几种麻醉剂对中华仙影海葵麻醉效果的比较

为探讨海葵的麻醉方法,用三种麻醉剂氯化锰(manganese chloride)、硫酸镁(magnesium sulfate)和薄荷醇(methylhydroxyisopro-pylcyclo-hexane)对中华仙影海葵(Cereus sinensis)进行了不同浓度麻醉实验,本文描述了三种麻醉剂对中华仙影海葵的麻醉过程,并对麻醉效果进行了比较。实验结果说明每升试验水体中加入4 m L的氯化锰饱和溶液10~15 min或40~60 m L的硫酸镁(magnesium sulfate)饱和溶液20~25 min均能获得满意的麻醉效果,加入15~35 m L的薄荷醇10%母液30min也能获得较好的麻醉效果,三种麻醉剂麻醉的海葵经过恢复培养均能复苏。初步认为氯化锰和硫酸镁均可用于中华仙影海葵的麻醉,薄荷醇是从天然植物提取,不含对人健康有害的成分,可以用于海葵加工或食物制作的预处理。     

中华仙影海葵(Cereus sinensis Verrill)的人工繁殖试验(上)

中华仙影海葵(Cereus sinensis Verill)隶属于腔肠动物门、珊瑚虫纲、六放珊瑚亚纲、海葵目、绿海葵科、仙影海葵属,是一种辐射对称的二胚层海洋无脊椎生物,基部固着于泥砂中生活,柱体长筒状,体内有隔膜系,口盘宽阔,其上生有触手,以捕捉小型鱼、虾及贝类为食。江浙沿海将其奉为上等佳肴,口感独特,味道鲜美,是一种高档     

金乌贼亲体驯养与繁殖特性研究

为开发利用金乌贼(Sepia esculenta Hoyle)资源,研究了金乌贼亲体驯养与繁殖特性.结果表明:通过药浴、自然条件模拟、投喂活饵等方法能够提高金乌贼亲体驯养成活率,成活率可达82.5%;繁殖过程中,金乌贼求偶、争偶、交配、挂卵等繁殖行为特征明显;产卵基受精卵附着效果对比试验表明,海参筐架附卵效果较好,附卵量大且集中;繁殖过程结束后,金乌贼亲体逐渐死亡,死亡率为100%;并探讨了金乌贼繁育的难点和解决方法.     

性成熟子二代大鲵亲体全长与体质量的回归分析

为性成熟子二代大鲵亲体的人工繁育选苗提供科学指导,本文通过对陕西省汉中市和广东大有大鲵驯养繁殖有限公司自繁123尾性成熟子二代亲体的体质量和全长进行实际测量,利用matlab分析软件对数据进行回归建模分析。结构表明,性成熟子二代体质量和全长直接存在极显著的相关关系,子二代养殖大鲵亲体的体质量和全长直接的主要关系可以用幂函数:y=0.00001129x~(3.312)和三次曲线:y=39400-136.2x+0.1521x~2-0.00004544x~3表达。     

武隆成功开展大鲵人工繁殖试验

武隆境内多条河流有大鲵分布，还具有丰富的地下水资源，适合开展大鲵驯养繁殖。2005年9月下旬，在湖南省东江特种水产繁育基地专家帮助下，驯养大鲵的罗明忠，在仅有二十多尾大鲵亲体、且性腺发育不是很好的情况下，一举催产试验成功，获受精卵300余粒，孵化幼鲵二十六尾。这成功在重庆市属首例。     

珠江口池塘幼鲥养成亲鱼的生理生态研究

通过对对操作前后有后鲥鱼血清中ＡＰ，ＬＤＨ，ｇＧＰＴ，ｓＧＯＴ和ＣＯ２含量的测定分析，初步阐明了“缺氧”是导致鲥离水，操作易死和紧张反应强烈的主要原因。进而采用外源药理学和生态学调控方法，克服了鲥鱼在驯养，操作运输过程中的“紧张综合症”。在池塘条件下首次将鲥鱼从幼鱼驯化养成６龄亲体。     

