Induced Ovarian Maturation of Penaeus vannamei by Implantation of Lobster Ganglion

Induction of ovarian maturation in Penaeus vannamei , by implantation of ganglion prepared from female lobster, Homarus americanus , with developing ovaries was investigated under tank culture conditions. Four of six females with thoracic ganglion implants were maturing while only two of thirteen females of the control groups with abdominal ganglion or no implant matured. Two ripe stage V were found 18 days after implantation of lobster's thoracic ganglion. This indicates that ovarian maturation of P. vannumei in tanks can be induced and accelerated by implantation of thoracic ganglion prepared from maturing females of another species. Ovarian maturation may be induced by a gonad-stimulating hormone, secreted by the thoracic ganglion of maturing females. This gonnd-stimdating hormone is not species specific in activity in the shrimp and lobster.     

Density-Dependent Growth and Survival of Penaeus setiferus and Penaeus vannamei in a Semi-Closed Recirculating System

Abstract.— Two growth trials utilizing Penaeus vannamei and Penaeus setiferus were conducted at densities of 28.4, 56.8, 85.2, 113.6, 170.4, 227.3 and 284.1/ m² in an indoor recirculating system. There was an inverse linear relationship between stocking density and growth among both species. The relationship between final weight and stocking density is described by the following linear equation: P. setiferus , Y =−0.00619X ± 4.46, adj. r²= 0.8572;. P. vannamei, Y =−0.00717X ± 7.39, adj. r²= 0.6230. Although the responses in terms of growth depressions were similar, P. setiferus growth was lower than that of P. vannamei . There was an inverse relationship between stocking density and survival for P. setiferus . Survival of P. vannamei was highly variable but was negatively correlated with density. Based on the results of the present study, P. setiferus has a similar tolerance of high density as that of P. vannamei and hence may be suitable for intensive culture systems. However, depressed growth rates of P. setiferus , which do not appear to be due to effects of water quality or density, must be solved if growth rates similar to P. vannamei are to be realized.     

LYCD对南美白对虾抗氧化及吞噬活性的影响

在饲料中添加质量分数0.4%LYCD喂养南美白对虾Penaeus vannamei,可显著提高机体的抗氧化和SOD酶产生的能力,实验组内脏团SOD酶活性表现出极显著差异（P＜0.01）,肌肉SOD酶显著高于对照组;MDA的量显著降低,内脏团呈现极显著差异（P＜0.01）,肌肉呈现显著差异;同时LYCD还可使细胞吞噬指数明显增加（P＜0.01）.     

Development and Deterioration of Spermatophores in Pond-Reared Penaeus vannamei

Spermatophore deterioration in pond-reared Penaeus vannamei was studied, and spermatophore quality was evaluated and improved. Sperm production of males collected from grow-out ponds was increased by two techniques: eyestalk ablation using a fresh frozen maturation diet (13% body weight); and laboratory culture using a diet of the formulated feed Nicovita Plus (3% body weight/ d) and frozen squid (2%). Findings are complementary to previous reports that eyestalk ablation improves quality of spermatophores in young (25.7 g) males. The timing of eyestalk ablation for activation of the endocrine mechanism, leading to improved spermatophore quality was also explored. After eyestalk ablation, performed between postmolt and intermolt stages, 26 g males required a minimum of three spermatophore regenerations or 42 d to significantly increase spermatophore size and sperm count. On the other hand, the laboratory culture (2.5 mo) technique improved the quality of spermatophores in successive regenerations for non-ablated males. In the present study, subadult P. vannamei produced spermatophores which, if not transferred or manually ejaculated, gradually deteriorated (successive stages are described), while a new compound spermatophore was being synthesized.     

南美白对虾养殖技术之六南美白對蝦人工育苗技術

南美白对虾的养殖在广东省湛江市发展迅猛,2001年养殖虾塘达30多万亩,对虾产量占全国的1/6,育苗场达400多间,南美白对虾的育苗、养成技术相当成熟.笔者2001年4月～9月利用一个育苗水体600m3的育苗场育出虾苗1.08亿尾,产值达180多万元,2002年5月又育出虾苗1.2亿尾.现将近年来的育苗经验总结如下,与同行交流.     

