Effect of Component Densities on the Productivity of Soybean/Maize and Soybean/Sorghum Intercrop

Field experiments were conducted during the wet seasons of 1986 and 1987 at the Yandev Agricultural Experiment Station to investigate the effects of component density on the yield of sorghum or maize intercropped with soybean. Seed yield of the monocrops of sorghum, maize and soybean were higher than the individual components in the intercrops. Yields of component crops in the intercrop varied significantly with the components population density. The sorghum/soybean intercrops which had LER (Land Equivalent Ratio) up to 1.40 in 1986 and 1.35 in 1987 were more productive than soybean/maize intercrop with maximum LER of 1.28 and 1.34 respectively during 1986 and 1987. Similarly the ATER (Area X Time Equivalent Ratio) of sorghum/soybean was greater than in soybean/maize. However, for maximum productivity of sorghum or maize intercropped with soybean, optimum population of one component crop plus 1/2 optimum population of the companion crop is recommended depending on which of the crop is regarded as main or minor crop.     

Load Forecasting Based on BP ANN for Economical Operation of Electric Boiler with Heat Reservoir Under Time-sharing price

Along with the generalization of DSM and time-sharing price system, the use of electric boiler with heat reservoir becomes more and more extensive. Load forecasting of heat supply system is an important base in the study of economical operation of electric boiler with heat reservoir under time-sharing price. The BP ANN modeling of the load forecasting for a 1200 kW electric boiler is discussed. The result of hourly heat load forecasting accords well with the real heat load.     

Equivalent Constitutive Equatlons with Polariiy and the Mechanism of Storing Energy of Honevcomb Materials in Plane Deformation

Equivalent couple-stresses and asymmetric equivalent stresees are introduced todescribe the equivalent constitutive equations of honeycomb materials in plane deformation,It is in-dicated from the field analysis of plane deformation accordin8 to the obtained constitutive equations-that this type of materials is of excellent capacity of storing energy.     

Modeling of Automobile Performance Database

The political and economical conditions are changed all the time in the city. There are two instances taking place frequently. The first, city condition varies incidentally and indefinitely ; the second, the phenomena of Heat Death became serious. The authors intend to apply elastic conception in city planning and design, to establish time -space structure with complex -function and to acquire more economical and social benefits.     

八地脚螺栓刚性塔座板的承载力

随着中国电网技术的发展,杆塔负荷越来越大,八地脚螺栓塔座板应用越趋普遍。但现有计算理论与实际情况不符,为了使八地脚螺栓塔座板的计算方法合理、可靠,通过试验对八地脚螺栓刚性塔座板承载力进行了研究,同时借助有限元对构件进行了参数化分析。结合经典力学理论、试验及有限元数据,提出了全新的计算方法,引入了等效计算宽度和有效力臂的概念,充分考虑了底板刚度,屈曲后强度和垫板对承载力的影响,对工程设计具有指导意义。     

The EELVFM for Judging the Energy Conservation of CHP

Based on the Exergy Energy Level(EEL) in the process of work energy conversion about the Cogeneration Combined heat&cool and Power(CHP)and the Heating/Generating/ Cooling /Parted/Generation(HGCPG),and combined reasonably with the time infected factor of its founds(initial and operation expenses), a new method Exergy Energy Level Value Factor Method (EELVFM) ,which is more scientific for judging the energy conservation of the system , is put forward. The example is given. And the results show that the EELVFM, which can be used to judge the economical in CHP before operation, is a comprehensive thermodynamics and economics index.     

谈市场经济条件下的农村经营管理干预

干预是对市场配置机制的一种强制性替代和有益补充。农村经营管理干预 ,是指政府部门或农业社会团体 ,通过法规或规则等特定方式 ,对农村经营管理工作进行强制性管制 ,以确保其能够合法、有序地进行的一种现代农村经营管理运作机制。本文在分析市场手段在农村经营管理中的局限性的基础上 ,进一步明确农村经营管理干预的实质 ,进而对建立和完善农村经营管理干预体系的主要途径进行初步探讨     

Analysis on Competition from the View of Law and Economics and the Inspiration

The establishment of the competition legal system is the response to the social and economical reality. The perfection of the competition legal system needs the support of economic theory. Therefore, analyzing the competition from the law and economic perspective is propitious to perfect the regulation of competition in the law system constantly, guarantee and promote competition, and thus to establish and maintain reasonable and efficient competition order, promote market-economy developing prosperously and harmoniously. The paper uses the study methods of economical and comparative analyze, explore the sorts of competition and their effectiveness, believe that the perfection of the competition legal system should firstly definite that its adjust object is the effective competition with monopoly factor; though the exemption of competition cant be avoid, it continuously appears shrinking trend. The competition legal system will play a more important role in the economical life.     

