to evaluate the stifles of one tiger after euthanasia. Ossicles were found in the region of the cranial horn of the medial meniscus in most of the lions, tigers, leopards, and jaguars. These ossicles were found in half of the cougars but in none of the bobcats. Among the large, non-domestic cats, meniscal ossicles had been reported previously only in Bengal tigers. The lions, tigers, and leopards having meniscal ossicles appeared to have a lateral but often not a medial fabella of the gastrocnemius muscle, an observation previously unreported. Popliteal sesamoids and patellas were present in all the skeletally mature cats.     

犬常见肿瘤流行病学调查及组织病理学诊断

为探讨犬常见肿瘤的发病规律，试验收集哈尔滨地区2016-2017年宠物医院部分犬肿瘤病例71例，采用组织病理学方法对犬肿瘤进行病理学诊断，并对患病动物的品种、性别、年龄、发生部位和饮食情况与肿瘤发生关系进行统计分析。结果显示，71例确诊肿瘤病例中，恶性肿瘤28例，包括鳞状上皮细胞癌3例，基底细胞癌5例，乳腺癌14例，淋巴瘤2例，肾母细胞瘤、精原细胞癌、生殖细胞癌、侵袭性血管黏液瘤各1例；良性肿瘤43例，包括良性乳腺肿瘤15例，纤维瘤10例，平滑肌瘤5例，乳头状瘤和精原细胞瘤各3例，造釉细胞瘤、耵聍腺瘤、脂肪瘤、结节样增生、性索间质细胞瘤、颗粒细胞瘤、肛周腺瘤各1例。上述病例中，乳腺和皮肤是犬肿瘤的高发部位，分别占全部患犬的40.8%和34.0%；患病犬年龄1~16岁不等，平均发病年龄为9.1岁，7岁以后是肿瘤的高发期，中老年犬仍为主要发病群体，但低龄犬发病数量上升；各品种犬均可发生肿瘤，其中杂种犬发病率最高，其次是贵宾犬和京巴犬，且主要为乳腺肿瘤；饮食习惯主要以剩饭剩菜类和肉拌饭类为主，分别占患犬总数的39%和30%；部分肿瘤类型与犬的性别、是否绝育有关，如乳腺肿瘤多发生于未绝育的老年母犬。本研究结果为犬肿瘤的流行病学及诊断提供了参考依据，对犬肿瘤的预防和诊断有一定的借鉴意义。     

MAGNETIC RESONANCE IMAGING OF THE BRAIN AND COELOMIC CAVITY OF THE DOMESTIC PIGEON (Columba livia domestica)

The technical feasibility of performing magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in domestic pigeons was investigated. Imaging was performed with a 1.5 Tesla magnet using a human knee surface coil. The head and coelomic cavity of isoflurane-anesthetized birds were imaged in the dorsal, sagittal, and transverse planes to produce T1-weighted, T2-weighted, and contrast-enhanced T1-weighted images. The birds were then euthanatized, formalin perfused, frozen, and sectioned in the corresponding anatomic planes. The anatomy defined by MRI was correlated with gross anatomic sections made from the same birds. The following CNS structures were identified: cerebral hemispheres, cerebellum, optic chiasm, optic lobes, brain stem, and cranial spinal cord. The cornea, lens, and vitreous were also well differentiated in dorsal section MRI's. The abdominal organs identified included proventriculus, ventriculus, intestines, cloaca, liver, kidneys, spleen, testes, and ovary. The hepatic and renal vasculature were well defined.     

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis

Equine odontoclastic tooth resorption and hypercementosis (EOTRH) is a progressive and painful disease syndrome that affects aged horses. It affects incisor, canine and infrequently cheek teeth, and is characterised by gingival inflammation, oedema and recession, calculus deposition, feed accumulation, subgingival swellings with or without associated draining tracts, bulbous enlargement of teeth, tooth mobility, associated periodontal disease, tooth fracture and/or tooth loss. The aetiology of EOTRH is likely to be multi‐factorial. However, histopathological findings consistently suggest an aetiological contribution of initial biomechanical stresses and strains, followed by secondary involvement of micro‐organisms. Diagnosis is based on clinical presentation, age and radiographic changes including lytic changes, widening or loss of the periodontal ligament, hypercementosis, tooth fracture and alveolar bone loss. Treatment of EOTRH is not currently possible, but the condition can be managed to some degree, quite successfully for many years in some cases. However, the disease is progressive and invariably results in extraction of the tooth or teeth involved. The prognosis is most probably guarded at best and poor in most cases; however, complete removal of affected teeth carries a good prognosis for an improved quality of life in the short to medium term.     

Clinical, biochemical, and hematological characteristics, disease prevalence, and prognosis of dogs presenting with neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity

Neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity is manifested as an abnormality in cell size or the cytoplasmic content upon examination of Romanowsky-stained blood smears, and is traditionally associated with infection and inflammation. The purpose of this retrospective study was to investigate the association of such changes with clinical and clinicopathologic characteristics, diseases, and prognoses in dogs. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity (n = 248) were compared with negative controls (n = 248). Statistical analyses included chi-square tests, independent t-tests, nonparametric Mann-Whitney tests, the chi-square trend test, and survival analysis. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly higher prevalence of pale mucous membranes, tachycardia, fever, abdominal organomegaly, icterus, melena, and hematuria. Most mean hematologic variables were significantly different between groups. Dogs with neutrophil toxicity had a significantly (P < .05) higher prevalence of leukocytosis, leukopenia, neutrophilia, neutropenia, anemia, hyponatremia, hypokalemia, hypoproteinemia, hypoalbuminemia, and hypocalcemia. The prevalence of pyometra, parvovirus infection, acute renal failure, peritonitis, immune-mediated hemolytic anemia, disseminated intravascular coagulation, pancreatitis, septicemia, and neoplastic disorders was significantly higher among these dogs. Case fatality, hospitalization length, and treatment cost were significantly (P < .001) higher in dogs with neutrophil toxicity. Neutrophil toxicity severity was significantly (P < .0035) and positively associated with neutropenia, and negatively associated with leukocytosis and neutrophilia. A significant trend (P = .05) toward increasing case fatality with an increase of neutrophil toxicity was observed. In the neutrophil toxicity group, dogs with leukopenia (<5.0 X 10(3)/mm3) had a significantly (P < .0001) higher case fatality compared to dogs with normal or high leukocyte counts. We conclude that evaluation of blood smears for neutrophil cytoplasmic toxicity provides useful clinical information and can serve as a good prognostic predictor.