不同激素制剂对青年母猪诱导发情效果研究

本研究应用4种激素制剂己烯雌酚、孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)、PMSG+人绒毛膜促性腺激素(HCG)及猪宝灵分别对青年母猪进行了诱导发情研究。结果表明:后两种激素制剂的诱导发情率和情期受胎率明显优于前两种制剂,且可以明显提高青年母猪的窝产仔数及活仔数。使用适宜剂量的HCG提高青年母猪的诱导发情效果是可行的。     

生殖激素制剂对母猪诱导发情效果研究

用ＰＸ－７００制剂对爱情母猪进行诱导发情处理，并与三合激素、Ｐ、Ｇ．６００进行了比较，结果表明，母猪受配率、受经均高于后两种催情激素；母猪产仔数、受胎率与自然发情母猪无显著差异（Ｐ〉０．０５），对母猪的正常繁殖性能无影响。诱导发情母猪９４．１２％集中在注射ＰＸ－７００制剂的４８～１２０小时内发情，其发 峰集中在注药后７２～１２０小时（８７．０６％），ＰＸ－７００制剂可促使母猪的发情同期化。同时，讨     

改进集约化条件下瘦肉型母猪繁殖力综合技术措施研究初报

本研究试验了（１）孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）诱导乏情后备母猪发情受胎的效果;（２）ＰＭＳＧ结合氯前列烯醇（ＰＧ）诱导乏情后备地和经产母猪发情受胎的效果;（３）环内沙星结合５％盐水和ＰＧ治疗母猪子宫炎症的效果。结果表明,单独使用ＰＭＳＧ诱导乏情后备母猪发情时发情率高,但受胎率不理想;ＰＭＳＧ结合ＰＧ诱导乏情的后备和经产母猪发情的效率好,发情后受胎率亦高;利用环丙沙星结合５％盐水和ＰＧ醇治疗母猪子     

乏情青年母猪的诱导发情研究

采用孕马血清促性腺激素(PMSG)、PG600及HCG+苯甲酸雌二醇分别对乏情青年母猪进行了诱导发情研究。结果表明:乏情青年母猪经上述3种激素制剂处理后,发情率分别为62.5%、85%和87.5%;情期受胎率分别为60.00%、88.24%和57.14%。与自然发情的青年母猪相比,乏情青年母猪肌注PMSG后,其窝产仔数、窝产活仔数分别提高1.2、0.9头,断奶-发情间隔缩短5.5d;而用肌注PG600的,其窝产仔数、窝产活仔数分别提高1.4、1.0头,断奶-发情间隔缩短5.6d。     

季节对母猪诱导发情效果的影响

应用PMSG制剂分别在不同季节对母猪进行了诱导发情研究。结果表明 :夏季母猪的情期受胎率显著 (P<0 .0 5 )低于春季、秋季和冬季 ;而冬季母猪的诱导发情率则极显著 (P <0 .0 1 )低于其它三个季节。因此 ,季节对母猪诱导发情效果影响较大 ,处理的最佳季节是春季和秋季     

孕马血清加前列腺素提高乏情母猪受胎率的试验

应用孕马血清促性腺激素（ＰＭＳＧ）结合注射前列腺素（ＰＧ）对１６头不发情的后备母猪和体况中等、偏肥、偏瘦经产母猪进行诱导发情。乏情母猪总发情率为７５０％、总受胎率为８５７％。乏情后备母猪的发情率和受胎率均为１００％;经产乏情母猪的发情率为７１４％,受胎率为８００％;膘情偏瘦和偏肥乏情母猪的发情率和受胎率分别为６３６％和６６７％。表明了ＰＭＳＧ结合ＰＧ处理能够成功诱导乏情的后备母猪和各种体况的经产母猪发情,并提高其受胎率。     

猪宝灵的开发和应用研究

将５１头经产母猪随机分成两组，试验组３７头，于断奶后１２小时内注射猪宝灵６００ＩＵ，对照组不作处理，以观察同期发情率，情期受胎率和产仔质量。用猪宝灵分别处理４８头乏情母猪和１２头初情青年母猪，以观察其调节体内激素代谢水平，治疗某些繁殖疾病。研究结果表明：同期发情试验，受试组与对照组之间的同期发情率差异显著（Ｐ＜０．０１）。处理乏情母猪发情率８７．５％（４２／４８）情期受胎率８３．３％（３５／４２），初期青年母猪诱导发情率８３．３％（１０／１２），情期受胎率８０％（８／１０）。确立了猪宝灵处理不同类型母猪，对初情青年母猪有诱导性早熟作用，提高了经产母猪同期发情水平，同时又能有效地治疗乏情母猪，以达到最佳排卵率和较理想受胎率。因此猪宝灵的应用对提高母猪繁殖力，实现工厂化、集约化批次生产商品猪起了积极作用，产生了良好的经济效益，促进了养猪业的发展     

