APPLICATION OF OUT-OF-KILTER ALGORITHM TO ECONOMIC DISPATCH WITH SECURITY

This paper reports on the application of "Out-of-Kilter Algorithm" (OKA) to the real power economic dispatch with security constraints. The network flow programming is characterized by simple manipulation, fast and reliable convergence, while the OKA can treat nonzero lower bounds and may initiate with any set of flows (including infeasible flow) which satisfies Conservation of flow. The major procedure and numerical example of OKA are given in this paper. The calculating results for economic dispatch on test systems have shown that the method is feasible and effective.     

THE ECONOMIC DISPATCH OF REAL POWER WITH SECURITY

This paper presents an approach to studing the economic dispatch of real power with N-1 security with the network flow programming (NFP), the N-1 line - security constraints are first introduced into the network f olw model and the problem of N-1 security economic dispatch becomes an incremental metwork flow model. Therefore, the shortage of NFP is mitigated to some extent, The solution adopted is the "out-of-kilter"algorithm(OKA), which is characterized by fast calculation and reliable convergency. The model and solution are tested on IEEE 30-bus system, and the results show that the proposed approach is feasible.     

THE ANALYTICAL EQUATIONS OF HYDRO-THERMAL POWER SYSTEM ECONOMIC DISPATCH

The paper developes the analytical equations of the power economic dispatch by using the modified coordination equation, it also developes the explicit functional relation between the hydro-coal conversion factor and the daily water consumption. Using these expressions,the calculating amount of the hydro-thermal system economic dispatch is greatly reduced and the convergency is much better. Finally a numerical example is given to show these advantages.     

APPLICATION OF A CONVEX NETWORK FLOW PROGRAMMING TO THE ECONOMIC POWER DISPATCH

Analyses the characteristics of convex network flow programming of the economic power dispatch with security and presents a rapid algorithm. The numerical examples are given to demonstrate the effectiveness of the algorithm.     

AN APPLICATION OF ANALYTIC HIERARCHY PROCESS TO AUTOMATIC CONTINGENCY SELECTION AND RANKING

This paper presents an approach to study the problem of automatic continency selection and ranking with the analytic hierarchy process, and takes into consideration the relative importance of transmission lines and the situation that the real and reactive power security constraints are violated as the line outage appears. Thus, the precise information in the real time security analysis and economic dispatch can be provided.     

THE APPLICATION OF NETWORK PROGRAMMING METHOD ON THE SHORT TERM OPTIMAL SCHEDULING FOR CASCADED HYDROPOWER STATIONS

The problem of the short term economic scheduling for cascaded hydropower stations is discussed with the network programming method. A new network model is built to dispatch the load to each unit when the unit commitment is determined. An algorithm of the minimal cost maximal flow is also discussed using the model and the algorithm to the Longxi River Cascaded Hydropower Stations, the computational result on the microcomputer VAX II shows that the model and the algorithm are correct and applicable.     

APPLICATION OF DECOMPOSITION COORDINATION METHOD OF LARGE - SCALE SYSTEMS AND METHOD OF NONLINEAR PROGRAMMING TO ECONOMIC SCHEDULING OF POWER SYSTEM

In this paper,we discuss a mathematical mode) for optimization of active power dispatch of large-scale hydro-thermal power systems with cascaded hydropower stations. The following factors are taken into account: the variation of the head in the hydropower stations, water transport delay between cascaded stations etc. Using the decomposition-coordination method of large scale systems, we obtain a three-layer-hierarchical coordination system and a three-layer-hierarchical computational structure. We also discuss the computational methods which are used by each hierarchy. We have taken a test computation and analysing the result of an actual hydrothermal power system. The computational results show that it may obtain a satisfactory economic benefit. The paper provides some research work on the economic scheduling of hydrothermal power systems by the decomposition-coordination method of large-scale systems,multiplier method and a new variable metric method.     

AN APPROACH TO SOLVING QUADRATIC PROGRAMMING AND ITS APPLICATION TO SECURE ECONOMIC DISPATCH

Based on the selaxaticn t echnique, a new approach to solving quadratic programming is presented in this paper. The idea of parametric programming is introduced in the process of solving the problem,and the optimal solution can be obtained through a finite numfer of search iterations. The features of the proposed method are few regurements for the initial values and little computation. It can also be used to solve the parametric quadratic programming. As an example of application, it is applied to solve a real power secure economic dispatch problem in electric power systems,and its calculation results are given.     

