东南亚木材上的6种截面材小蠹

本文记述了中国和日本各口岸从东南亚木材上截获的6种截面材小蠹。描述了各种类的形态特征,并编制了相应的检索表,可为进口木材常见材小蠹的检疫鉴定提供参考。     

短翅材小蠹与两色材小蠹成虫形态特征比较研究

采用扫描电镜技术比较了短翅材小蠹[Xylosandrus brevis(Eichhoff)]和两色材小蠹[Xylosandrus disclor(Blandford)]成虫的形态特征。结果表明,2种雌成虫体均为圆柱形,前胸背板均无刻点区。雌成虫鞘翅截面沟间部在倒伏的茸毛丛中。短翅材小蠹竖立着1列鳞片,而两色材小蠹则是有1列较粗长的茸毛。短翅材小蠹雄成虫体长明显长于两色材小蠹,前者体圆柱形,前胸背板前面部分两侧上翘,前胸背板有纵中线,鞘翅形成截面,而后者体扁平,前胸背板无纵中线,鞘翅形成斜面。2个种雌成虫非常相似,不易区别,而雄成虫则形态差异较大,较易区别。     

中国荔枝新害虫—茶材小蠹的初步研究

前言茶材小(?)Xyleborus fornicalus 又名茶枝小蠹,属鞘翅目小蠹科材小蠹属。本文对该虫的生物学、发生特点及防治进行研究如下: 一、为害与形态为害该虫钻蛀荔枝的枝、干,直径2厘米左右的枝条最易受害。受害外部为一直径约2毫米的小圆孔,孔口常有木屑堆积;内观多为一圆环状水平坑道,深达木质部,     

成都地区发现材小蠹危害葡萄

近年来, 成都市龙泉驿区发现不少葡萄树上有许多虫蛀孔洞.据龙泉驿区植保站介绍, 这种虫几年前已有农户反映, 当时鉴定为小蠹科害虫, 由于发生零星, 故未引起重视.2003年以来由于不少农户反映较大, 故对此害虫进行了调查研究.     

凹缘材小蠹雌雄虫鉴别

同种材小蠹往往雌雄形态差异很大,甚至可能被误认为2个不同种。凹缘材小蠹 Xyleborus emarginatus Eichoff 是进口东南亚木材上经常被截获的种类,国内的资料仅有对其雌虫的描述,对雄虫尚无资料描述。笔者根据截获经焦国尧高级农艺师鉴定复核的凹缘材小蠹雄虫,描述其形态,并和雌虫作一对比。1 形态描述雄虫:体长3.0mm 左右,黑褐色,有     

坡面材小蠹卵的饲养技术初探

梅州局在 1996年 6月从市某家具厂进口的印度尼西亚松木板上检出坡面材小蠹Ｘｙｌｅ ｂｏｒｕｓｉｎｔｅｒｊｅｃｔｕｓＢｌａｎｄｆｏｒｄ成虫。 1998年 5月对该厂从印度尼西亚进口的木板实施检疫时 ,发现 1长条木板上有很多长 3～ 6ｃｍ的坑道 ,经仔细检查 ,发现有 14粒长约     

赤水市荔枝茶材小蠹的发生及防治

茶材小蠹(Xyleborusfornicatus Eilchhoff),又名茶枝小蠹,农民习惯上称之为"折梢虫",系小蠹科.主要分布于华南沿海、四川盆地.赤水市处于四川盆地边缘,栽培荔枝、龙眼约386.7 hm2,近年来,该虫逐步上升为荔枝、龙眼的主要害虫,经调查,发生面积约占总面积的10%～20%,并且有加重危害的趋势.     

中国材小蠹属种类记述

材小蠹属(非中国种)属于我国进境植物检疫性有害生物,随着对该属研究的不断深入,材小蠹属种类的分类地位出现较大变化.本文通过对文献的查阅,结合野外采集的标本,对中国材小蠹属种类进行系统整理,明确了9种材小蠹属昆虫在中国大陆有分布记录,首次记录了对粒材小蠹在广东的分布以及棋盘材小蠹在广东和广西的分布,提供部分种类的形态图并...     

营林业全要素生产率增长的测算及其分解——来自27个省级面板数据的分析

基于随机前沿生产函数可将全要素生产率增长分解为技术变化、技术效率变化、规模效率变化和配置效率变化,四个部分。利用中国27个省份2001—2014年的数据进行估计,确定随机前沿生产函数的具体形式,在此基础上测算营林业全要素生产的增长率,再根据其分解函数,进一步测算各分解变量的水平值。结果表明:从各地区TFP增长的平均水平看,最高为2013年的0.2837;规模效率与配置效率的变动是阻碍营林业全要素生产率增长的主要因素,年均降低程度分别为28.69%和17.23%;技术进步具有促进作用,年均贡献达到了41.57%。     

Effect of adjuvants on the rainfastness and performance of tribenuron‐methyl on broad‐leaved weeds