海葵毒素研究概述

海葵触手上分布有大量的毒腺刺细胞,它们能够在触手接触机体时分泌大量的肽类毒素,用以麻痹或杀死入侵生物,从而达到防御敌害和捕获猎物的目的。根据理化性质和作用机制,海葵毒素主要分为海葵神经毒素和海葵溶细胞素两大类。文章主要对从海葵个体提取的化学多肽和蛋白毒素进行了相关阐述。     

虾蟹类营养繁殖研究进展

甲壳动物亲体在性腺发育过程中的营养需要和生长需要不同,必须给予适当的营养物质才能使亲体的性腺正常发育。亲体性腺发育状况直接影响胚胎和幼体的发育。本文综述了蛋白质、脂肪、维生素等对虾蟹类亲体性腺、胚胎、幼体发育的影响。     

小裂腹鱼全人工繁殖试验

对人工驯养 3年的珍稀野生小裂腹鱼 ,选择性腺发育成熟良好的亲体进行人工繁殖试验获成功 ,催产率 (人工挤卵 ) 1 0 0 %;受精率 77 5 2 %;室内静水孵化 (水温 1 0 0～ 1 5 1℃ ,平均 1 2 6℃ )条件下孵化 ,孵化约 1 6 2h受精卵开始出膜 ,出膜过程达 4 8h ,获鱼苗 1 86 8尾 ,孵化率为 6 8 42 %。     

娃娃鱼人工繁殖技术（下）

二、娃娃鱼亲体培育培育成熟雄性娃娃鱼和雌性娃娃鱼是人工繁殖获得成功的关键因子。也就是要提高雄性娃娃鱼亲体成熟率及精子活力 ,其次是要使雄性亲体与雌性亲体性腺发育同步成熟。１．娃娃鱼亲体培育池和放养（１）亲体培育池 :亲体池要根据娃娃鱼独特的生理特点及生态环境条件进行建造。其目的是为了亲体娃娃鱼生长、发育 ,使之获得更多的成熟亲体 ,供人工繁殖。亲体培育池均要建成封闭式的椭圆形池 ,池内安装多个进水管 ,进水管向同一方向倾斜 ,形成流水。池底要用小卵石间隔２０厘米铺成卵石底 ,池内要用大卵石筑成穴洞 ,穴洞面积占亲…     

海带工厂化低温育苗法及其科学技术基础

海带工厂化低温育苗是一项综合性技术措施,其中心环节是海带的“夏繁”和配子体、幼孢子体的“越夏”。围绕着这二个中心环节,试验研究取得了夏熟种海带培育、集约式平面采光、人工附着基的改进和制作、育苗期间的温光控制和制冷工艺、病害防治、以及水的循环与净化等配套技术和成果,有效地促进了海带养殖业的发展。本试验根据海带生物学特性,以人工模拟的环境条件,结合考虑经济上的合理性,培育出大量幼苗,这对海洋及内陆水域中其他生物资源的开发利用提供了有参考价值的途径。     

Characterization of a new hemolytic protein toxin from the sea anemone Anthopleura asiatica

A 20-kDa protein toxin (bandaporin) was isolated from the sea anemone Anthopleura asiatica (Actiniidae) using the precipitation of ammonium sulfate saturation, and ion-exchange and gel-permeation chromatographies. Bandaporin showed potent hemolytic activity (EC₅₀ value: 8.8 ng/ml to 0.8% suspension of sheep red blood cells) and lethal toxicity to crayfish (LD₁₀₀ value: 0.58 mg/kg). The hemolytic activity of bandaporin was inhibited specifically by sphingomyelin. Eight other tested membrane lipids, including cholesterol, and gangliosides GM1 and GM2, did not inhibit bandaporin hemolytic activity. Antimicrobial and phospholipase A₂ (PLA₂) activities were not detected in bandaporin. The complementary DNA (cDNA) encoding bandaporin was sequenced and the deduced amino acid sequence of bandaporin revealed that this actinoporin had not been previously characterized. Actinoporins are cytolytic peptide toxins that are widely distributed in Actiniidae and Stichodactylidae sea anemones. This study was the first characterization of an actinoporin from a sea anemone of the genus Anthopleura.     