中草药制剂对乏情母猪催情效果的观察

本实验选取64头膘情适中，外观无疾病，健康的乏情母猪随机分成试验组和对照组，试验组中草药制剂进行催情；对照组不采取处理措施。实验结果：试验组发情率为93．75％；对照组发情率为15．63％，差异极显著。     

母猪乏情和返情的主要原因和对策

当前，在猪的繁殖方面，令养猪者十分头疼的问题是母猪的乏情和返情。所谓乏情就是不发情，后备母猪到了该发情的年龄和体重不发情，或者母猪断奶后发情推迟或不发情。返情就是配过的母猪，在一个情期（3周左右）后再发情，有的甚至屡配不孕。乏情和返情是造成猪群受胎率低、分娩率低和母猪年产胎次少的主要因素之所在。     

LRH-A3对乏情青年母猪繁殖性能的影响

选择100头长×大乏情青年母猪,随机分为两组(试验组和对照组)每组各50头,应用外源性激素LRHA3对乏情母猪进行发情调节,比较乏情母猪的发情率、受胎率、断奶发情间隔、窝产仔数等指标。研究结果表明:LRHA3处理后,母猪的发情率、受胎率分别为93.76%和95.56%,比对照组分别提高了30.13%(P<0.01)和9.85%(P<0.05);母猪断奶发情间隔的平均天数为7.56d,比对照组缩短了7.07d(P<0.01);母猪第一胎、第二胎窝均产活仔数比对照组分别多2.11头(P<0.05)、1.94头(P<0.05)。由此可见,LRHA3对乏情母猪发情调节作用显著。     

Reproductive performance of sows treated with a combination of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin and human chorionic gonadotropin at weaning in the summer

During the summer and fall of 1987, sows from eight herds in three states were assigned randomly to receive either a combination of 400 IU of pregnant mare's serum gonadotropin with 200 IU of hCG (P.G. 600) or no treatment at weaning. A treatment x parity interaction was observed for days to first estrus after treatment and percentage anestrus (percentage of sows not achieving estrus within 10 d after weaning). Relative to primiparous control sows, primiparous sows given P.G. 600 expressed estrus sooner (P less than .02) after weaning (6.0 vs 7.8 +/- .6 d) and exhibited less (P less than .02) postweaning anestrus (15.6 vs 29.2 +/- 4.0%). Second parity sows that received P.G. 600 showed estrus sooner (P less than .06) than second-parity control sows (4.7 vs 6.4 +/- .7 d). Days to first estrus after treatment did not differ between groups for parity-three and older sows, and percentage anestrus was not different between treatments for parity-two and older sows. The herd X treatment interaction was significant for percentage recycled (percentage of successfully mated sows that returned to estrus), subsequent farrowing rate, and subsequent number of pigs born dead. Number of pigs born alive was lower for sows treated with P.G. 600 than for control sows (10.55 vs 10.10 +/- .18; P less than .02). In summary, treatment of sows weaned in the summer and fall with P.G. 600 had decreased days to postweaning estrus in parity-one and -two sows and reduced frequency of postweaning anestrus in primiparous sows.     

