创造城镇建筑的地域性特色

随着我国城镇化进程的加速发展，城镇建筑逐渐形成多元多价的繁荣景象。但大都局限在“形式本位”上，缺乏对城镇地域性特色、历史文化的探究和传承。为此，需要探索出一条现代地域性建筑的创作之路，使城镇建筑能展现地域性特色、传承地方历史文化，同时也更符合时代需求，不断地更新和发展。     

Workshop report: The 2012 Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine: exploring the consequences of antimicrobial drug use: a 3‐D approach

Antimicrobial resistance is a global challenge that impacts both human and veterinary health care. The resilience of microbes is reflected in their ability to adapt and survive in spite of our best efforts to constrain their infectious capabilities. As science advances, many of the mechanisms for microbial survival and resistance element transfer have been identified. During the 2012 meeting of Antimicrobial Agents in Veterinary Medicine (AAVM), experts provided insights on such issues as use vs. resistance, the available tools for supporting appropriate drug use, the importance of meeting the therapeutic needs within the domestic animal health care, and the requirements associated with food safety and food security. This report aims to provide a summary of the presentations and discussions occurring during the 2012 AAVM with the goal of stimulating future discussions and enhancing the opportunity to establish creative and sustainable solutions that will guarantee the availability of an effective therapeutic arsenal for veterinary species.     

生物技术专业人才分类培养模式管理及运行机制的研究与实践

生物技术本科专业试行分类培养,既是新形势下高等教育教学改革的必然选择,也是实现因材施教、满足学生个性发展和社会多元化人才需求、达到有效教学的有益尝试。须遵循＂以人为本,按需设计,搭建平台,分类培养,分向发展＂的办学理念,以产学研相结合培养方式,按＂低年级夯实基础,高年级分流培养＂的原则,建立＂基础平台＋方向模块＂的柔性...     

WSAVA/Kennel Clubs meeting Control of hereditary elbow disease in pedigree dogs

ONE of the major activities of the World Small Animal Veterinary Association over the past 12 months has been the investigation of potential international measures for the control of inherited disease in the pedigree dog. Three areas of concern are currently being examined; elbow dysplasia, hip dysplasia and ocular disease. The standardisation of diagnostic expertise on an international basis is high on the list of priorities for any scheme to prove successful, and with this intent in mind the first joint WSAVA/Kennel Clubs meeting was held in 1993 on the subject of elbow dysplasia. This report of the meeting was accepted as Association policy by the WSAVA Assembly at its annual meeting in October last year. A form of certification is currently being prepared and next a joint meeting to discuss hip dysplasia will take place in June of this year.     

成都平原区植物群落种间机遇机率(PIE)与种间联结测定分析

通过测定论述了成都平原区荒芜草坪2个群落及20个(直径30 cm)随机分布不同样圈中优势种之间及优势种与伴生种、偶见种之间的数量特征。重点探讨不同植物种间相遇机率(PIE)、种间联结与相关、物种相似性、种群密度(D)与频度(F)的关系。统计分析获知:优势种间的相遇机率较高,伴生种、偶见种较低。但2个群落的PIE均属较高,分别为0．8787和0．8166。种间联结关系是马唐与狗牙根、马兰与香附子均属正联结,相关关系显著,互为依存。     

Passage from India: the first European Veterinary Immunology Workshop

The European Veterinary Immunology Group (EVIG) was founded under the auspices of the European Federation of Immunologic Societies (EFIS) in 2001, and held its first meeting in autumn 2003 in Berlin. Here, we summarize the short history of this group, report on the workshop in Berlin and outline some future perspectives up to the next meeting scheduled for 2006 in Paris.     

The REFLECT Statement: Methods and Processes of Creating Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials for Livestock and Food Safety by Modifying the CONSORT Statement†

The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health and food‐safety outcomes presents unique challenges that may not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2‐day consensus meeting was held on 18–19 November 2008 in Chicago, IL, USA, to achieve the objective. Prior to the meeting, a Web‐based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food‐safety researchers, livestock‐production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors and associate editors. Prior to the meeting, the attendees completed a Web‐based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items may need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety and 22‐item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist and an additional sub‐item was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health and food‐safety outcomes.     