人工海水培育罗氏沼虾幼体试验

按海盐∶MgSO4∶CaCl2∶KCl∶H3B3O3∶KBr∶EDTA∶生石灰为2000∶600∶72∶36∶24∶4∶1∶2的比例配制成人工海水,研究在该人工海水中培育罗氏沼虾幼体的可行性。结果表明,人工海水中的Mg2+、K+、Ca2+的比值为3∶1∶1,与天然海水接近,且水质无毒性作用;人工海水培育80万尾罗氏沼虾虾苗,获得68万尾幼体,成活率约为85%,蜕皮率为16.82%,特定生长率为25.34%/d,高于天然海水的培育水平。结果表明,自制人工海水可用于罗氏沼虾幼体培育。     

Effect of low temperature rearing, using deep-sea water, on gonadal maturation of the short-spined sea urchin, Strongylocentrotus intermedius, in Rausu, Hokkaido

It has long been hoped that sea urchins could be served to visitors to seafood restaurants, hotels, and summer festivals in Rausu, located in the world natural heritage site ??Shiretoko,?? during the summer tourist season. However, to date this has not been feasible because of the sea urchin spawning season (July?CSeptember), during which the quality of the gonads, the edible part of the sea urchin, decreases due to maturation. In this study, we examined the possibility of suppressing gonadal maturation and maintaining high-quality sea urchin gonads by low-temperature rearing using deep-sea water. Unripe sea urchins captured before the spawning season were reared under two temperature conditions from June to September. In those groups reared at ambient temperatures (2.8?C19.6?°C), gametogenesis in both sexes progressed rapidly with increased temperature, and almost all sea urchins reached full maturity by late July. In contrast, in groups reared at low temperatures (2.1?C5.1?°C), gametogenesis progressed slowly and >60?% of the sea urchins did not reach maturity even by early September. The feeding experiment also revealed that feeding with live Saccharina diabolica could increase the gonadal volume efficiently under low-temperature rearing conditions. These results demonstrate that low-temperature rearing, supplemented with feeding, is effective in suppressing gametogenesis to allow for the harvesting of high-quality sea urchins during the summer tourist season.     

国内外海参自然资源、养殖状况及存在问题

海参含有丰富的蛋白质和黏多糖,营养和药用价值极高。自20世纪80年代以来,海参的几种重要商业品种的苗种培育在日本、中国和印度等国家相继获得成功。近年来,海参消费需求的逐步扩大导致世界范围内海参自然资源的过度开发和种群数量的急剧下降,海参的人工养殖随之兴起。目前,国内海参养殖规模不断扩大,养殖方式多种多样。然而养殖的过速发展和不规范运作也造成了如生态环境恶化、病害等诸多问题。本文综述了国内外海参的自然资源、种群分布,以及目前海参主要养殖品种的苗种培育和增养殖技术要点,就海参养殖中存在的主要问题进行了探讨并提出了相应的对策。     

Seawater tolerance and morphological assessment of yearling sea trout (Salmo trutta L.)

To study seawater tolerance and make a morphological assessment of yearling sea trout, their maturation and smoltification signs were estimated in two different fish rearing systems in Latvia,—in recirculating and flow-through system. For yearling sea trout (Salmo trutta L.), fish hypo-osmoregulatory ability was evaluated using seawater tolerance test, also fish morphological parameters were analyzed from January to May. April and May are months when smoltification occurs for wild sea trout in nature. Sea trout from recirculating system initially showed better growth, higher survival rate, and hypo-osmoregulatory ability, due to the elevated rearing water temperature. However, the situation completely changed in May when natural smoltification peaked and wild sea trout migration to the sea occurred—survival rate for yearling sea trout reared in recirculating system dropped to zero. Nevertheless, survival of fish from flow-through system increased, reaching 33%. Furthermore, in flow-through systems, sea trout that survived had significantly lower condition factor, also silvering level was higher compared those who did not survive. Weight was not a useful factor for determination of sea trout smoltification. The most part of yearling sea trout did not smoltify at the age of 1 year and should be reared for one more year before release in natural watercourses foreseen for migration to the sea.

