A Theoretical Study on Thermal Dynamics Model and the Dehumidification Capacity of Hybrid Desiccant Cooling System with Condensation Heat Recovery

The structure and energy conservation characteristics of hybrid desiccant cooling system with condensation heat recovery are introduced briefly. Based on the first and second law of thermodynamics, a system thermodynamic model is established and the solution process given in a diagram. The dehumidification capacity is calculated under different exergy efficiency and indoor sensible heat conditions. The calculation results show that the desiccant wheel barely can compensate for the humidity load of outdoor air under with a ventilation rate of providing fresh air once per hour; when the fresh air rate of ventilation is limited to 0.5 times per hour, however, the desiccant wheel possess sufficient capacity under relatively large wheel exergy efficiency and high sensible heat load.     

Comparative Analysis of Heat Exchange Performance ofEnergy Piles and Borehole Heat Exchangers in GSHP System

Due to their enhanced cost-effectiveness and efficiency over traditional borehole exchangers, energy piles are increasingly used in Ground Sourced Heat Pump (GSHP) projects. In this paper, the structural characteristics of these two types of heat exchangers and their heat transfer mechanism were discussed firstly. The thermal response tests (TRT) were performed on two testing energy piles in one GSHP project in Nanjing, China. The TRT results were then used to verify the numerical simulations, which suggests that the heat exchange performance of energy piles is superior to that of the traditional borehole exchangers. Meanwhile, the numerical simulation method used in this paper was considered applicable to the optimization design of ground heat exchangers in GSHP system.     

Method and Application of Independent Exergy Evaluation of Temperature and Humidity Control in HVAC Systems

The conception of independent exergy evaluation of temperature and humidity control in HVAC systems is proposed with the corresponding evaluation indexes presented. This type of evaluation process is illustrated in an air conditioning system with primary return air from the view of thermodynamics. The results show that exergy efficiency of sensible heat is larger than that of latent heat. The reason lies in the fact that the destructions in reheat process and condensed water are very serious. It is concluded that the surface air cooler is not an energy saving equipment in respect of exergy utilization, and the regeneration of the supply air stream at the state of dew point would improve its exergy efficiency of latent heat. The analysis indicates that this independent exergy evaluation is benefit for the exergy evaluation for HVAC systems, and it provides effective resolutions.     

冰蓄冷低温送风空调系统㶲损因素分析

低温送风空调系统引进新型冰蓄冷设备,采用正丁烷作为制冷剂,制冷剂与水直接接触,换热更强烈且稳定。为了研究该系统相应㶲损因素条件下的节能薄弱环节,实现系统性能优化,基于该系统及各表冷器㶲分析模型,分析了热湿比、新风比、送风温差等㶲损因素对系统㶲效率和各表冷器㶲损率的影响。结果表明:当热湿比变化时,处理二次混风的表冷器㶲损率随之呈正比变化,其他表冷器㶲损率及系统㶲效率随之呈反比变化;当新风比变化时,处理新风的两级表冷器㶲损率随之呈正比变化,其他表冷器㶲损率及系统㶲效率随之呈反比变化;当送风温差变化时,处理一次回风的表冷器㶲损率随之呈正比变化,其他表冷器㶲损率及系统㶲效率随之呈反比变化。     

Convection Heat Transfer Coefficient Distribution Over the Single Rectangle Fin Surface

Rectangle fin is widely used in different kinds of heat exchangrs. Convection heat transfercoefficient distribution over the fin surface is one of the theorehcal problems in research on enhancement of heat transfer. In this paper, a tube with an attached rectangular fin is used for a model and thefin surface is divided into a network of nodes by the finite difference techinque. When the wind velocityis u= 4. 5 m/s. the temperature distribution of discretization is obtained by experimental measurement,then the convection heat transfer coefficient of all nodes are soved by using the methed of inverse heatconduction problem. Through checking with heat balance methed, the results show that the solution cancorrectly express the actual heat transfer situation.This result is useful to experimental research onenhancement of heat transfer for finned for heat exchangers.     

羊奶热稳定因素的研究

以羊奶为原料,通过测定羊奶的热凝固时间(HCT),研究不同pH值、钙盐浓度、加热温度、固形物浓度对羊奶热稳定性的影响。结果表明,当pH值为6.8时,羊奶的热稳定性最大;羊奶的热稳定性随钙盐浓度的增大而减小,随加热温度的升高而减小,随固形物浓度的增大而减小。因此,要想提高羊奶的热稳定性需使羊奶保持最佳pH值,尽量减小钙离子的浓度,既拥有高的营养物质含量又保持较低的固形物浓度。     

A Thermodynamic Criteria for Evaluation of Heat Exchanger Performance

The concept of loss rate of available energy was introduced for evaluating heat exchanger performance. At the same time, the general expression of loss rate of available energy was obtained for heat exchangers of several typical. And NL criteria was recommended for evaluation of the loss rate of available energy of heat exchanger. Then. the influences of inlet temperatures ratio, heat capacity ratio of fluids, the number of heat transfer units and flow patterns of heat exchanger on ,VL criteria were also discussed.     

