干旱胁迫下香蕉miRNAs的表达分析

以干旱驯化和未驯化的香蕉幼苗为研究材料,采用实时荧光定量PCR方法检测干旱胁迫过程中6个miRNAs的表达变化。结果表明:6个miRNAs在所有香蕉幼苗的干旱胁迫响应过程中均有表达,但其表达模式存在差异,在直接干旱处理下,mi R156k、mi R160a、mi R162a、mi R164a、mi R166d的表达均呈现升高-降低的趋势,mi R397b的表达则呈现升高-降低-升高-降低的趋势;在驯化后干旱处理下,mi R156k、mi R162a、mi R166d、mi R397b的表达均呈现升高-降低的趋势,mi R160a、mi R164a的表达则呈现升高-降低-升高-降低的趋势。干旱胁迫响应过程中(除处理后第10天外),驯化后的香蕉幼苗中miRNAs的表达量基本上高于未驯化香蕉幼苗中miRNAs的表达量,同时还发现mi R160a和mi R164a的表达量都非常高。上述研究结果将为香蕉干旱胁迫应答研究奠定基础。     

小麦SPL家族基因在非生物胁迫下的表达分析

SQUAMOSA promoter binding protein like(SPL)是一类在植物中广泛存在的转录因子家族,在调控植物生长发育、响应逆境胁迫等方面发挥着重要作用。为解析小麦中SPL家族基因响应非生物胁迫的机理,本研究采用生物信息学的方法在全基因组范围内对小麦SPL基因家族成员进行鉴定,并对鉴定到的SPL基因进行表达模式分析。结果表明,在全基因组范围内共鉴定到56个小麦SPL基因,其中27个是miR156的靶基因;系统进化分析发现,56个小麦SPL基因聚类为7个亚家族。基于转录组数据对表达模式进行分析,发现36个小麦SPL基因与非生物胁迫响应相关,响应缺氮、缺磷、高盐、低温、干旱、高温胁迫以及热旱共胁迫的基因分别有12、16、22、6、13、14和21个,其中TraesCS3D02G425800同时响应7种非生物胁迫。qRT PCR验证结果与转录组数据基本一致。     

油菜盐胁迫响应miRNA及其靶基因鉴定

油菜是世界上重要的油料作物之一,然而土壤盐胁迫严重抑制油菜的生长发育和籽粒产量.前人研究表明,在盐胁迫下,植物通过表达一些miRNA,并调控其靶基因的表达,进而提高植物自身的盐胁迫抗性.本研究分别在200 mmol·L-1 NaCl处理(T)和对照(C)条件下培养油菜,取其地上部(S)和根(R)构建了12个小RNA文库...     

Comprehensive Characteristics of MicroRNA Expression Profile Conferring to Rhizoctonia solani in Rice

MicroRNAs(miRNAs) are about 22 nucleotides regulatory non-coding RNAs that play versatile roles in reprogramming plant responses to biotic and abiotic stresses. However, it remains unknown whether miRNAs confer the resistance to necrotrophic fungus Rhizoctonia solani in rice. To investigate whether miRNAs regulate the resistance to R. solani, we constructed 12 small RNA libraries from susceptible and resistant rice cultivars treated with water/pathogen at 5 h post inoculation(hpi), 10 hpi and 20 hpi, respectively. By taking the advantage of next-generation sequencing, we totally collected 400–450 known mi RNAs and 450–620 novel miRNAs from the libraries. Expression analysis of mi RNAs demonstrated different patterns for known and novel miRNAs upon R. solani challenge. Thirty-four mi RNA families were identified to be expressed specifically in rice, and most of them were involved in plant disease resistance. A particular Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes(KEGG) pathway analysis result revealed that a great majority of target genes of regulated miRNAs belonged to the pathway of plant-pathogen interaction. Moreover, miR444 b.2, miR531 a, mir1861 i, novel_miR1956 and novel_miR135 conferred response to R. solani infection confirmed by Northern blot. Our global understanding of miRNA profiling revealed that the regulation of mi RNAs may be implicated in the control of rice immunity to R. solani. Analysis of the expression of miRNAs will offer the community with a direction to generate appropriate strategies for controlling rice sheath blight disease.     

Screening of Brown Planthopper Resistant miRNAs in Rice and Their Roles in Regulation of Brown Planthopper Fecundity

MicroRNAs (miRNAs) can participate in plant-insect interactions, which regulate plant defense networks. In this study, we analyzed the miRNA expression profiles of six rice varieties before and after brown planthopper (BPH)-feeding. We identified 45 differentially expressed miRNAs between BPH- susceptible and BPH-resistant rice varieties and 144 miRNAs that responded to BPH-feeding. Thus, miRNAs may be involved in multiple pathways regulating rice defense response against BPH. In addition, we found that the genetic history of rice varieties determined the regulation mode of the miRNA and affected the amounts, types, changing trends and response periods of miRNAs in response to BPH- feeding. To conclude, we scanned seven potential cross-kingdom miRNAs, of which miR5795 may target the vitellogenin gene in BPH, causing a 16.07% reduction in BPH oviposition. The results provide new miRNA information of rice-BPH interactions and BPH-resistant rice variety breeding.     