Analysis of the Effect of Compositive Meteorology Index on Power Load

The four indexes sensory temperature,temperature-humidity index,cold-humidity index,amenity index in biology meteorology are introduced to compositive analyses the effect of meteorologic factor to power load.Take Chongqing for example,the relation between each compositive index and load is analyzed,and the relation curve of power load and compositive index in observation year is also drawn.The analysis indicates: the load amenity index ratio curve is very stable in all axis range,this indicates amenity index can better reflect the change of power load relative to temperature.At the same time,the effect of rainfall to power load is qualitatively analyzed.     

Equivalent Coustitutive Equation of Honeycomb Materials with Equivalent Couple Stresses within Plane Deformation

Equivalent couple stresses and non-symmetric equivalent stresses are introducedto describe the equivalent constitutive equation of honeycomb materials within plane deformation.Itis necessary for the materials of macroscopic polarity induced by some mesostructures.     

华北平原粮田替代型复合种植模式生态 经济比较研究

摘 要：通过定位试验,从生态经济角度对不同间作复合种植模式与传统种植模式进行对比分析,以寻求经济高效、生态安全的替代型种植模式,结果表明：(1)间作改善了作物的生长环境,提高了资源利用率,因而间作复合种植模式间作季节表现出明显的产量优势,间作复合种植模式单作季节产量明显增加。(2)禾豆间作不仅通过直接影响当季作物的产量形成来提高土地利用率,而且还通过对后作作物产量的积极影响来提高后作作物的土地利用率,从而提高复合种植模式整体的土地利用率。研究得出间作复合种植模式土地利用率全年提高了4.0%~7.0%。(3)间作复合种植模式在间作季及全年的农机械、农药、化肥的经济投入量减少,农机械、农药等措施的减少,降低了对农田土壤理化性状等的外来干扰,这对改善农田生态环境来说意义重大。(4)间作复合种植模式提高了各季及全年的经济效益和经济产投比。全年经济效益最高可达25067.7元/hm2,比对照提高了18.97%。综合以上结果,从改善农田生态、提高资源循环利用效率与提高经济效益等方面整体评价,禾豆间作复合种植模式可以作为传统麦玉连作的替代模式之一。     

深化农村金融改革 加速农村合作组织发展

随着我国农村改革的不断深化,农村新型合作经济组织得到了迅速发展,这为农业生产发展、农民增收和新农村建设起到了重要的推进作用。通过分析目前农村合作经济组织以及农村金融体系的现状,提出了完善农村金融体系对农村合作经济组织发展的必要性,并提出完善农村金融体系的对策思路。     

名优茶品质的形态效应

为了提高名优茶品质,发挥原料的最大经济价值,于1996—2003年在四川省农科院茶叶研究所实验场系统开展了不同名优茶形状对茶叶品质、生化成分及茶叶贮藏品质变化影响的研究。根据多年的试验研究结果,综合论述并提出了"名优茶品质的形态效应"新观点:名优茶品质不仅受茶树品种、生态环境、原料标准、栽培措施和加工技术等方面的影响,还明显受到加工的名优茶外形的影响。即:用相同原料制成的不同形状名优茶品质间差异较大,其中不揉捻或轻揉捻、叶组织破损小、工艺简单、热作用时间短的扁形或毛峰形名优茶的制茶工艺更有利于鲜叶原料品质的发挥和名优茶品质的形成。这在国内外首次把产品外形纳入茶叶品质的影响因素范畴,该观点的提出,对发挥原料的最大经济价值,提高茶叶品质和经济效益具有较大的生产指导意义和学术价值。     

Development of Automobile Noise and Vibration Analysing System with Object Otiented Technology

With the developing of the automobile industry, how to control the noise and vibration level of the products come to urgently for the auto factories during their developing and producing period. Finding out the main noise source and vibration source quickly, analyzing the noise and vibration signal effectively, contriving a noise descending algorithm reasonable and economical become the first and most important job for auto corporations. At the mean time it complicate the developing guide line of the noise and vibration testing system. With object oriented technology, we can develop the noise and vibration testing system in a short time and with a low cost. The object oriented technology emphasizes the circulation, exoteric and expandable of the codes. It enables us developing the system follow a flexible, integrable and economical procedure..     