Altrenogest and fat for summer breeding of primiparous sows

Delaying the onset of estrus after weaning and adding fat to the postweaning diet were studied for their effects on estrus and fertility in 232 crossbred primiparous sows on a commercial swine farm. Sows were assigned randomly to the following treatments after weaning in June, July, August, or September, 1983: 1) altrenogest (20 mg/d) was fed for 7 d after weaning (n = 76), 2) altrenogest was fed for 7 d plus .53 kg dried animal and vegetable fat product (.45 kg actual fat/d) for 14 d after weaning (n = 78), or 3) no treatment (controls, n = 78). While a similar proportion of sows came into heat after weaning (lactation length = 4 wk), sows fed altrenogest (14.4 +/- .2 d) returned to estrus about 9 d later (P less than .01) than controls (5.6 +/- .2 d). Serum progesterone concentration was assayed in blood samples collected from a subgroup (74%) of the cows not observed in estrus by 3 wk after weaning to determine possible causes of anestrus. If serum progesterone (greater than 5 ng/ml) was elevated, we assumed that sows had ovulated without expressing estrus (behavioral anestrus) or ovulated with undetected estrus (less overt estrus or error in estrous detection), whereas low progesterone (less than or equal to 5 ng/ml) indicated that sows were anovulatory. About 53% of the sows not observed in estrus across all treatments had luteal function, probably resulting from post-weaning ovulation. Incidence of anovulation without estrus was 47%. Farrowing rate was higher (P less than .05) for sows fed only altrenogest (64%) compared with controls (46%), but similar to fat supplemented, altrenogest-treated sows (52%).(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)     

Effect of boar presence before and after weaning on estrus and ovulation in sows

Two hundred sixty-two sows were used to investigate the effects of boar exposure during the last week of nursing (BPRE) and after weaning (BPOST) on the return to estrus. Because approximately one-half of the sows were weaning their first litter, a third factor, primiparous vs multiparous (LITT), was considered in the statistical analysis. To evaluate the effect of treatment on ovarian activity, the sows were also blood-sampled twice weekly for 3 wk after weaning for the measurement of plasma progesterone concentrations as an index of ovulation. Boar exposure after weaning was the most important stimulus of early ovulation and estrus after weaning (P less than .001). A greater proportion of first-litter sows exhibited estrus later (P less than .02) and ovulated later (P less than .09) than did multiparous sows. First-litter sows were unaffected (P greater than .10) by boar exposure before weaning. Multiparous sows were sensitive to boar exposure during nursing. Maximal boar exposure for these sows (BPRE + BPOST) resulted in 95% of sows in estrus and ovulating within 20 d of weaning. No boar exposure resulted in 45% and 38% anestrus and anovulatory sows. Boar exposure, either before or after weaning, was effective in reducing the number of anestrus and anovulatory sows to between 15 to 30%. The effects of BPRE and BPOST on return to ovulation were additive and approximately equal.     

温湿度与母猪受胎率关系的研究

通过对中山市某大型猪场 449头母猪第一情期受胎率的统计及其与温湿度等主要气候生态因子的相关分析表明 ,气温对母猪第一情期受胎率的影响较大 ,它们之间呈极显著的负相关关系。其中月均气温、平均最高气温、平均最低气温及高于 30℃天数与母猪第一情期受胎率的相关系数分别为 - 0 8875 ,- 0 850 7、 - 0 90 84和 - 0 90 5 9,而气湿与情期受胎率的相关系数只有 - 0 2 65 7,经检验相关关系不显著 (P >0 0 5)。高温高湿的气候 ,最易使母猪第一情期受胎率下降。改善养猪的环境 ,夏季要注意防暑或调整日粮或配种时间 ,以提高受胎率     

Anestrus in Pigs: Confirmation by a Solid-phase RIA for Progesterone and Subsequent Response to Treatment

All gilts not detected in estrus by eight months of age and any sows not observed in estrus by 14 days post-weaning, throughout a six month period in a University research herd, were bled on Monday and Thursday and plasma progesterone was measured by a solid-phase RIA. Basal concentrations of progesterone in both samples were considered indicative of true anestrus while one or more elevated values suggested that ovarian activity was present. Progesterone was basal in both samples from 44 of 70 gilts and all of the 23 sows tested. These anestrous animals were injected with either 400 IU PMSG plus 200 IU hCG or with 500 IU hCG plus 1 mg estradiol benzoate. The two treatments were equally effective with 60% of the injected females showing estrus and being successfully inseminated within ten days after treatment. Most of the gilts with elevated progesterone concentrations in the initial samples showed estrus within the following three weeks. The rapid solid-phase assay was able to differentiate between basal and luteal-phase levels of progesterone using unextracted plasma and could be a useful diagnostic aid for veterinarians attempting to determine major reasons for anestrus in gilts and sows.     

