氮肥运筹对苏啤3号苗情及穗粒结构的影响

为研究苏啤3号高产栽培前后期施氮比例对苗情及产量的影响,明确大面积生产中适宜的基追肥比例,特进行苏啤3号氮肥运筹试验。1材料与方法1·1基本情况本试验在伍佑镇新河六组一农户责任田中实施。试验地前茬水稻,砂壤土,肥力中等。11月4日播种,人工条播,行距20 cm1·2试验设计试验按氮肥基追比例的不同,设六个处理:A、基:追肥=5∶5;B、基肥:追肥=5·5∶4·5;C、基肥:追肥=6·5∶4;D、基肥:追肥=6·5∶3·5;E、基肥:追肥=7∶3;F、基肥:追肥=8∶2。基肥播前施用,追肥拔节期施用。小区面积20 m2,随机排列,3次重复。1·3大田管理施纯N、P2O5…     

早稻精确定量栽培氮肥不同施用方法对比试验

选用佳辐占进行早稻氮肥不同施用方法对比试验,设置不同基蘖肥、穗肥比例及穗肥不同施用时期处理。通过对早稻的生长指标及产量的考查,结果表明:基蘖肥、穂肥比例以6∶4处理的产量最高,与其它处理相比产量增加达到显著水平。穗肥施用时期以倒4、倒2叶各半处理的产量最高,与其它处理相比产量增加达到极显著水平。     

超级稻肥料施用与运筹效应研究

通过超级稻肥料施用与运筹小区试验,探讨施肥和不同基追肥比例对超级稻产量的影响。试验表明,施肥对提高超级稻有效穗数、穗实粒数和千粒重有显著作用,能促进高产的形成;进行肥料施用时,基追肥比例以7∶3有利于取得较高的产量和较好的经济效益。     

氮肥用量与基追比例对浏阳玉米产量形成与抗倒伏性状的互作效应

为研究氮肥用量和基追比例对浏阳玉米产量和抗倒伏性状的影响,以玉米品种登海605为材料,于2019年在湖南省浏阳市沿溪镇河东农场进行了2个氮肥用量(A1:273 kg/hm~2、A2:205 kg/hm~2)和3个基追比例(B1:5∶5、B2:6∶4、B3:7∶3)的大田试验。结果表明:(1)施氮量较高、追肥比例较大有利于提高玉米生育中后期叶面积指数,为提高产量奠定了基础;(2)氮肥用量对株高、穗位高、基部节间总长度无显著影响,但施氮量较大有利于提高茎粗;氮肥基追比例对玉米抗倒伏性状有一定影响,以B2处理株高、穗位高、倒折率最低;(3)玉米产量随施氮量增大而提高,基追比例处理中以B2处理产量最高。综合产量与抗倒伏性状,浏阳玉米适宜氮肥用量和基追比例分别为273 kg/hm~2与6∶4。     

膜下滴灌氮肥运筹对花生光合和抗氧化特性的影响

为研究膜下滴灌氮肥运筹对花生光合和抗氧化特性的影响，在氮肥总量不变的情况下，以花生品种青花7号为材料，设置了6种氮肥运筹方案。各处理基施∶花针期追肥∶结荚期追肥的氮肥比例分别为5∶0∶0(T2),3∶1∶1(T3),2∶2∶1(T4),1∶2∶2(T5),1∶3∶1(T6),0∶3∶2(T7),以不施氮肥处理(T1)为对照。结果表明：与其他处理相比，T6处理显著提高了不同生育时期叶片的光合速率、气孔导度、叶绿素含量、超氧化物歧化酶、过氧化物酶和过氧化氢酶活性，显著降低了叶片丙二醛含量。特别是在花生生长发育后期仍然使叶片保持较高的光合速率和抗氧化酶活性，降低膜脂过氧化程度，延缓叶片衰老，从而利于产量的形成。综上，本研究条件下，青花7号以基施∶花针期追肥∶结荚期追肥按1∶3∶1比例为最优氮肥运筹方案。     