浅谈奉节县退耕还草发展围栏轮牧的思路

在调查和分析退耕还林还草问题的基础上,结合奉节县自然地理情况,提出了在奉节县退耕还草使用生物围栏发展围栏轮牧的思路。这是加快生态建设,发展经济,促进林牧互相结合共同发展,使生态效益、经济效益与社会效益相协调的重要措施。     

Heritable characters of the red blood cells of sheep

Extract

From the start I want to make it clear that the research work described here is the work of one of us (J.V.E.), and the reason why I am presenting his work is that Evans comes from New Zealand and presented a paper on this subject to the annual meeting of the British Association for the Advancement of Science last September in Sheffield, so that it seemed appropriate that his work should also be presented to this Society.     

The effects of different knowledge-dissemination interventions on the mastitis knowledge of Tanzanian smallholder dairy farmers

We developed three different knowledge-dissemination methods for educating Tanzanian smallholder farmers about mastitis in their dairy cattle. The effectiveness of these methods (and their combinations) was evaluated and quantified using a randomised controlled trial and multilevel statistical modelling. To our knowledge, this is the first study that has used such techniques to evaluate the effectiveness of different knowledge-dissemination interventions for adult learning in developing countries.

Five different combinations of knowledge-dissemination method were compared: ‘diagrammatic handout’ (‘HO’), ‘village meeting’ (‘VM’), ‘village meeting and video’ (‘VM + V’), ‘village meeting and diagrammatic handout’ (‘VM + HO’) and ‘village meeting, video and diagrammatic handout’ (‘VM + V + HO’). Smallholder dairy farmers were exposed to only one of these interventions, and the effectiveness of each was compared to a control (‘C’) group, who received no intervention. The mastitis knowledge of each farmer (n = 256) was evaluated by questionnaire both pre- and post-dissemination.

Generalised linear mixed models were used to evaluate the effectiveness of the different interventions. The outcome variable considered was the probability of volunteering correct responses to mastitis questions post-dissemination, with ‘village’ and ‘farmer’ considered as random effects in the model. Results showed that all five interventions, ‘HO’ (odds ratio (OR) = 3.50, 95% confidence intervals (CI) = 3.10, 3.96), ‘VM + V + HO’ (OR = 3.34, 95% CI = 2.94, 3.78), ‘VM + HO’ (OR = 3.28, 95% CI = 2.90, 3.71), ‘VM + V’ (OR = 3.22, 95% CI = 2.84, 3.64) and ‘VM’ (OR = 2.61, 95% CI = 2.31, 2.95), were significantly (p < 0.0001) more effective at disseminating mastitis knowledge than no intervention.

In addition, the ‘VM’ method was less effective at disseminating mastitis knowledge than other interventions. Combinations of methods showed no advantage over the diagrammatic handout alone. Other explanatory variables with significant positive associations on mastitis knowledge included education to secondary school level or higher, and having previously learned about mastitis by reading pamphlets or attendance at an animal-health course.     

Novel approaches for the control of helminth parasites of livestock VI: summary of discussions and conclusions

Gastrointestinal helminth parasites impact on livestock production systems throughout the world, and the use of anthelmintics to control this problem has lead to the inevitable development of populations of helminths resistant to these treatments. This, coupled with consumer desires for minimal chemical inputs into food and fibre production, has prompted research into non-chemical approaches to helminth control. Scientists of the "Novel Approaches to the Control of Helminth Parasites of Livestock" group met for the 6th time in August 2010 and this paper summarises that meeting. Six scientific sessions addressed current approaches and topics of interest through formal presentations and discussion of issues raised by the contributing authors. Close interaction between researchers and extension specialists during the meeting has contributed to enhanced prospects for field application of research outcomes in the future.     