配种前药物处理对母猪繁殖性能的影响

为了减少人工授精过程中人为操作引入的病原微生物,改善母猪断奶后不发情、延迟发情或发情后配种不受孕所导致的母猪繁殖性能降低的现象,在饲养管理良好、免疫程序健全的条件下,试验采用在母猪配种前对其进行药物处理。将试验母猪随机分为2组,A组为断奶经产母猪(n=65),B组为第2情期后的后备母猪(n=58)。将A组进一步分为A-Ⅰ组(n=36,投药组)和A-Ⅱ组(n=29,空白对照组),B组进一步分为B-Ⅰ组(n=34,投药组)和B-Ⅱ组(n=24,空白对照组)。统计发情率、受胎率、分娩率及产仔数等繁殖指标。结果表明:A-Ⅰ组每头母猪断奶10 d内发情率为100%,与A-Ⅱ组发情率(96.55%)相比差异不显著(P>0.05);A-Ⅰ组情期受胎率为91.67%,分娩率为86.11%,产仔数为11.32头,而A-Ⅱ组情期受胎率为85.71%,分娩率为78.57%,产仔数为9.95头,差异均显著(P<0.05);B组内,除健仔数外其余各指标差异均不显著(P>0.05)。说明在配种前给经产母猪投药,可以改善母猪繁殖力。     

影响断奶母猪发情率的原因及应对措施

本文旨在讨论影响断奶母猪发情率的原因及其解决措施,通过分析得出影响断奶母猪发情率的因素有营养、膘情、胎次、环境控制、霉菌毒素、光照、诱情、生殖系统感染、断奶日龄、卵巢囊肿以及一些疾病因素.根据这些原因对母猪发情的影响,讨论其应对措施.在仔猪断奶前后应做好母猪的饲养管理工作,根据母猪膘情合理饲喂,做好母猪生活环境的控制工...     

母猪诱导发情技术

本文就母猪各种诱导发情方法的原理及应用现状进行了概述。认为诱导排卵技术是解决母猪生理性乏情的根本途径。     

Administration of p.g. 600 to sows at weaning and the time of ovulation as determined by transrectal ultrasound

This study determined whether the interval from estrus to ovulation was altered by giving P.G. 600 to sows at weaning. Mixed-parity sows received P.G. 600 i.m. (n = 72) or no treatment (n = 65) at weaning (d 0). Beginning on d 0, sows were observed for estrus twice daily. At the onset of estrus and thereafter, ultrasound was performed twice daily to determine the average size of the largest follicles and time of ovulation. Weaning age (20.1+/-0.4 d) did not differ (P > 0.10) between treatments. More P.G. 600 sows expressed estrus within 8 d (P < 0.01) than controls (94.4% vs 78.4%, respectively). Parity was associated with expression of estrus (P < 0.02), with 78% of first-parity and 93% of later-parity sows exhibiting estrus. However, no treatment x parity effect was observed (P > 0.10). The interval from weaning to estrus was reduced (P < 0.0001) by P.G. 600 compared with controls (3.8+/-0.1 d vs 4.9+/-0.1 d). Follicle size at estrus was not affected by treatment (P > 0.10). The percentage of sows that ovulated did not differ (P > 0.10) for P.G. 600 and control sows (90.3% vs 81.5%, respectively). Time of ovulation after estrus was not affected by treatment and averaged 44.8 h. However, univariate analysis indicated that the interval from weaning to estrus influenced the interval from estrus to ovulation (r = 0.43, P < 0.0001). Further, multivariate analysis showed an effect of treatment on the intervals from weaning to estrus, weaning to ovulation (P < 0.0001), and estrus to ovulation (P < 0.04). Within 4 d after weaning, 81% of the P.G. 600 sows had expressed estrus compared with 33% of controls. However, this trend reversed for ovulation, with only 35% of P.G. 600 sows ovulating by 36 h after estrus compared with 40% of controls. The estrus-to-ovulation interval was also longer for control and P.G. 600 sows expressing estrus < or = 3 d of weaning (45 h and 58 h, respectively) than for sows expressing estrus after 5 d (39 h and 32 h, respectively). Farrowing rate and litter size were not influenced by treatment. However, the interval from last insemination to ovulation (P < 0.02) indicated that more sows farrowed (80%) when the last insemination occurred at < or = 23 to > or = 0 h before ovulation compared with insemination > or = 24 h before ovulation (55%). In summary, P.G. 600 enhanced the expression of estrus and ovulation in weaned sows but, breeding protocols may need to be optimized for time of ovulation based on the interval from weaning to estrus.     

三合激素诱导黄牛发情效果

2003年～2005年应用三合激素对格尔木周边60头产后乏情黄牛进行诱导发情试验,配种60 d后经直肠检查结果表明,注射两次,发情及配种效果明显.