水稻减氮高产栽培技术研究

2005年在洞庭湖区采用4种不同施氮量水平并以不同基追肥比例进行了水稻减氮施肥试验。结果表明，在基追肥比例4：6条件下，中等施氮量165kg／hm^2的产量最高为6650kg／hm^2，而以135kg／hm^2施氮量处理的产投比最高，达15．70。因此在水稻生产中氮素施用量以135～165kg／hm^2，基追肥比以4：6可以获得较高的产投比，达到减氮高产的目的。     

双季早稻氮肥基蘖肥与穗肥不同比例简比试验

以金优2155为材料,设置双季早稻氮肥基蘖肥与穗肥不同比例简比试验。结果表明,氮肥基蘖肥与穗肥比例为5：5的处理产量最高,具有明显的增产效果。     

氮素调控对不同穗型超级早稻光合特性和产量的影响

为阐明氮素调控对不同穗型超级早稻光合特性和稻谷产量的影响,以前期试验基础上筛选出的大穗型、多穗型和穗粒兼顾型超级早稻代表品种中早39、陵两优268和淦鑫203为试验材料,采用4种不同施氮量和基、蘖、穗肥比例处理(T1,纯N为0 kg/hm~2;T2,纯N为112.5 kg/hm~2,基、蘖肥比例为7∶3;T3,纯N为150.0 kg/hm~2,基、蘖、穗肥比例为6∶3∶1;T4,纯N为187.5 kg/hm~2,基、蘖、穗肥比例为5∶4∶1),测定和分析了各处理叶面积、叶绿素含量和光合动态以及稻谷产量。结果表明,T2处理在分蘖期能有效增加所有3类水稻品种的分蘖数,提高冠层叶片叶绿素含量,提高饱和净光合速率。相比T1和T2处理,增施氮素穗肥的T3、T4处理对3类不同穗型品种均能有效提高齐穗后的穗数、冠层上3叶叶面积、叶绿素含量、电子传递速率和实际量子产量,增加稻谷产量,且T3处理3类品种均比T4处理具有更高的收获指数和稻谷产量。多穗型品种陵两优268和穗粒兼顾型品种淦鑫203冠层上3叶叶面积对氮素响应比大穗型品种中早39更明显,但在株高、穗粒数、千粒重等性状上,中早39和淦鑫203对氮素响应比陵两优268更明显。在基蘖肥基础上,适当增加穗肥氮素施用,能有效提高不同穗型超级早稻叶面积、光合速率和有效穗数,最终提高稻谷产量。     

氮肥分配比例对小麦产量及群体质量的影响

试验结果表明,同等数量的氮肥不同的分配比例对小麦产量和群体质量影响很大。在该试验条件下,小麦生长的中后期重施氮肥,没有增产效果,而以重施基肥,适量追肥,基追比例８∶２或７∶３为宜,适宜的追肥时期应在拔节前后。     

不同基蘖肥与穗肥比例对超级稻产量的影响

以超级稻天优3618为材料,研究不同基蘖肥与穗肥比例对天优3618产量的影响。结果表明,基蘖肥、穗肥比例为7∶3、6∶4、5∶5的处理产量较高,比10∶0、9∶1、8∶2处理增产显著,增产的主要原因在于有效穗数增加、成穗率和收获指数高、籽粒饱满。因此,适当增加穗肥施用比例,有利于超级稻产量的增加,考虑到中期施肥安全性问题,7∶3是超级稻天优3618比较适宜基蘖肥与穗肥比例。     

豫北优质大豆产业发展策略

针对豫北地区的大豆生产现状，从气候、土壤、品种、生态因素及市场需求等方面提出了优质大豆的发展策略与途径。     

Analysis of nutritional components of eight famine foods of the Republic of Niger