OPTIMAL REACTIVE POWER FLOW BY SENSITIVITY METHOD

A new approach based on sensitivity method for the optimal power flow is presented in the paper. This method has the following advantages: it is suitable to solve a 200-node power system on the microcomputer; the convergence is easy to reach and the computation speed is quick; it is possible to reduce 8-14% power loss and to get maximum economic benefit by using this method; in power system dispatch center it can be used as an on-line voltage and reactive power control program to keep good voltage level. The proposed method has been proved successful by IEEE 118-node test system and the several real power systems such as 49-node, 61-node, 99-node and 200-node systems.     

The Probabilistic Production Simulation for the Joint Dispatch of Multi Area Interconnected Power System

In this paper,a probabilistic production simulation for the joint dispatch of multi area interconnected power system is presented.The method evaluates the expected unserved energy of the joint dispatch system and further the other basic simulation indices,based on the probability density function of the unit available capacity and the multi area demand supply feasibility conditions,and the detail is showed by a four areas case.     

Congestion Management Analysis Based on Flow Gate Rights

In order to alleviate the congestion economically and effectually under the competitive circumstance of electricity market,an applied method of congestion management,which based on FGR(Flow Gate Rights),has been proposed.The share of line has been used to define the power plant's influence on congestion.The proportional principle has been used to compute local marginal price.Then they are both used to balance the charge of FGR.The ISO(Independent System Operator) will dispatch the system to meet the FGR holders' rights.This method is used to alleviate congestion effectually,activate power plants to take part in scheduling positively,and level off the price.An instance is used to illustrate the feasibility of this method with FGR.     

Real-Time Strategies for the Fire Alarm Information System Based on Internet

According to the reality of the development of fire alarm system in our country, this paper offers a fire alarm information system based on Internet. Being different with the way of normal router in transmitting all data packages fairly, a new dispatch algorithm is put forward, which can identify different data packages of demanding different real-time performance and transmit the data packages of demanding high real-time performance by jumping queue intelligently. That decreases warning time delay and improves the dependability of important data transmitted by router. A new kind of method is proposed to satisfy a high real-time system at a low cost.     

穿流引风组合加热式蔬菜脱水机的改进设计

现有平流组合加热式蔬菜脱水机存在热交换不充分和干燥速度慢等问题。对现有设备进行了穿流组合加热技术改造:将送风管和引风管连接管的直径自上而下依次减小,满足了各层干燥箱对送风量和引风量的不同要求;采用冲孔板制造输送链板,满足了穿流供风的要求;采用供风管变截面供风技术,提高了供风的均匀性。设备改造后,分别对胡萝卜和甘蓝两种蔬菜进行了脱水干燥对比试验。结果表明,采用穿流组合加热时,不仅干燥速度快,而且其平均单位脱水的能耗分别由平流组合加热的7.03,7.29MJ/kg下降为6.83,6.65MJ/kg。     

求解粮食调运问题的两阶段优化算法

粮食调运优化问题过去已有研究,但是当问题较为复杂时,传统算法就要花费大量时间而且准确性也难以保证.针对这一缺陷,本文对已有的粮食调运模型进行改进,并基于该改进模型提出了一个解决粮食调运优化问题的两阶段求解方法,在第一阶段,由图搜索算法产生所有可行的运输路线,并根据约束条件对搜索树进行剪枝;在第二阶段,采用蚁群算法从第一阶段产生的可行路线集合中选取最佳路线,使总的运输成本最低.经过实例测试,该算法在粮食调运过程中具有较好的效果.     

The space-time evolution and driving forces of county economic growth in China from 1998 to 2015

Coordinated growth in regional economies is fundamental for sustainable economic development. In this study, the space-time dynamics of GDP per capita for 2,303 counties in China from 1998 to 2015 were analyzed based on an exploratory space-time data analysis (ESTDA) framework. The results showed that: (a) there was significant and increasing positive spatiotemporal correlation among county-level economic growth; (b) local spatiotemporal correlation pattern demonstrated a high–high cluster at the eastern coast, and low–low dispersion in the vast central and western regions; (c) changes in LISA time trajectory revealed that economic growth in the coastal urban agglomeration and Inner Mongolia was more dynamic, indicating the emergence of a local spatial structure locking feature and trajectory dependence; and (d) industrialization and informatization were the two primary contributors to county economic growth. Our study suggests that Chinese government should construct network channels linking the central region with eastern China, cultivate economic growth poles and growth axis, and focus on technological innovation to unlock path dependence in county economic growth.     

