上虞市松材线虫病综合防治与思考

上虞市自2004年发生松材线虫病以来积极采取各种防治措施,包括枯死松树全面清理下山,疫木经热处理生产工艺进行除害处理和安全利用,实施松材线虫病除治林相改造工程,挂诱捕器、设饵木消杀松墨天牛等。几年下来除治效果显现,松材线虫病已得到有效控制。     

松枯死木清理对松墨天牛数量的影响

为预防松材线虫病发生,降低松墨天牛数量密度,德化县林业局于2009-2010年,开展了清除松枯死木试验.以诱捕器诱集的松墨天牛成虫数量为指标,在松墨天牛中度危害区,开展了松枯死木清理对松墨天牛种群数量的影响试验.结果表明:清理松枯死木可以有效降低林间松墨天牛种群密度,对当前遏制松材线虫病蔓延、切断松材线虫病传播媒介具有现实意义.     

日本树干注入剂的应用及最新进展

日本树干注入剂的应用及最新进展梁细弟（浙江省林业厅森防检疫站杭州３１０００４）松材线虫病是松树上一种毁灭性的病害，该病的特点是病原线虫通过传播媒介松墨天牛携带而扩散蔓延。在我国部分省市该病已成为威胁极大的森林自然灾害。树干注入剂防治松材线虫病在日本已...     

松材线虫病流行与松毛虫危害关系的研究

研究表明 :在松材线虫病发生区 ,其病害的扩展、流行与马尾松毛虫危害有着密切的关系。当年受马尾松毛虫危害的松林 ,枯死松树数量平均为 77 879株 /hm2 ,比未受松毛虫危害的松林 (对照 ) 17 2 73株 /hm2 ,多 35 1% ;次年 ,前者平均枯死松树达 2 0 4 8株 /hm2 ,为对照 2 89株 /hm2 的 6 0 8%。松毛虫危害加速松材线虫病流行的原因是 ,松毛虫危害松树 ,削弱树势 ;弱势的松树招引松墨天牛侵入并增殖加快松树死亡 ;次年大量天牛从“松毛虫危害松木”上羽化 ,侵染健康松林 ,导致松材线虫病进一步扩散和流行。由此认为松毛虫危害是促使松材线虫病流行的重要因子 ,防治松毛虫是控制松材线虫病流行的重要环节之一     

16%虫线清乳油不同浓度防治松墨天牛试验

松墨天牛是松树上的重要蛀干性害虫,又是松材线虫病主要传播媒介。于4~5月间通过使用16%虫线清乳油,以不同浓度的荮液防治松树枯死木中的松墨天牛效果显著。经林间对122株马尾松枯死木喷药试验结果表明,对松墨天牛幼虫、蛹及成虫的杀伤力极强,施药后第15天检查,杀虫率达100%。用此种农药防治松墨天牛,可以降低虫口密度,以便控制松墨天牛危害,达到防治目的。     

松褐天牛的危害及防治

<正>松褐天牛是松科植物的主要害虫,也是松材线虫病的传播媒介。松褐天牛虫口密度直接影响松材线虫病的传播速度,防治不及时,可导致松材线虫病的蔓延。特别是江苏省南京市发现松材线虫病以后,它作为松材线虫病这种毁灭性检疫病害的重要传播媒介,与病原线虫相辅相成造成大量松树迅速死亡。     

浅谈松材线虫病监测防控技术

松材线虫病又称松树枯萎病,是由松材线虫寄生在松树体内所引起的一种毁灭性病害。笔者介绍了该病的危害情况、危害症状、传播途径,提出了通过清理病死树、诱木防治传媒天牛、诱捕器诱杀传媒天牛、喷药防治、树干注药防治、生物防治、病材处理等进行监测、防控的措施。     

皆伐结合设置诱木防治松墨天牛效果与分析

清理枯死松树和小面积皆伐杀死松墨天牛和病原,是目前松材线虫病除治中最常用措施。临湘市通过对照实验,发现在皆伐小班保留松诱木可有效诱杀残留的松墨天牛,结合在疫点外围进行树种改造,建立无松树隔离区,对防止松材线虫病扩散有显著效果。     

松材线虫病药剂防治实验

松材线虫病,通过松褐天牛携带侵入健康松树,致使松树萎蔫、枯死。当涂县森防站于2007年与黑龙江省平山林业制药厂合作,在该县横山林场开展了松材线虫病的药剂防治试验,进一步探索松材线虫病的综合防治方法。     