In the western Sahel, indigenous plants become important staples when cereal harvests are inadequate to support populations inhabiting that region of Africa. The purpose of this study was to assess the nutrient content of several of these edible wild plants. The leaves of the following seven plant foods were analyzed: Ziziphus mauritiana, Cerathotheca sesamoides, Moringa oleifera, Leptadenia hastata, Hibiscus sabdarifa, Amaranthus viridi, and Adansonia digitata. The fatty acid, vitamin E, carotenoid, selected mineral and amino acid contents of these plant foods were determined. These same analyses were performed on the fruit of the Adansonia digitata. In quantitative and qualitative terms, Amaranthus viridis was found to be an excellent source of protein. Its amino acid composition compared favorably to that of a World Health Organization (WHO) protein standard. It also contained considerable amounts of the two fatty acids that are essential in humans (linoleic and -linolenic) and a number of minerals including iron, magnesium, calcium and zinc. The leaves of Hibiscus sabdarifa contained an appreciable quantity of protein the composition of which was comparable to the WHO standard. The mineral content of the leaves of this plant was also exceptionally high; noteworthy was its high zinc content. H. sabdarifa also contained significant quantities of the two essential fatty acids. Ziziphus mauritiana was an excellent source of the essential fatty acid linoleic acid and several of the metals including iron, calcium, magnesium and zinc. Its content of other essential nutrients, however, was rather low. In general, Adansonia digitata leaves were nutritionally superior to the fruit of the tree; however, the fruit did contain useful quantities of potassium, phosphorus, zinc and -linolenic acid. The Leptadenia hastata leaves were an especially good source of lutein and -carotene. These data should be useful to the people who inhabit the western Sahel in helping them devise healthy diets during times when cereal staples are in short supply.     

狗牙根诱变后代抗寒性评价

通过电解质外渗法和匍匐茎恢复试验对‘阳江’狗牙根及其12个通过形态鉴定选出的坪用价值高且花序密度低的诱变后代进行抗寒性鉴定。电解质外渗法结果表明:诱变后代间的抗寒性具有较大差异,其叶片半致死温度(LT₅₀)的变异范围为-7.6～-0.2℃(最低值与最大值相差7.4℃);参试材料抗寒性由强到弱依次为M18>M4>M26>M28> M22>阳江>M29>M31>M10>M37>M16>M1>M25,其中,有5个诱变后代抗寒性优于亲本,分别是M18、M4、M26、M28、M22。匍匐茎恢复实验结果表明:诱变后代M1、M22、M26、M31、M25在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫后的恢复生长率都高于亲本,恢复能力均优于亲本;M10、M37、M28在-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长能力低于亲本,抗寒性相对较弱,M16和M4在0℃和-5℃低温胁迫下,恢复生长率都低于亲本,抗寒性明显弱于亲本。综合2种方法鉴定结果显示:诱变后代M1、M25的恢复能力较强;M4、M28的叶片抗寒性较好,青绿期较长;M22、M18、M26的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较强;M29,M31的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力与亲本相似;M10、M16、M37的叶片抗寒性和匍匐茎恢复能力均较弱,整体抗寒性较弱。     

吉林省平安农业科学院大豆所大豆研究工作报告

1　吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究工作简介吉林省平安农业科学院大豆研究所 ,设在吉林省长春市西安大路种子大厦内。现有科技人员 6人 ,其中研究员 2人 ,农艺师 2人 ,技术员 2人 ,定向培养研究生 2人。大豆研究所的主要任务是选育稳产、高产、优质及抗病虫大豆新品种 ;同时密切     

Comparisons of methods of scheduling irrigations of potatoes

Irrigation of Netted Gem potatoes was scheduled during three growing seasons by three methods: (a) when plants displayed first visual symptoms of moisture stress, (b) when indicated by a soil moisture budget involving estimated evapotranspiration, and (c) on the basis of tensiometer readings of soil moisture suction. When the tensiometer method of scheduling was used, the mean yields of tubers were 55.0 and 25.8 cwt/acre (6160 and 2890 kg/ha) higher than those obtained with the other two scheduling methods. Methods did not affect the specific gravity of potatoes. Method (a) scheduled irrigations least frequently. Scheduling by the budget method was not always adequate because it was based on the assumption that the crop extracted water from a constant 4 ft (1.2 m) profile from planting to full vegetative growth. In one year the budget method scheduled the first irrigation earlier than necessary and delayed the second irrigation during a critical period of crop growth. From full vegetative cover to harvest the irrigation schedules were alike for both the budget and tensiometer methods.     

