大豆灰斑病的发生规律和防治

大豆灰斑病的发生规律和防治王芊黑龙江省农科院植保所大豆灰斑病是一种流行性病害，近些年来已成为黑龙江省危害大豆的重要病害，以我省大豆主要产区合江、牡丹江等地区最为严重。病粒串一般在１０％左右，严重时可达３０％～５０％。感病子实含油量降低２．９％，蛋白质...     

高抗大豆灰斑病品种合丰29号的主要特性及栽培要点

高抗大豆灰斑病品种合丰２９号的主要特性及栽培要点黑龙江省农科院合江农科所郭泰，张荣昌，齐宁，刘忠堂大豆灰斑病是黑龙江省大豆生产上主要病害之一，使产量降低，品质变劣，严重影响了大豆的生产和销售价格。而防治大豆灰斑病的根本措施是育成和推广抗病品种。合丰２...     

大豆根绒粉蚧发生及防治

介绍了大豆根绒粉蚧形态特征及防治技术。大豆根绒粉蚧害虫是黑龙江省中北部部分市县新发生的一种大豆虫害，以成虫、若虫刺吸大豆茎部及叶片，严重影响豆株的生长发育。防治措施一是减少大豆根绒粉蚧在田间的越冬基数，二是以内吸型药剂为主，在害虫尚未形成蜡质保护层的一龄若虫期及时进行药剂防治。     

黑龙江省大豆根腐病的危害与防治

黑龙江省大豆根腐病的危害与防治黑龙江省农科院大豆所张玉华大豆根腐病是世界各大豆产区的重要病害之一，一般减产１０％，如果和其他根部病害混合侵染，则危害更重。一、大豆根腐病的发生与危害大豆根腐病分布广、危害严重，是我省目前应引起高度重视的主要病害之一。据...     

大豆灰斑病的研究进展

1　大豆灰斑病的分布和危害大豆灰斑病 (CercosporasojinaHara)为真菌病害 ,在 1 91 5年由Hara首先在日本发现 ,此后相继在美国、英国、前苏联、中国、加拿大、澳大利亚、巴西、委内瑞拉、危地马拉等国均有发生 ,至今大豆灰斑病已成为一种世界性病害。在我国大豆灰斑病的发生也很普遍 ,自 1 92 1年发现以来 ,遍及各大豆种植区 ,主要分布在黑龙江、吉林、辽宁、河北、山东、安徽、江苏、四川、广西、云南等省。尤以黑龙江省最为严重 ,从 2 0世纪 60年代至今 ,大豆灰斑病在黑龙江省已有四次大发生 ,给生产和外贸造成严重的损失 ,已成为黑龙…     

合丰33号大豆的主要特性及栽培要点

合丰３３号大豆的主要特性及栽培要点郭泰，齐宁，张荣昌，商柏廷（黑龙江省农科院合江农科所）合丰３３号品种，是抗灰斑病兼抗病毒病的品种。大豆灰斑病、病毒病是黑龙江省三江平原大豆生产上的两大主要病害，给大豆生产造成很大损失。大豆灰斑病在大豆叶、茎、荚、子实...     

大豆根潜蝇的发生与药剂防治

大豆根潜蝇的发生与药剂防治任柏栋（黑龙江省绥化市种子公司１５２０００）大豆根潜蝇又名大豆根蝇、豆根蛇潜蝇等，它是一种大型蝇子。黑龙江省发生比较普遍。据１９９６年在绥化地区５个市县２８个点调查，发生地块１００％，危害株率８０％～１００％。目前防治大豆根...     

黑龙江省大豆三大主要病害抗性鉴定方法研究

对黑龙江省大豆生产上常发生和危害较重的三种主要病害大豆灰斑病、大豆疫霉病和大豆根腐病进行了抗性鉴定方法研究概述.较系统的总结了作者从事研究工作的部分内容--抗性鉴定方法,在借鉴和吸收他人研究经验的基础上,形成了三种病害较完整的鉴定方法和体系.     

黑龙江省大豆胞囊线虫病的发生与防治

大豆胞囊线虫病始终是危害我国大豆产量、造成经济损失最大的病害之一,尤其是黑龙江省,几乎每年都有不同程度的发生,所以大豆胞囊线虫病的防治工作也一直非常被重视。综合分析黑龙江省大豆胞囊线虫病的发生情况,提出采取选择抗病耐病品种、合理轮作、加强田间管理、及时进行药剂和生物防治等方法,避免或降低病害带来的经济损失。     

大豆细菌性病害

大豆细菌性病害种类很多，主要有斑点病、斑疹病、细菌性角斑病、细菌性疫病等。其中斑点病与斑疹病发生较严重。斑点病多发生在北方豆区，而斑疹病多发生在南方豆区。这两种病害的病原虽然不同，但症状容易混淆，病害的侵染循环、发生条件及防治方法也类似。一、症状识别...     

