麦喜防除麦田阔叶杂草技术问答

<正> 1.麦喜是一种什么样的除草剂?麦喜是一种专门用来防除麦田阔叶杂草的苗后茎叶处理除草剂。它是由双氟磺草胺和唑嘧磺草胺复配而成,属第二代磺酰胺类新型除草剂。施药后麦喜能被杂草的根、茎、叶吸收,抑制杂草体内乙酰乳酸合成酶(ALS)的形成,使杂草生长停止,导致杂草死亡。麦喜对小(大)麦高度安全,商品为5.8%麦喜悬浮剂,由美国陶氏益农公司研制开发。     

直播稻田恶性杂草防除方法

<正>据有关专家对江苏等地调查研究,直播稻田的杂草一般先于水稻种子萌发,与稻同步生长。水直播稻田有多个出草高峰,水稻播后5～7天出现第一个出草高峰,以稗、千金子、鳢肠为     

小麦田禾本科杂草的发生与防治

介绍了小麦田禾本科杂草的危害、发生特点及出草规律,提出了相应的麦田杂防除技术和注意事项,以供参考。     

小麦田禾本科杂草——雀麦防除技术

<正>雀麦,老百姓俗称野麦子。近两年危害越来越大,严重地块造成小麦减产50%,甚至毁种或倒茬。防除小麦田雀麦成为老百姓亟须解决的问题。实践证明,70%氟唑磺隆(彪虎)是防治雀麦的一个理想产品。该产品由爱利思达生物化学品北美有限公司生产,2004年     

麦田恶性杂草节节麦的危害与防除研究

介绍了节节麦的形态特征与习性,分析了节节麦的发生原因与产生的危害,提出了节节麦的综合防除技术措施。     

大豆田杂草的发生及化学防除

黑龙江省北部高寒区是大豆主产区,该区人少地多,自80年代初开始较大面积地推广大豆田化学除草,现已取得了很大成就。由于该区近年轮作制度的改变、化学除草剂的使用及杂草抗药性产生等原因,致使大豆田杂草种群变化、群落演替加速,导致杂草的危害程度逐年加重。现将...     

麦极防除小麦田禾本科杂草的效果及其应用技术

<正>15%麦极WP是防除小麦田禾本科杂草的专用除草剂,为了解其在当地使用的防除效果及其应用技术,为大面积推广应用提供科学的理论依据,我们受先正达公司的委托,于2008年在江苏省南通市金沙镇进行了15%麦极WP不同用     

如何防除茭白田杂草

<正>茭白田杂草与水稻田杂草种类较相似,主要有稗草、鸭舌草、异型莎草、瓜皮草、眼子菜、水莎草、扁秆草等。其化学防治方法如下。1.茭白返青出芽前1～2天,每亩用50%扑草净可湿性粉剂50克,对水40～50公斤喷雾或拌细土20～30公斤撒施。     

棉花田杂草化学防除现状及趋势

<正>棉花是我国重要的经济作物,常年种植面积超过500万hm2,占经济作物总面积的26%,是国民经济的重要支柱产业。棉田杂草因与棉花争光、争水、争养分、寄生多种病虫害等原因,严重影响了棉花的正常生长,常年造成皮棉减产约25万     

7种土壤处理除草剂对冬小麦田杂草的防治效果

为了探明7种除草剂土壤喷雾施药对冬小麦田一年生杂草的防治效果与对冬小麦的安全性,参照《农药田间药效试验准则》相应方法于田间比较了施药前浇水与施药后浇水两种模式下防效与安全性的差异。结果表明,药剂在施药后浇水处理模式下对杂草总体的防效优于施药前浇水处理模式;试验剂量下,施药后浇水模式中氟噻草胺药后150天对猪殃殃、播娘蒿、看麦娘3种杂草的总体株数防效和鲜重防效均高于95%,噁草酮有效量720 g/hm²处理对播娘蒿、看麦娘的鲜重防效高于95%,对猪殃殃的鲜重防效则高于85%。从安全性、防效及除草剂减量角度综合分析,推荐在小麦田使用氟噻草胺和噁草酮进行土壤封闭处理,一次施药即有理想的防除效果。     

不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草发生规律及产量的影响

为了摸清新型耕作模式下四川小麦田杂草发生规律及防除方法,通过以传统翻耕为对照,连续5年定田定点研究了不同耕作方式对小麦田杂草发生规律及产量的影响,结果表明：不同耕作方式下,小麦田杂草种类基本相同。免耕不覆盖处理的杂草数量最多,翻耕次之,免耕覆盖稻草最少。小麦田杂草有2个出苗高峰：小麦播后2~3周有一个大的出苗高峰;播后6~7周有一个小高峰。不同耕作方式下杂草对小麦株高和分蘖无明显影响;免耕覆盖稻草与翻耕处理的小麦产量相当,且均明显高于免耕不覆盖处理。说明免耕覆盖稻草既可以显著降低杂草发生数量和为害,同时又可以明显增加小麦产量,应用前景广阔。     