热激处理对棉花耐逆性的影响

 从不同生育期热激处理对棉花抗氧化酶活性和细胞膜伤害的影响及萌动期热激处理对棉花自然高温期的抗氧化酶活性和细胞膜伤害的影响这两个方面研究热激处理与棉花耐逆性的关系。结果表明：热激处理后棉花体内的SOD、POD、CAT的酶活性都增高,在自然高温期MDA的含量下降,蕾铃脱落率下降,热激处理能在一定程度上诱导棉花耐逆性的获得。     

Influence of heat storage mode of domestic hot water on the performance of ground heat exchanger in ground-source heat pump system

The vertical U-tube ground-coupled heat pump system provides cold and heat for the controlling of indoor environment. Under the air-conditioning condition, the vertical U-tube ground-coupled heat pump system with heat recovery can provide domestic hot water. The influence of supplying domestic hot water on the heat transfer performance of ground heat exchangers is different under different operating modes in summer and winter. Through a project design of ground-source heat pump system, the influence of supplying domestic hot water under heat storage mode on the heat transfer performance of ground heat exchangers in summer and winter is respectively analyzed. The dynamic performance of heat exchangers under different working conditions is analyzed, and through numerical calculation, the heat transfer performance parameters of ground heat exchangers under different operating modes are obtained. From the calculation results, the adjusting methods based on the load characteristics of this project represent.     

Study on Heat Transfer Characteristics in Waste Gas of the Exchanger

By the calculation and experiment,analysed the heat transfer characteristies in waste gas of the high temperature exchanger.The results which the reasonable vertical and horizontal distances were obtained,these turned out that the metallic rediation net was the effectve method intensified heat transfer in hot waste gas.The infulence of the velcity and temperature of waste gas on the multiple heat transfer caefficrent of the exchanger was studied by the experiment data.     

The equivalent enthalpy drop theory calculation of the ejector heaters applied for low-pressure feed water heater system of thermal power unit

There is much exergy loss in low-pressure feed water heater system of the thermal unit. The thermo-economic characters by the equivalent enthalpy drop method while the low-pressure heater was replaced with the ejector heater. At the same time, the thermo-economic characters formulas for the different factors were also gotten. Based on these results, the thermo-economic changing features were analyzed for the low pressure heaters replaced with the ejector heaters of the N600-165/535/535 units, and the results were compared with the normal heat balance method. The results show that the ejector heaters can reduce the exergy loss efficiently, and the thermo-economic effects is the best for replacing the all low-pressure heaters with the ejector heaters, and its efficiency can be increased by 0.263%. The given equations of this paper can be used for analyzing the thermal economic effects.     

速生人工林桉树木材高温热处理力学性能研究

广西速生人工林桉树资源丰富,对其进行高温热处理能够改善其极易端裂、尺寸稳定性和耐久性差等缺陷;同时,其力学性能受到一定影响。为此,采用单因素试验方法对高温热处理桉树木材的力学性能进行研究。主要探讨了热处理温度对速生桉树木材力学性能的影响。结果表明：热处理温度在180~230℃范围内,随着热处理温度的升高,木材的静曲强度、弹性模量随之降低,经220℃处理的桉木试件的静曲强度(MOR)、弹性模量(MOE)分别比未处理的降低了43.18%和35.94%。高温热处理对速生人工林桉树木材的改性效果显著,同时其力学性能有所降低。     

Application of Stress Indices for Heat Tolerance Screening of Common Bean

Common bean is adapted to relatively cool climatic conditions and temperatures of >30 °C during the day or >20 °C at night result in yield reduction. The long‐term goal of breeding for heat tolerance is the development of germplasm with improved field level tolerance under variable temperature conditions. Using previously developed stress indices, this study presents results from high temperature screening of 14 genotypes in both the greenhouse and field in Puerto Rico. A total of three sets of paired trials were conducted in the field and in the greenhouse under high temperature (stress) and lower temperature (low‐stress) conditions. The geometric mean (GM), stress tolerance index (STI) and stress susceptibility index (SSI) were used to evaluate the genotypic performance under stress and low‐stress conditions. The results indicate that it was possible to identify superior genotypes for heat tolerance based on their stress indices. In this evaluation of heat tolerance indices, STI and GM, although correlated, were found to be effective stress indices for the selection of genotypes with good yield potential under stress and low‐stress conditions.     