罗溪镇松墨天牛综合防治技术研究

为实现罗溪镇松材线虫病疫情监测,综合防治媒介昆虫松墨天牛,达到病虫害防治的三个100%,即松材线虫病疫情监测覆盖率100%,对松枯死木除害处理率100%,除害处理合格率100%,罗溪镇使用物理、化学、生物方法等多种方式综合进行了防治松墨天牛。结果表明:以2018年清理松枯死木的数量和分布面积为基数,2019年松枯死木数量下降50%,2020年比2019年下降30%,2021年计划比2020年下降20%,实现了松枯死木分布面积逐年下降10%以上的目标。为彻底遏制疫树增量,对松墨天牛诱捕技术进行了探讨。     

1%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂林间防治松褐天牛试验

林间用1%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂进行防治松褐天牛试验。结果表明,该药剂对松褐天牛有较强的杀灭效果,且持效期达30 d以上。在喷洒1%噻虫啉微胶囊粉剂的林区,平均每个诱捕器的成虫诱捕量为32.4头,诱木上平均成虫产卵刻槽数为19.6个/m2;而在对照区,平均每个诱捕器的成虫诱捕量为93.8头,是喷药区的2.83倍,平均刻槽数达191.02个/m2,是喷药区的9.75倍。施药的相对防治效果可达86.3%。     

保松灵（PEM）农药防治松材线虫病试验

试验表明，用３个类型保松灵在松树不同部位作低量喷雾能有效地抑制松材线虫病危害。喷洒保松灵的松树平均枯死率为２．３１％，比对照区松平均枯死率３６．３％净降３４％，经频率差异检验，Ｕ＝１６．５〉Ｕ０．０１＝２．５８，达到极显著水平。这个结果优于日本松材线虫病地面喷雾主药ＭＥＰ在象山试验的结果，而且用水量只为日本药的１／１０，平均每公顷农药成本只为日本药的１／３８。     

杀螟·噻嗪酮乳油防治松褐天牛的研究

松材线虫病 [Bursaphelechus xylophilus(Steiner et Bubre) Nickle]被称为“松树癌症”,是松树的一种毁灭性病害[1 ] ,列为我国森林病虫害之首。松褐天牛 (Monochamus alternatusHope)在松材线虫病的传播中起重要作用 ,因此 ,防治松褐天牛是松材线虫病治理工作中的一项重要内容[2 ,3] ,国内此方面的研究有过报道 [4,5] 。为进一步探索松材线虫病的治理途径 ,作者于 2 0 0 0年 3～ 1 2月应用 50 %杀螟·噻嗪酮乳油进行了防治松褐天牛的试验。现将结果报道如下。1　试验地及其林分状况试验地设在安徽省和县鸡笼山林场的代虎山 ,海拔 1 50 …     

杀螟·噻嗪酮乳油防治松褐天牛的研究

To control Monochamus alternatus and its amount of population is one of the effective ways on controlling Bursaphelechus xylophilus.The Japanese black pine which were badly harmed by M.alternatus were sprayed with the ditution from diluting fenitrothion · buprofezen 50%EC with water to 100 times, 200 times and 300 times. In this trial, the treatment is divided into two groups: one is of the different concentration but the same object (trees in the forest), the other is of the same concentration but different environmental condition (trees in the forest and felling trees indoor). Each treatment repeated five times. In the meantime, the check is not treated. After twice trial, the result indicated that the mortality rate of M. alternatus is 71.33%, 52.31% and 37.82% in the condition that trees in the forest were sprayed with the 100 times, 200 times and 300 times fenitrothion·buprofezen, and 69 69% in the condition that the felling trees indoor were spraded with 100 times fenitrothion·buprofezen, but the mortality rate of the check is only 8.92%. By this trial, it was also found that the dead adults of M.alternatus laid in the entrance of emergance hole, so enhancing the somatic character of fenitrothion · buprofezen can enhance the injury ratio of larva and pupae of M.alternatus.     