6种除草剂对谷子的安全性和杂草防效

为筛选对谷子安全的除草剂,采用室内生物测定法,使用嗪草酮、二氯异噁草酮、丙炔氟草胺、唑嘧磺草胺、砜吡草唑、特丁津6种除草剂,分别在谷子苗前和苗后2个时期用药。采用田间小区试验研究室内生物试验所筛选得到的特丁津的杂草防治效果和安全性。室内生物测定结果表明,6种除草剂苗前用药对谷子的鲜重抑制率均超过20%,并出现死苗;除草剂同剂量下苗后茎叶处理对谷子株高和鲜重的抑制程度均低于其土壤处理,其中嗪草酮、丙炔氟草胺和砜吡草唑对谷子的鲜重抑制率均超过20%;50%特丁津悬浮剂1500、1800 g/hm²对谷子的鲜重抑制率分别为0.76%、2.99%,对反枝苋的防效达98.42%、100%。田间小区试验表明,50%特丁津悬浮剂1500、1800 g/hm²对阔叶杂草的鲜重防效分别为93.46%、95.84%,较空白对照增产41.40%、41.82%。嗪草酮等6种除草剂苗前土壤处理对谷子的安全性低,特丁津有在谷田作为茎叶处理剂防除阔叶杂草的应用前景。     

不同除草剂组合对麦田杂草发生和小麦产量的影响

为了解不同除草剂组合对麦田杂草发生状况和小麦产量的影响,于2016—2017年选用高产小麦品种‘淮麦43号’进行大田试验,共设置了5个除草处理(T₁:人工拔草、T₂:5%唑啉草酯+50%异丙隆+15%双氟·氯氟吡、T₃:4%啶磺草胺+50%异丙隆+15%双氟·氯氟吡、T₄:4%啶磺草胺+15%双氟·氯氟吡和T₅:15%炔草酯+50 g·L双氟磺草胺),以不除草为对照(CK)。结果表明,与对照相比,施用除草剂后均显著降低了单位面积杂草的发生数目和重量,其中T₃和T₄表现较好的防除效果,达到90%以上。小麦的产量随着杂草数量和重量的增加而降低。同对照相比,除草后小麦产量均显著增加,其中T₂和T₃的小麦产量与T₁(人工除草)处理增产幅度最大,其次为T₄,T₅增产的幅度最小。从生理指标分析,T₁、T_2<...     

青海省春麦田杂草种类组成及群落特征

对青海省春小麦田杂草发生种类、群落构成及发生规律进行了调查研究。结果表明:青海省春麦田杂草共有87种,隶属于25科。其中单子叶植物1科8种,双子叶植物24科79种。猪殃殃、藜、荞麦蔓、密花香薷、节裂角茴香、萹蓄等6种杂草为田间的优势杂草;尼泊尔蓼、西伯利亚蓼、野燕麦、芦苇、繁缕、苣荬菜、大刺儿菜为田间区域性优势杂草。发生规律的研究表明青海川水地区春麦田杂草出苗高峰期在5月中、下旬;脑山地区春麦田杂草出苗高峰期在5月上、中旬,1~2cm土层是杂草出苗的最适深度。青海春麦田杂草由过去的野燕麦和一年生双子叶杂草为主的群落结构明显向以多年生杂草和部分耐药性强的一年生杂草为主的群落结构演替。     

Response of Weed Communities to Legume Living Mulches in Winter Wheat

In order to obtain information about the impact of legume cover crops on the weed community in organic farming, winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was directly drilled in rows 0.1875 and 0.3750 m apart in living mulches that consisted of Trifolium repens L. (TRFRE), T. subterraneum L. (TRFSU), Medicago truncatula Gaertner (MEDTR), and Lotus corniculatus L. (LOTCO). A control treatment without cover crops (NAT, the site‐specific weed community) was also established. The vegetation between the wide rows was either mulched or left undisturbed. The effect of liquid farmyard manure (60 m³ ha⁻¹) was also tested. TRFRE, TRFSU, and LOTCO effectively suppressed Poa annua L. and Matricaria recutita L. at site 1 and P. annua, Capsella bursa‐pastoris (L.) Med., and Stellaria media (L.) Vill. at site 2 when compared with NAT. MEDTR, which died during the winter, provided little weed suppression. Mulching significantly suppressed dicotyledonous weed species, but favoured Poa trivialis L. No manure effect was observed. Winter hardy legume cover crops contribute to weed suppression in winter wheat. However, careful evaluation of cover crop × weed × management interactions is necessary to understand the risk for the establishment of problematic weeds.     