玉米自交系苗期冷胁迫miRNA表达谱研究

以冷敏感自交系B73和耐冷自交系W9816为材料,分析供试材料在冷胁迫条件下的miRNA表达谱。冷处理后,有10种miRNA上调表达,包括miR156、miR166b/c/d、miR171d/e、miR398a/b、miR399e和miR408等;有21个miRNA下调表达,包括miR159a、miR166h、miR167a/b/c/d/h/i、miR319b/d、miR393a/c和miR399a/b/c/h等。对部分miRNA的荧光定量检测与测序结果基本一致。基于生物信息学的预测,差异表达的miRNA共有84个靶基因,GO分析表明,这些靶基因参与了基因转录和能量代谢过程,并响应胁迫刺激。结果表明,冷处理差异表达miRNA及其靶基因在玉米冷胁迫响应中具有重要的生理作用。     

花生根部耐盐相关miRNAs的鉴定与功能分析

miRNAs作为一种基因表达调控子在植物应答胁迫的过程中起着重要的作用,当花生受到盐胁迫时,也会有相应的miRNAs参与基因表达调控应答胁迫。本研究对200份花生品种进行萌发期耐盐性鉴定,获得了高耐盐花生品种3份,中耐盐花生品种5份,盐高敏感品种4份。并对不同耐盐性花生品种在盐胁迫处理条件下进行了抗氧化酶活性(SOD,POD,CAT)和MDA含量的测定。结果表明,耐盐性花生品种清除活性氧的能力大于盐敏感型。盐胁迫条件下,耐盐性花生植株MDA含量较少,受到的伤害相对较小,而盐敏感植株的受伤害程度最大,也证明了耐盐性花生品种在受到盐胁迫伤害时植物体内存在更强大的保护作用。通过小RNA测序及对靶基因序列进行功能分析和同源序列功能检索,获得了8条花生耐盐相关保守miRNAs序列,miR159-1,miR159-2,miR159-3,miR164-2,miR167-3,miR319-1,miR319-2,miR2111-1。荧光定量PCR测定结果表明,这些花生保守miRNAs受盐胁迫诱导,并调控其靶基因的应答反应。     

低氮胁迫下水稻剑叶转录因子表达变化

 利用Agilent 4×44K芯片全基因组研究低氮胁迫下,2个不同叶绿素含量水稻齐穗期剑叶的转录因子相关基因表达的变化。结果表明,低氮处理与对照相比,超绿水稻沈农196（SN196）剑叶共有53个转录因子相关基因表达发生变化（35个在转录水平下调表达,18个在转录水平上调表达）。丰锦剑叶有27个转录因子相关基因表达发生变化（21个在转录水平下调表达,6个在转录水平上调表达）。低氮胁迫响应转录因子相关基因表现出品种（系）特异性,超绿水稻SN196有48个特异响应,丰锦有22个特异响应。两个水稻品种（系）低氮胁迫响应的转录因子相关基因有5个重叠,其中1个在转录水平上调表达,4个下调表达。低氮胁迫下,水稻剑叶转录因子相关基因的表达发生变化,不同叶绿素含量水稻品种（系）既表现特异性,也存在部分重叠。两个水稻的低氮胁迫响应转录因子基因在染色体上的分布存在差异。     

Mechanisms for coping with submergence and waterlogging in rice

Background

Oligopeptide transporters (OPTs) play important roles in the mobilization of organic nitrogenous compounds and usually associate with tissues that show signs of rapid protein hydrolysis, such as germinating seeds and senescing leaves. This study is to investigate rice OPT genes.

Results

A total of sixteen OsOPT genes (Os for Oryza sative L.) were identified in the rice genome, which were then classified into six sections that belong to two subfamilies (the PT and YSL subfamily). The major mechanisms for evolutionary expansion of the sixteen genes during the rice genome evolution include segmental and tandem duplication. Calculation of the duplication event dates indicated that the sixteen genes originated from nine original OsOPT genes, and the duplication events could be classified into three evolutionary stages. The first evolutionary stage occurred approximately 50 million years ago (Mya) and involved the evolution of four new genes. The second evolutionary stage was approximately 20 Mya and was marked by the appearance of two new genes, and the third evolutionary stage was approximately 9 Mya when two new genes evolved. Mining of the expression database and RT-PCR analysis indicated that the expression of most duplicated OsOPT genes showed high tissue specificities. Diverse expression patterns for the sixteen genes were evaluated using both semi-quantitative RT-PCR and the MPSS data. Expression levels of some OsOPT genes were regulated by abiotic and biotic stresses suggesting the potential involvement of these gene products in rice stress adaptation. Five OsOPT gene mutants showed abnormal development and growth, the primary analysis of five OsOPT gene mutants suggested that they may be necessary for rice development.

Conclusions

These results suggested that rice-specific OsOPT genes might be potentially useful in improving rice.