西藏林芝县高山松林下可燃物资源调查与分析

通过样地调查和取样分析，分析了林芝县高山松林下各类可燃物的含水率及其资源量。认为林芝县高山松林下可燃物中，死地被物层含水量最低，资源量最大，是高山松林下可燃物的主要组成部分，加之高山松本身含脂量又高，所以高山松林内火险等级高，火灾隐患大。据此，提出了防火建议。     

Tree mortality in drought-stressed mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, Arizona, USA

We monitored tree mortality in northern Arizona (USA) mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine (Pinus ponderosa Dougl. ex Laws) forests from 1997 to 2007, a period of severe drought in this area. Mortality was pervasive, occurring on 100 and 98% of 53 mixed-conifer and 60 ponderosa pine plots (1-ha each), respectively. Most mortality was attributable to a suite of forest insects, mediated by drought stress. The number of trees dying from 2002 to 2007 was more than 200% greater than the number dying from 1997 to 2002 in mixed-conifer forest and 74% greater in ponderosa pine forest. Extent of mortality was spatially variable in both forest types. Median cumulative mortality (the ratio of dead to live trees) increased by approximately 53 and 65% in mixed-conifer and ponderosa pine forests, respectively, from 2002 to 2007. Median mortality rates from 2002 to 2007 were approximately 2.0% year⁻¹ in mixed-conifer forest (range = 0-28.5%) and 0.4% year⁻¹ in ponderosa pine forest (range = 0-13.6%). Mortality rates generally were not strongly related to either elevation or stand density. Mortality was nonrandom with respect to tree size classes and species. Proportions of trees dying were greatest in the largest size classes, particularly in mixed-conifer forest, where mortality in the largest size class exceeded 22% from 2002 to 2007. Mortality in mixed-conifer forest was particularly pronounced for quaking aspen (85%) and white fir (28%), the least drought tolerant species present. These results provide an early glimpse of how these forest types are likely to respond to predicted climate changes in the southwestern USA. They suggest that these forests are not resilient to climate change, and that treatments to increase resilience to climate change may be appropriate. Research on causes of spatial heterogeneity in extent of mortality might suggest valuable approaches to aid in increasing resilience.     

Covariation between plant biodiversity and soil systems in a European beech forest and a black pine plantation: the case of Mount Faito,(Campania,Southern Italy)OA

Both climate and land-use changes, including the introduction and spread of allochthonous species, are forecast to affect forest ecosystems. Accordingly, forests will be affected in terms of species composition as well as their soil chemical and biological characteristics. The possible changes in both tree cover and soil system might impact the amount of carbon that is stored in living plants and dead biomass and within the soil itself. Additionally, such alterations can have a strong impact on ...     

Modeling non-catastrophic individual-tree mortality for Pinus radiata plantations in northwestern Spain

An individual-tree mortality model for radiata pine (Pinus radiata D. Don) plantations in northwestern Spain was developed. The model relies on data from three inventories of a network of 130 permanent plots. The equation that predicts the probability of complete survival is a logistic function, which depends on tree size and competition (diameter, mean-squared diameter, stand basal area, dominant height and BALMOD competition index). Several methods of implementing the mortality model were tested (deterministic versus stochastic threshold selection and the use of expansion factors). The best results were obtained when using a fixed cut-off value to decide which trees would survive to the next growing period. When a cut-off value of 0.55 was applied, the model correctly classified 99% of the live trees and 25% of the dead trees. A cut-off of 0.71 provided an estimated mortality rate that was closest to the observed rate. With this cut-off value, the model correctly classified 95% of the live trees and 47% of the dead trees. This cut-off value is recommended when using the model to predict radiata pine individual-tree mortality in the study area.     

Responses of the seedlings of five dominant tree species in Changbai Mountain to soil water stress

Soil water stress was studied on the potted seedlings of five dominant tree species (Pinus koraienes Sieb.et Zucc.,Fraxinus mandshurica Rupr., Juglans mandshurica Maxim, Tilia amurensis Rupr. and Quercus mongolica Fisch.ex Turcz) from the broadleaved/Korean pine forest in Changbai Mountain. Leaf growth, water transpiration and photosynthesis were compared for each species under three soil moisture conditions: 85%-100% (high water, CK), 65%-85% (Medium water, MW) and 45%-65% (low water, LW) of 37.4% water-holding capacity in field. The results showed that the characteristic of typical drought-resistance of the leaves is significantly developed. The net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency of Fraxinus mandshurica were higher in MW than those in CK. But for the other four species, the net photosynthetic rate and water use efficiency in CK were lower than those in MW and LW. The transpiration rate responding to soil moistures varied from species to soecies.