Crop and Weed Growth in a Sequence of Spring Barley and Winter Wheat Crops Established Together from a Spring Sowing (Relay Cropping)

A relay cropping system of cereals, whereby winter wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) was undersown in two‐row spring barley (Hordeum distichum L.), was established in a field trial in central Sweden in 1999 and continued until 2000. The purpose of the study was to examine crop and weed responses to different plant densities of the undersown winter crop. Winter wheat was sown at four seed rates (187, 94, 47 and 0 kg ha^?1) immediately after the sowing of barley. Barley was harvested in the first autumn after sowing and winter wheat in the second autumn. The grain yield of barley was not affected by the seed rate of wheat, and averaged 4580 kg ha^?1. Winter wheat did not vernalize during the first growing season but remained at the vegetative stage. The grain yield of wheat was 1990 kg ha^?1 for the lowest and 5610 kg ha^?1 for the highest seed rate of wheat. Whilst the undersowing process itself stimulated weed emergence in this experiment, increasing the undersowing seed rate reduced the population of perennial weeds by 40–70 %. In the second growing season, the total biomass of weeds was 66 % higher at the highest seed rate compared with the lowest seed rate.     

Effect of Sowing Date and Weed Control on Grain Yield and its Components in Some Wheat Cultivars

The influence of sowing dates (Oct. 21, Nov. 10, Nov. 30 and Dec. 21), weed control treatments using Brominal, Tribunil herbicides as compared to hand weeding and unweeded treatments on the yield performance of newly released spring wheat varieties ( Sakha 8, Sakha 61 and Giza 157 was studied during 1980/81, 1981/82 and 1982/83 seasons. According to the combined analysis the results could be summarized as follows:

• 1. 

  Sowing date had significant effect on grain yield and some other characters such as plant height, days to heading and maturity, weight of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight. Highest grain yield was obtained when wheat was sown during Nov. Dry weight of weeds was not significantly affected by sowing date.
• 2. 

  Differences between cultivars reached to the significant level in plant height, spike length, number of grains per spike and 1000-grain weight.
• 3. 

  Weed control treatments had significant effect on most studied traits. Grain yield was nearly the same when Tribunil (3.5 kg/ha), Brominal (2.4 1/ha) or hand weeding was used. Grain yield of unweed treatment decreased by 10.9%, 10.9% and 9.8% compared to the former treatments, respectively.
• 4. 

  Data showed that Tribunil was more effective on both grassy and broad leaved weeds, however, Brominal was effective only on broad leaved.

     

蔗园恶性杂草香附子药剂防除效果评价

为筛选蔗园恶性杂草香附子的理想安全性除草剂,选用20%噻吩磺隆WP和65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP进行田间药效试验。田间试验结果表明：20%噻吩磺隆WP和65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP对蔗园恶性杂草香附子均具有良好的防除效果,是防除蔗园恶性杂草香附子的理想除草剂。20%噻吩磺隆WP最适宜用量为1125 g/hm²（有效成分225 g）、65%甲·灭·敌草隆WP为3150 g/hm²（有效成分2047.5 g）。2种药剂均可在香附子生长旺盛期（株高10~15 cm）,按每公顷用药量兑水675 kg进行定向茎叶喷雾,药后15天防除效果可达87.9%以上。     

5种药剂对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力测定和田间防效研究

为筛选防治草地贪夜蛾的高效安全药剂,本研究以草地贪夜蛾幼虫为试验对象,采用浸渍法测定了5种杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾的室内毒力,并进行田间防效试验。室内毒力试验结果表明,5种供试杀虫剂对草地贪夜蛾均有不同程度的毒杀作用,其LC₅₀值的大小顺序为：5%甲维盐ME<60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC<10%虫螨腈SC<40%辛硫磷EC<90%敌百虫SP。田间防效试验结果表明,5种供试杀虫剂都对草地贪夜蛾幼虫有很好的防治效果,60 g/L乙基多杀菌素SC、10%虫螨腈SC和40%辛硫磷EC在72 h后防效均可达到100%,5%甲维盐ME和90%敌百虫SP在72 h后防效达到90%以上。因此,这5种杀虫剂可作为防治草地贪夜蛾的有效药剂。