烟叶密集烤房余热利用技术研究现状和发展建议

排湿和排烟是密集烤房无效耗热的主要热量损失途径,也是提高密集烤房热能利用率的重要切入点。针对密集烤房耗煤量大、热能利用率低的实际情况,笔者对密集烤房排湿和排烟余热利用技术应用现状和研究进展进行了介绍,对国内现有余热利用装置的工作原理和技术特点进行了分析,就余热利用技术研究应用中存在的工作效率不够高、工作效果不理想、设备投入成本高等问题进行了总结,并提出了把成熟的工业技术应用到农业工程,系统回收利用烟囱余热和除湿余热,实现密集烤房内循环的发展建议。     

Study on Heat Insulation and Use of Passive Evaporated Roof

According to different construction ways and materials, three kinds of roof, that is ,passive evaporated roof with freedom water surface , water stored roof by means of pore material and hygroscopic roof,are introduced in this paper . Meanwhile the theory of heat insulation and energy efficiency on passive evaporation roofs and suitable weather and places to be used are also discussed .The results show that all kinds of passive evaporated roofs have high efficiency in heat insulation because of water's high specific heat and large quantity of absorbed latent heat,and that they can be adopted according to the practical local weather ,natural resource and economical development.     

萝卜耐热性鉴定技术体系研究

在田间鉴定指标筛选研究基础上，对萝卜品质和生理生化性状进行分析，筛选出电导百分率及高温致死时间两个指标用于萝卜耐热性鉴定。从萝卜外部形态、产量品质性状、生理生化三个方面入手，采用田间鉴定与生理鉴定相结合的方法，提出了萝卜耐热性鉴定技术体系。该体系包括三种独立的鉴定方法：一是以热害指数为重点，参照苗期单位面积叶鲜重和越夏死株率的田间鉴定。二是以产量和有效根率的产量鉴定。三是利用电导百分率及高温致死时间的生理鉴定。由此形成在萝卜长叶期进行苗期单位面积叶鲜重测定；长根期测定叶片热害指数和越夏死株率，或进行电导百分率和高温致死时间测定；萝卜收获期测定有效根率，最后综合评价萝卜耐热性。三种方法可单独使用，也可合并使用，收到同样效果。     

萝卜耐热性鉴定技术体系研究

在田间鉴定指标筛选研究基础上，对萝卜品质和生理生化性状进行分析，筛选出电导百分率及高温致死时间两个指标用于萝卜耐热性鉴定。从萝卜外部形态、产量品质性状、生理生化三个方面入手，采用田间鉴定与生理鉴定相结合的方法，提出了萝卜耐热性鉴定技术体系。该体系包括三种独立的鉴定方法：一是以热害指数为重点，参照苗期单位面积叶鲜重和越夏死株率的田间鉴定。二是以产量和有效根率的产量鉴定。三是利用电导百分率及高温致死时间的生理鉴定。由此形成在萝卜长叶期进行苗期单位面积叶鲜重测定；长根期测定叶片热害指数和越夏死株率，或进行电导百分率和高温致死时间测定；萝卜收获期测定有效根率，最后综合评价萝卜耐热性。三种方法可单独使用，也可合并使用，收到同样效果。     

Heat Transfer Simulation and Experiment of Highly Efficient Regenerator

On the base of regenerator configuration character, the heat transfer mathematics models are set up. The relevant relations of regenerator medium, exchange time, temperature efficiency and thermal efficiency are analyzed by numerical simulation. The results are anastomotic by numerical simulation and by experiments after exchanging 7 - 10 s. And it indicts reliability by simulation. The authors study effects of exhaust gas temperature and air preheat temperature influenced by regenerator medium, exchange time etc. , by numerical simulation and experiment. On the case, the suitable exchange time of corundum globule is about 60s, the suitabe exchange time of high aluminum and clay ceramic ball is 20 -30 s. Temperature efficiency is up more than 80%, thermal efficiency is up more than 70%.     

近66a重庆北碚高温热浪变化特征及其对花木生长的影响

为深入了解北碚区高温热浪的变化特征及其对花木生长的影响,利用重庆北碚区1951—2016年逐日平均最高气温、极端最高气温地面气象观测资料,综合采用线性回归、数理统计等方法分析分析北碚高温热浪日数、频次、强度的变化特征。结果显示,北碚高温日数、高温热浪及高温累积有效积温年际变化幅度大,在整个波动中呈现上升趋势;平均每年有32.5天的≥35℃高温日数,年均高温热浪次数为3.8次,年平均持续时间为24.7天;高温热浪引发的伏旱灾害频繁发生,在伏旱期间,当一侯中有3d极端最高温度>35.0℃时,高温伏旱开始影响花木的正常生长,当一侯中有3d极端最高温度>40.0℃时,高温伏旱对花木的生长造成严重影响。     

3种园林植物的耐热性研究

本研究对3种园林植物（矮牵牛、夏菊、藤本月季）的生长状况和耐热性生理指标进行了测定分析研究和指标评价研究。研究结果表明：其可溶性蛋白含量、脯氨酸含量和SOD酶活性与其耐热性呈正相关。在夏季高温高湿条件下,‘普通矮牵牛’（常见品种）不能渡夏的原因是由于耐热性生理活性水平低,藤本月季不利于花芽分化和成花,菊花的开花习性主要受光周期的影响。