喀斯特山区半夏产量与4个经济性状的相关研究

目的:研究半夏4个经济性状与块茎产量关系,比较分析4个经济性状对半夏块茎产量影响的重要程度,为半夏选育提供依据。方法:将不同来源半夏种质在同一生境下栽培,考查大块茎率、中块茎率、小块茎率、块茎百粒重、单位面积块茎产量,估算性状间相关系数及其对块茎产量通径系数。结果: 块茎产量与大块茎率、块茎百粒重呈极显著正相关,与中块茎率呈微弱负相关,与小块茎率呈极显著负相关。结论: 对半夏块茎产量影响的重要程度依次为块茎百粒重＞小块茎率＞中块茎率＞大块茎率;相对增加大块茎率、块茎百粒重,降低小块茎率,中块茎率控制在一定范围,可显著提高半夏块茎产量。     

区域城市化阶段划分与粮食播种面积变化

为了明确三峡库区（重庆段）各区（县）城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区,并明确对应城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区之间的关系,笔者运用了统计分析法、层次分析法、模糊综合评价法进行研究。研究结果表明：（1）研究区城市化率增长速度快,根据城市化率确定了不同时期各区（县）所处的城市化阶段;（2）粮食播种面积总体上呈现下降趋势与“适度增加—急剧减少—小幅增加—小幅减少”的状态,并且区（县）差异明显;（3）粮食播种面积驱动力空间分区可分为最优型经济福利—生态安全驱动区、最优型经济福利—粮食安全驱动区、生存型经济福利—粮食安全驱动区;（4）确定了研究区城市化阶段与粮食播种面积变化驱动力分区的对应关系。此项研究有利于缓和粮食安全保障与经济发展的矛盾,也可为研究区制定差异化的粮食安全保障措施提供参考。     

A Study of the Index System for Sustainable Development of a Town

The sustainable development of a town is a comprehensive concept often considered in terms of several aspects such as economical, environmental, ecological, social and cultural. In this paper, the index system for sustainable development of a town is set up from three aspects: economical, social life and resource and environment, taking account of the situation in China. Finally, a pilot study is carried out with a town in Chongqing as an example, an evaluation system of sustainable development is developed for efficient and accurate evaluation of the development of a town.     

On the Extension of the Stock Model

Stock model of economical order batch is established under the objective of maximum total profit according to the hypotheses of constant demand rate.Based on these facts,the author suggests that the stock model of economical order batch is established under the objective of maximum total profit in system according to the hypotheses of demand rate's relying on selling price.From which one extended a model can be deduced.By using extreme-value theory,the model is proven mathematically and the method of solution is deduced for optimal order batch,optimal selling price and how to define optimal order cycle,and the sensitivity analysis has been made.One applied example is also given.     

Simulation of the Dynamic Performance of CHANASTAR Minicar with Automatic Transmission

According to the AT minicar project of Changan Automobile CO.Ltd.,the system for simulating the dynamic driving mode of the powertrain with Automatic Transmission is established.The engine and hydraulic torque converter are tested,and the character diagrams are protracted.The two parameter shift rule and the driver fuzzy control module are established.On the basis of dynamical equation,the kinetic model of car is established.With the system,the dynamic and economical performances and ten-mode driving status are simulated.The simulation results show that the system can simulate the actual driving status well,the dynamic and economical performances of the minicar basically meet the technical requirements.The theoretic foundation is provided to the project.The foundation of cruise control is constituted.     

快速工业化中耕地变化与保护 ——以江苏如东县为例

快速工业化中，城镇化和工业化导致建设用地大量增加、耕地锐减，从而造成经济发展与用地的不协调。尝试通过对江苏省如东县近10年工业化发展与耕地变化的分析相关，厘清影响耕地变化的主导因素，从而有针对地提出耕地保护的有效对策。笔者主要应用定性与定量相结合的方法进行工业化与耕地变化相关性分析；应用霍夫曼系数来确定工业化阶段，应用单因素逐一回归分析耕地变化情况。研究结果表明，近10年如东县工业化处于加速发展阶段，耕地变化显著；导致耕地变化的主导因素主要是城市化和固定投资；应该通过集约节约用地、深挖用地潜力、协调城乡用地等方面进行耕地保护。