南美白对虾海水养殖高产技术

南美白对虾生长快 ,抗病力强 ,是当前我国普遍养殖的虾类之一。然而在养殖过程中也受到白斑症病毒病、桃拉病毒病等疾病的困扰和危害。从这几年的养殖实践看 ,南美白对虾在低盐度环境中养殖的成功率较高 ,而在纯海水中养殖的成功率却较低。舟山市 2 0 0 2年海水养殖南美白对虾约 1万余亩 ,而盈利的却不到 1 0 %。原因主要是大多数养殖场养殖模式陈旧落后 ,养殖方法仍然沿用东方对虾养殖的旧观念 ,从而导致病毒病等病害普遍发生。 2 0 0 2年舟山市水产养殖病害防治院监测点的一个养殖场 ,通过采取综合的病害预防措施和生态管理技术 ,使 1 0 0…     

南美白对虾养殖技术之一黄河沿岸南美白对虾池塘健康养殖技术

山西省运城市地处黄河金三角地区,黄河滩涂面积广阔,2003年首次引进南美白对虾在黄河盐碱滩池塘进行养殖就获得了平均亩产220kg,最高亩产320kg的成绩,增效明显。为了使这项养殖技术在沿黄地区得到大面积发展,增加渔民收入,生产出无公害的绿色水产品来满足市场需求,现结合我们的生产实践,将适用于黄河沿岸地区池塘养殖南美白对虾的技术总结如下:一、池塘结构和处理要求为了便于管理和捕捞,虾池单池面积不宜过大,一般在2亩~8亩,水深可保持在1.6m左右,并备有完善的进排水系统。池塘为长方形,长宽比约为2∶1,池塘坡比为1∶2.5~3.0,池底平坦并向…     

凡纳对虾种质下降分析

1999年～2002年在海南省南部、中部、北部三个调查点对凡纳对虾(Penaeus vannamei)(又称南美白对虾，俗称白虾)的养殖情况进行了调研，结果表明：海南凡纳对虾种质下降速度较快，其主要表现为：生长速度变慢，成活率降低，饵料系数增高；同时分析探讨了问题产生的原因及解决建议。     

南美白对虾养殖技术之四南美白对虾生态养殖高产技术

生态养殖模式是保持对虾养殖可持续发展的重要途径,为了推动南美白对虾(Penaeus vannamei)健康、高产养殖,现就生态养殖技术介绍如下,以供国内同行参考.     

南美白对虾养殖技术之五南美白对虾养殖管理技术要点

养殖南美白对虾具有生长快、适应能力强、产量高等优点,已成为我国南方地区最主要的养殖品种之一.养殖南美白对虾务必认真抓好9项关键技术,现撰文供广大业者参考.     

南美白对虾必需氨基酸的需要量

采用高生物价的酪蛋白、明胶为蛋白源的蛋白饲料(PD)和无蛋白饲料(FPD)饲养南美白对虾幼虾(0.2627～0.2715g),根据虾体必需氨基酸(EAA)生长及维持量代谢,研究南美白对虾必需氨基酸的需求量。结果表明,要满足幼虾正常生长,各种EAA需求量[g·(100g虾体重)-1·d-1]为苏氨酸(Thr)0.046,缬氨酸(Val)0.054,蛋氨酸(Met)0.029,异亮氨酸(Ile)0.069,亮氨酸(Leu)0.087,苯丙氨酸(Phe)0.051,赖氨酸(Lys)0.086,组氨酸(His)0.025,精氨酸(Arg)0.097。如饲料蛋白质水平为40%,蛋白质利用率50%,虾摄食率为20%,推算得出饲料中EAA需求量(g·kg-1):苏氨酸(Thr)11.5,缬氨酸(Val)13.5,蛋氨酸(Met)7.3,异亮氨酸(Ile)17.3,亮氨酸(Leu)21.8,苯丙氨酸(Phe)12.8,赖氨酸(Lys)21.5,组氨酸(His)6.3,精氨酸(Arg)24.3。     