湖南沅陵4种绿茶品质成分分析

以长沙县高桥相同嫩度茶鲜叶原料采用卷曲形毛尖茶加工工艺制绿茶为对照,分别对沅陵县齐眉翠峰、凤娇碣滩茶、干发茶和军大坪茶4种绿茶的主要生化成分与感官品质进行初步分析。结果表明,沅陵4种绿茶的茶多酚总量28.76%~30.34%,游离氨基酸总量2.35%~3.22%,咖啡碱含量3.00%~3.63%,水浸出物含量37.26%~40.07%,可溶性糖总量5.46%~5.65%,可溶性蛋白含量1.50%~1.74%,类黄酮化合物总量1.16%~1.79%,叶绿素总量1.36%~2.01%,儿茶素总量13.53%~16.20%。与对照相比,4种绿茶的茶多酚、可溶性糖和儿茶素总量均高于对照,除齐眉翠峰外其余3种茶样水浸出物和叶绿素总量均高于对照,除干发茶外其余3种茶样类黄酮化合物总量均高于对照。     

Comparison of two methods of PCNB application for control of Rhizoctonia infection of potatoes

A broadcast application of PCNB (Terraclor) resulted in a reasonably uniform distribution of the chemical in the soil with the concentration decreasing in a linear fashion with increasing depth in the soil profile. A banded application resuluted in a considerably higher chemical concentration at the 4–6 inch depth than at the 0–2 or the 2–4 inch depths. The problem of the lack of uniformity of chemical distribution could probably be solved by altering nozzle placement and size and allow use of the band method of application to minimize grower cost. More complete disking in the case of the broadcast treatment would probably result in a relatively uniform distribution of the chemical but at higher cost to the grower. PCNB application rates of 10, 15 and 25 lbs per acre broadcast and 71/2, 10 and 121/2 lbs per acre in a band significantly reduced the severity ofRhizoctonia infection of Russet Burbank potatoes but did not increase potato yields significantly.     

Prediction of the digestibility of the diet of horses: evaluation of faecal indices

Data from in vivo digestibility trial with four to six horses fed twenty-seven forage-based diets are used to calculate prediction equations for the digestibility of dry and organic matter, based on the crude ash (CA), crude protein (CP) and crude fibre (CF) contents of diets and faeces. The most precise prediction of dry-matter digestibility (r.s.d. = 0.032, R²= 0.80) was derived from a multiple regression including faecal (CP, CF) and dietary parameters (CF). Among faecal parameters, CP was the best single predictor of both digestibility (r.s.d) = 0.040, r²= 0.63) and dietary CP content (r.s.d = 0.028, r²= 0.59). For biological reasons we propose a non-linear model that allows prediction of dry- and organic-matter digestibility from faecal CP Content with reasonable Precision (r.s.d = 0.038, 0.036, r²= 0.65, 0.74, respectively). This will be adequate for many studies, especially for free-living animals in rangelands.     

橡胶树丛枝病病原的抗血清制备与应用

以感染橡胶树丛枝病病原的长春花为材料,制备得到橡胶丛枝病病原菌抽提液,以抽提液为抗原免疫家兔,制备抗血清,经微量沉淀测定,抗血清效价为１：２０４８。应用橡胶丛枝病抗血清检测橡胶褐皮病,无症苗木检出率达３０％－３７％,可疑的褐皮病树检出率达８５．７％。