Reconstruction on Real-time Data Platform for Production Command Dispatch System

Production command system plays a more and more important role in the modern large scale production. Being limited to realizing technology tool,there is a lot loss in information that is very valuable in the production process.Even it is not stored to the real key data information used for reflecting production sate, therefore it is very difficult to command and dispatch the production correctly. Reconstruction platform related to real-time database is discussed. Taking the background of iron steel industry,based on the analyzing the function characteristic of real-time data requirement of real-time data platform,the paper is explored to the real-time database selecting strategy and so on.     

Research on reliability evaluation model for frequency collapse of power grid

In order to comprehensively consider the possibility and the severity of frequency instability risk, this paper proposes the risk evaluation model and algorithm for frequency collapse of power grid. The uncertainties in generating dispatch, network topology and component outage are considered. The calculation method for system frequency variation is depicted while considering the active power deficiency arising from random failure of generating units, and then various probabilistic risk indices for frequency collapse are defined. The presented method can provide important reference information for evaluating the frequency collapse risk of power grid. The non-sequential Monte Carlo simulation-based results of IEEE-RTS79 show the correctness of the method.     

Regulating informality: Worker centers and collective action in day-labor markets

Day-labor markets are characterized by chronic instability, low pay, and weak institutional protections against violations of labor standards. In the U.S., worker centers address these conditions through the operation of hiring halls that dispatch workers, set minimum wages, and redress wage theft. Surveys conducted in Seattle in 2012 and 2015 were used to evaluate wage rates, employment rates, and wage theft variables for workers at a worker center and those seeking employment at four informal hiring sites. Worker center members were found to have significantly higher wages, higher employment rates, and lower rates of wage theft than day laborers who search for employment in public spaces.     

江苏省耕地变化与经济发展关系的实证研究

研究利用Eviews 8.0 软件,采用Chow检验、ADF检验、协整分析、AIC准则以及Granger 因果关系检验等计量经济方法,旨在分析1978—2009 年间江苏省耕地面积变化与经济增长之间的关系,并对江苏省耕地变化与经济发展关系的阶段性特征做出总结。结果表明：自1978 年以来,江苏省耕地面积与经济发展大致经历了2 个阶段：第一阶段(1978—1991)是互为因果关系,在该阶段内江苏省经济增长主要以耕地的牺牲为代价。第二阶段(1992—2009)是单向因果关系,在该阶段内耕地资源数量减少为经济发展提供了土地保障的作用,但经济增长并不是耕地资源数量变化的原因。从1978—2009 这一长期阶段来看,江苏省在这一时间段内经济增长与耕地变化存在单向因果关系,即耕地面积数量变化对经济的发展产生了积极的影响,但经济发展并不是耕地面积减少的原因。通过对江苏省1978—2009 年各阶段耕地变化与经济发展之间的关系进行探究,对如何处理耕地面积减少与经济发展之间的关系提出建议,这对今后经济发展与耕地变化相关问题的研究具有一定的借鉴意义。     

Committing to regional cooperation: ASEAN,globalisation and the Shin Corporation – Temasek Holdings deal

This paper investigates the relationship between regional and national identities in the age of globalisation, with particular reference to the Association of Southeast Asian Nations (ASEAN). For members of ASEAN, economic integration is seen as a necessary step forward in order to (i) reduce reliance on Western countries during times of economic crisis and (ii) speed up the recovery process in the aftermath of a crisis. The concept of an ASEAN Economic Community represents a step towards achieving this goal. However, by means of a case study, this paper demonstrates that the idea of an ASEAN Economic Community does not yet have sufficiently solid foundations. Cracks appear when member states act in response to national interest. Given the frequency of friction between member nations, and the fact that ASEAN members are quite diverse in both economic and cultural respects, there is still much more to be done to realise the objective of forming an effective and credible regional economic group. In this paper some suggestions are offered that might assist with the achievement of this goal.