Factors in the Reduction in Grain Number in Winter Wheat by Early-Sowing in Yamaguchi

Abstract

Grain number per spike of wheat is lower in early sowing than in the conventional standard cultivation in Yamaguchi, Prefecture, Japan. Components of the grain number per spike in five cultivars were analyzed with respect to temperature during the spike development period throughout three growing seasons 2001/2002, 2002/2003 and 2003/2004 to find the cause of the problem of early sowing cultivation. The plants sown in early-October and late-November were called the early sown group and the standard group, respectively, in the following. Three of the five cultivars, Hokushin, Akitakko and Nanbukomugi, showed a strong winter habit, which requires very cold temperatures for spike differentiation. The other two cultivars, Iwainodaichi and Airakomugi, had a moderate winter habit. Grain number per spike and grain yield were decreased by early-sowing (compare with the standard group) in almost all cultivars throughout the three growing seasons. The three cultivars which had a strong winter habit had fewer spikelets per spike in the early-sown group than in the standard group. The other two cultivars which had a moderate winter habit had fewer grains per spikelet in the early-sown group. The higher the temperature during the spikelet formation phase, which is from flag leaf initiation to terminal spikelet initiation, the higher the number of spikelets per spike in the standard group. The spikelet number per spike in the early-sown group increased with the increase in productive tillers under fertile conditions. Such conditions also increased the grain number per spike.     

Allelopathy in Agroecosystems in Spain

Summary

This paper reviews the effects of allelopathic interactions in agroecosystems in Spain on plant physiological activity and their ecological advantages. The phenological stage of growth of donor plants and the effective allelochemicals in the soil solution while studying the role of phenolic compounds were highlighting. Finally possible future prospects and conclusions regarding weed control by allelochemi-cals under integrated crop management strategies are discussed.     

2009年中国稻米市场分析及2010年展望

以翔实的资料对2009年中国稻米生产、消费、进出口、供求平衡、库存、价格走势、购销政策和国际稻米供求等情况进行了全面地分析,对影响2010年稻米市场价格走势的各种因素进行了深入研究,并在此基础上对2010年我国稻米市场价格走势进行了预测,结论是我国稻米价格仍呈上行趋势。     

Advances in Variable Rate Technology Application in Potato in The Netherlands

Precision agriculture is a farming management concept based on observing, measuring and responding to inter- and intra-field variability in crops. In this paper, we focus on responding to intra-field variability in potato crops and analyse variable rate applications (VRAs). We made an overview of potential VRAs in potato crop management in The Netherlands. We identified 13 potential VRAs in potato, ranging from soil tillage to planting to crop care to selective harvest. We ranked them on availability of ‘proof of concept’ and on-farm test results. For five VRAs, we found test results allowing to make a cost-benefit assessment. These five VRAs were as follows: planting, soil herbicide weed control, N side dress, late blight control and haulm killing. They use one of two types of spatial data: soil maps or biomass index maps. Data on costs and savings of the VRAs showed that the investments in VRAs will pay off under practical conditions in The Netherlands. Savings on pesticide use and N-fertilizer use with the VRAs were on average about 25%, which benefits the environment too. We foresee a slow but gradual adoption of VRAs in potato production. More VRAs will become available given ongoing R&D. The perspectives of VRAs in potatoes are discussed.     

我国高粱育种研究进展

对我国高粱育种的主要途径和研究方向进行了概述,针对目前高粱产量徘徊现象,提出了高粱超高产育种设想,并对其技术路线进行了探讨。     

Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate in potato in two environments

Summary Diurnal changes in net photosynthetic rate were measured in a furrow-irrigated potato crop and in a riverbed crop where the water table was always maintained at 20–28 cm from the soil surface. In the irrigated crop, the photosynthetic rate during mid-afternoon was about half the peak rate observed at noon. This reduction was accompanied by a near tripling of stomatal resistance, a 45% reduction in transpiration, and a 5-fold increase in the difference between leaf and air temperatures. No such changes were observed in the riverbed crop where the photosynthetic rate remained nearly constant at about 0.9 mg m⁻² s⁻¹ between 9 a.m. and 4 p.m. Tuber yield in the riverbed crop was about 30% higher than in the irrigated crop.     

我国干热区甘蔗抗旱植蔗主要问题研讨

我国干热蔗区是我国甘蔗糖业的重要生产基地,蔗区光热资源丰富,唯降水分布不均成为植蔗生产的主要限制因子;根据蔗区植蔗特点和甘蔗需水规律,苗期抗旱是干热蔗区抗旱植蔗的关键,保证较多的总苗数和足够的生长量是苗期抗旱植蔗需解决的关键技术难题,制定相应的苗期抗旱植蔗栽培技术措施是解决该难题的重要保障;该观点为我国干热蔗区植蔗生产、甘蔗引育种提供理论和技术支持。     

棉花体细胞无性系变异的研究进展

体细胞无性系变异是一种重要的细胞工程育种技术,其应用于棉花育种的前提是建立高效的组织培养诱导再生植株体系.本文简要综述了棉花离体诱导植株再生研究的现状,重点讨论了棉花体细胞无性系变异的表现、利用方法及机理,提出了当前研究存在的问题并对今后的研究进行了展望.