     

黑鲷工厂化育苗研究(Ⅰ)——小水体育苗试验

本文报道了1981～1983年黑鲷小水体工厂化育苗试验结果。涉及到亲鱼捕捞、暂养、自然产卵、人工催产、采卵孵化、鱼苗发育与生长、饵料系列、培苗条件以及工厂化育苗工艺等方面。另外,还提出了黑鲷苗各发育期的形态与生态特征检索表,可供育苗生产参改。     

Agar‐based pellets as feed for sea urchins (Paracentrotus lividus): rheological behaviour,digestive enzymes and gonad growth

The algal polysaccharide agar has long been used as a food binder due to its structure, rheological behaviour, stability and interactions – properties that help to generate firm, round, disk‐shaped pellets that may be used in recirculating sea urchin‐rearing systems. Three algae‐based diets (Ulva lactuca, Gracilaria gracilis, Cystoseira sp.) containing 3% and 6% agar were tested on the sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in order to examine the effect of varying percentages of agar on pellet stability in water and sea urchin gonad growth. The kinetics of water absorption and solute leaching of pellets were measured by immersing quadruplicate samples of the pellets in water for 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 and 6 days. Our results show that the pellets had good water stability, were readily consumed by sea urchins and the presence of agar did not hamper sea urchin gonad growth. Animals fed Ulva‐containing pellets reached a more advanced gametogenic stage with respect to animals fed Cystoseira‐ and Gracilaria‐containing pellets. Moreover, the presence of agarase activity in the digestive system indicated that agar may be an energy source. Pellets are relatively low cost and easy to prepare and store. They may represent a useful resource for rearing sea urchins under intensive conditions.     

Behaviour of European sea bass,Dicentrarchus labrax L., in cages – impact of early life rearing conditions and management

European sea bass, Dicentrarchus labrax L., groups reared under different conditions during larval stages (mesocosm and intensive rearing) were monitored during on‐growing in sea cages until marketable size (350–400 g). Four caged groups were followed for a period of 17 months each at a pilot scale farm, where vertical distribution behaviour was monitored. This was performed while fish were under calm conditions, during feeding and when stress events occurred. Also during two specific periods: (i) spawning and (ii) high water temperature. Clear differences in the behavioural pattern of swimming depth, displacement and used space between the groups were observed. The individuals from the mesocosm rearing were more sensitive to human presence, showing stronger reactions (speed of displacement and vertical distribution). Most pronounced differences were observed during the ‘extreme’ warm period and the reproductive season. Within the seasons, European sea bass responded during feeding and stress showing a tendency to move deeper compared to calm conditions. The increased displacements were longer during feeding and stress.     

Increasing the stocking density in Paracentrotus lividus larviculture: Effects on survival and metamorphosis rates

The development of sustainable methods for sea urchin juvenile production is currently constrained by high mortality rates during larval growth and the high costs of larval rearing systems management. With the aim of developing a method for the production of juveniles of the purple sea urchin Paracentrotus lividus in a medium‐scale recirculating system, the present study focused on the effects of high stocking densities on larval growth. Plutei larvae were reared at three different densities (up to 7 ind/ml) in a semi‐static culture system. Larval survival and metamorphosis success were evaluated in order to identify the most effective density range. The highest metamorphosis rates (80%–95%) were obtained at 4 and 7 larvae/ml. These results are comparable with (and in some cases higher than) those reported for the same species at much lower larval densities. In conclusion, the rearing conditions tested here show for the first time that a significantly higher (4 ind/ml) stocking density than those of traditional P. lividus rearing methods (based on large volumes and low densities) can be adopted, thus supporting the feasibility of an increase in the final output of competent larvae with no increase in rearing volumes.