应用分配通道提高动物园场地利用率

动物园有限的面积与园中野生动物对环境条件的需求之间往往存在巨大的差距。应用分配通道提高动物园场地利用率可以缓解这一矛盾,并最终有利于提高动物福利。分配通道的应用可以划分为4个阶段,其发展趋势是将动物园中的所有展区联结成网络,从而使每种动物的生活和展示空间逐步接近动物生态领地模型,使动物园中有限的场地条件能够满足圈养野生动物的环境需求。     

地方应用型本科院校《药理学》课程建设探索

药理学是研究药物与机体、病原体相互作用及作用机制的一门学科,是基础医学与临床医学的桥梁.应用型本科院校是指以应用型为办学定位的本科院校,应用型本科教育对于满足中国经济社会发展,对高层次应用型人才需要,以及推进中国高等教育大众化进程可以起到积极的促进作用.安徽科技学院是安徽省首批应用型本科高校,根据应用型人才培养方案和人才培养目标的要求,对《药理学》课程进行了重新建设,以适应新的人才培养方案.     

蒙古羊的起源及尾脂沉积的研究进展

蒙古羊是中国数量最多、分布最广的粗毛绵羊品种,其体质结实,适应性强,能耐受极粗放的饲养管理条件。蒙古羊尾部较强的脂肪沉积能力使其具有很好的抗逆性,但尾部脂肪沉积过多又不足以满足消费者对高品质羊肉的需求。结合现有的资料和研究成果,围绕蒙古羊的起源和尾脂沉积调控机制进行了总结,旨在为深入了解蒙古羊的起源和明确育种目标提供参考。     

The REFLECT Statement: Methods and Processes of Creating Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Controlled Trials for Livestock and Food Safety

The conduct of randomized controlled trials in livestock with production, health, and food-safety outcomes presents unique challenges that might not be adequately reported in trial reports. The objective of this project was to modify the CONSORT (Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials) statement to reflect the unique aspects of reporting these livestock trials. A 2-day consensus meeting was held on November 18–19, 2008 in Chicago, IL, to achieve the objective. Before the meeting, a Web-based survey was conducted to identify issues for discussion. The 24 attendees were biostatisticians, epidemiologists, food-safety researchers, livestock production specialists, journal editors, assistant editors, and associate editors. Before the meeting, the attendees completed a Web-based survey indicating which CONSORT statement items would need to be modified to address unique issues for livestock trials. The consensus meeting resulted in the production of the REFLECT (Reporting Guidelines for Randomized Control Trials) statement for livestock and food safety and 22-item checklist. Fourteen items were modified from the CONSORT checklist, and an additional subitem was proposed to address challenge trials. The REFLECT statement proposes new terminology, more consistent with common usage in livestock production, to describe study subjects. Evidence was not always available to support modification to or inclusion of an item. The use of the REFLECT statement, which addresses issues unique to livestock trials, should improve the quality of reporting and design for trials reporting production, health, and food-safety outcomes.     

Possibilities of establishing a smallholder pig identification and traceability system in Kenya

Tropical Animal Health and Production - Consumers have a right to safer foods, and traceability is one approach to meeting their expectations. Kenya does not have an operational animal traceability...     

Defining the attributes expected of graduating veterinary medical students, part 2: external evaluation and outcomes assessment

We have previously defined a set of 62 attributes-12 in the area of professional characteristics, 28 addressing knowledge and understanding, and 22 delineating skills-that veterinary students should be expected to have demonstrated by the time of their graduation (Walsh DA, Osburn BI, Christopher MM. Defining the attributes expected of graduating veterinary medical students. J Am Vet Med Assoc 219:1358-1365, 2001). We have used this set of attributes as the basis of an outcomes assessment completed by California practitioners to determine whether graduates from the University of California School of Veterinary Medicine are meeting these expectations. Based upon this assessment, these 62 defined attributes appear to reflect very well practicing veterinarians' views and expectations of DVM graduates. The survey results also indicate that, overall, the recent University of California graduates are meeting these set of expectations. Simultaneously, the outcomes assessment focused attention on several areas, including private practice management, work expectations for successful practice, and surgical capabilities. For each, California practitioners recommended that the definition of the expectation be expanded and that the level of achievement by graduates be improved. Defining a set of attributes expected of veterinary graduates is a key step in obtaining an effective outcomes assessment of a professional educational program.