副溶血弧菌对南美白对虾致病力及黄酮抗菌作用初步研究

研究副溶血弧菌3种不同的感染方式对南美白对虾致病力影响,发现注射感染虾只在高密度菌液中有死亡,24 h的LD50为1.2×107/mL,95%的置信限为5.61×106~2.04×107/mL;而创伤感染虾在不同密度菌液中都有死亡,浸泡感染虾则都没有死亡。表明创伤程度及其导致的健康状况恶化是弧菌致病的关键。同时发现肌肉创伤处是弧菌致病的主要部位。初步探讨了黄酮作为饲料添加剂对副溶血弧菌的抗菌作用,为养虾生产的防病治病提供新的途径。     

南美白对虾模式化高产养殖技术研究

2003年选择池塘28.27hm^2,生产商品虾9.07万kg,平均单产3208.3kg/hm^2,高产池塘单产达9315kg/hm^2,总收入176.2万元,纯收入67.2万元,投入产出比为1：1.62.综述了淡水养殖南美白对虾各个环节的技术,尤其对水质管理、病害防治进行了重点研究.     

南美白对虾养殖技术之一:北方地区南美白对虾淡水二茬养殖技术

目前,无论是沿海地区还是内陆地区,均陆续开展了南美白对虾的养殖,广东、广西、福建等地区一年可养数茬,产量和效益都非常高,而在长江以北地区,由于受气候等因素的影响,一般采取一年一茬精养或混养模式,随着南美白对虾早繁育苗技术和塑料大棚培育大规格虾苗技术的推广应用,在长江以北地区南美白对虾淡水二茬养殖技术得到逐步完善。一、前期准备工作1.池塘选择一般要求池塘面积3亩~5亩,水深1.5m~1.8m,底质以沙质、泥沙质为好,硬质泥底亦可,池塘进排水方便。2.清淤、消毒在秋冬季节排干池水,曝晒,然后清除淤泥,深度一般以见到洁净层为宜,清除…     

南美白对虾养殖技术之一南美白对虾健康高效养殖技术

为了深入探索南美白对虾健康高效养殖模式,提高养殖经济效益,我们在引进广东等地区高位池对虾高产养殖模式的基础上,在温岭市绿珍水产养殖场进行了南美白对虾健康高效养殖试验,取得了良好的经济效益、社会效益和生态效益,平均亩产939kg,亩净利润9017元.     

南美白对虾病害防治技术研究

对60hm^2。试验虾池采用肥水放苗,不定期施用复合无机肥,调控虾池的藻相。在相对富营养化的水体中,对虾生长良好,表现出较好的预防虾病的效果。在治疗试验中,通过肥水建立有益藻相、菌相,对虾病控制有一定的效果,消毒剂、微生物制剂在虾病防治上效果甚微。     

南美白对虾淡水养殖试验

南美白对虾 (Ｐｅｎａｅｕｓｖａｎｎａｍｅｉ)分布于西太平洋沿岸 ,是北美和中南美洲重要的养殖对虾之一 ,它具有生长快 ,对饲料蛋白需求量低 ,出肉率高 ,离水存活时间长 ,易于进行集约化养殖以及抗病力强等优点。 1 988年 ,我国首次由中科院海洋研究所张伟权教授引进 ,并于 1 994年人工育苗和批量生产获得成功。 1 995年广东汕头市水产研究所已成功进行成虾淡化养殖试验 ,成虾进行逐渐淡化后能生存于淡水。据此 ,我们自2 0 0 0年 2月 1 5日— 6月 5日进行淡水池塘养成南美白对虾试验 ,并取得了成功。现将试验情况报告如下。1　材料与方法1…     

南美白对虾高产养殖试验报告

1999年5～10月在海南省琼海市的三口虾塘内对南美白对虾进行了高产养殖试验。试验结果表明,南美白对虾对环境适应能力强,未发生虾病,成活率达93.9％以上;生长速度快,90d左右养殖体重达15g/尾以上,110d左右养殖体重达25g/尾;经济效益好,产量高,达451.5～882kg/亩,饲料系数小,在1:5以下,是海水养殖的优良品种。     

南美白对虾养殖技术之五:南美白对虾在养殖过程中的水质管理

养虾也是养水,这是多年来虾农的经验之谈.目前,南美白对虾养殖技术日趋成熟,正朝着高产量、高密度发展,促进南美白对虾的健康生长,调控优良的养殖生态环境,是我们的共同愿望.笔者就应用水质保护剂与水质改良剂相结合,营造无公害的生态环境这一问题展开阐述,供读者参考.