The influence of a non‐ionic surfactant (20% isodecyl alcohol ethoxylate plus 0.7% silicone surfactants), an anionic surfactant (25.5% alkylethersulfate sodium salt), and a vegetable oil (95% natural rapeseed oil with 5% compound emulsifiers) on the performance and rainfastness of a new commercial formulation of tribenuron‐methyl was assessed on four broad‐leaved weeds: wild mustard (Sinapis arvensis), scentless mayweed (Tripleurospermum inodorum), common poppy (Papaver rhoeas), and common lambsquarters (Chenopodium album). In one experiment, six doses of tribenuron‐methyl alone or in a mixture with each of the three adjuvants were applied to each weed species at two different leaf stages. In another experiment, the plants of T. inodorum were sprayed and subsequently subjected to 3 mm of rain at 1, 2, and 4 h after treatment (HAT). The activity of tribenuron‐methyl was significantly enhanced by all the adjuvants on all the weed species and only minor differences were observed among the tested adjuvants. The impact of the adjuvants varied among the weed species and growth stages. The highest response to the inclusion of adjuvants in the spray liquid was found at the late growth stage and on C. album, followed by P. rhoeas and T. inodorum, while S. arvensis was less responsive to the adjuvants. All the adjuvants significantly improved the rainfastness of tribenuron‐methyl on T. inodorum, with differences among the adjuvants being more pronounced when rain occurred shortly after herbicide application. The effect of the vegetable oil on tribenuron‐methyl's rainfastness was significantly lower than that of the surfactants with rain at 1 HAT, while no significant differences among the three adjuvants were observed when rain occurred at 2 and 4 HAT.     

Threats created by import of timber and chips into Norway1

In recent years, Norwegian forest industries have depended to some extent on imported coniferous timber and chips, which has to be debarked to fulfil phytosanitary requirements. However, the standard of debarking of logs and chips from North America is often low. Sunken areas on stems often develop from cankers or rot around knots, and often escape debarking. Besides, even debarked, timber and chips may carry dangerous pests (Inonotus weirii, Bursaphelenchus xylophilus). Precautions should be taken after landing to hinder further spread of such dangerous organisms.     

番禺口岸从进境原木中截获的长蠹科害虫

本文用图文描述了番禺口岸近3年来从进口原木中截获的8种长蠹科害虫,包括电缆斜坡长蠹Xylopsocus capucinus(Fabricius)、黄足长棒长蠹Xylothrips flavipes(Illiger)、竹蠹Dinoderus minutus(Fabricius)、三胝双棘长蠹Sinoxylon senegalense Karsch、双棘长蠹Sinoxylon anale Lesne、双钩异翅长蠹Heterobostrychus aequalis(Waterhouse)、大竹蠹Bostrychopsis parallela(Lesne)和红艳长蠹Xylothrips religiosus(Boisduval)等重要长蠹成虫的主要形态特征,并编制了分种检索表。     

上海市木材调运检疫管理现状及相关对策

上海是我国重要海运进口木材集散地。随着我国东北重点国有林区天然林商业性采伐全面停止,国内木材的需求量依赖进口程度将进一步增加,对国内木材调运检疫提出了更高的要求。本文在分析上海市木材调运检疫管理现状的同时,针对存在的问题,提出相应对策,以减少木材携带有害生物的传播扩散。     

信息素引诱剂诱捕木材中的小蠹虫

应用信息素引诱剂在进口原木上进行了小蠹虫的诱捕试验,诱捕到的昆虫鉴定结果表明,多种小蠹虫及其他钻蛀性昆虫能被引诱,其中已鉴定出小蠹科9个属18个种。     

黄斑星天牛溴甲烷检疫熏蒸技术研究

对杨树木质包装溴甲烷熏蒸试验结果进行机率值法分析，推算出溴甲烷在4.4℃、10.0℃、15.5℃和21.1℃温度条件下达到黄斑星天牛（Anoplophora nobilis）幼虫死亡机率值9要求的CT值分别为：1133.78、938.21、642.39和349.87g.h/m^3；根据毒力试验结果进行的室内验证试验证明：在上述4个温度条件下，只要熏蒸中CT值达到了毒力测定的要求，就能够完全杀灭杨树携带的光肩星天牛（A.glabripennis）和黄斑星天牛幼虫、蛹，以及芳香木蠹蛾东方亚种（Cossus cossus orientalis）和杨干透翅蛾（Sphecia siningensis）幼虫。在此基础上，提出了木质包装溴甲烷检疫熏蒸处理的技术指标。     

2011～2016年山东口岸进境木材疫情分析及建议

本文对山东口岸2011～2016年进境木材疫情截获情况进行分析,重点对所截获有害生物的种群类别、年度趋势、截获频次和来源地等进行统计分析,并针对木材检疫监管存在的问题提出建议,以供口岸检疫参考.     

The effects of desiccation on broad‐leaved dock (Rumex obtusifolius) and curled dock (Rumex crispus) root fragment regeneration

Fresh root fragments of Rumex crispus and Rumex obtusifolius, which initially contain 65–70% moisture, progressively lose moisture when desiccated under conditions matching summer weather in southeast England. The likelihood of shoot emergence and the time it took in glasshouse conditions were both affected by desiccation, with R. crispus the most affected up to 48 hr and R. obtusifolius slower to emerge after 48 hr. These effects converged after longer desiccation periods, and R. crispus entirely failed to emerge after 120 hr. The dry weight of emerged shoots was not significantly different between the species until they were desiccated for 96 hr, after which R. obtusifolius dry weight was significantly reduced. In outdoor trials, desiccation for 24 or 48 hr had a lesser effect on emergence in either species when fragments were planted at the soil surface or at up to a depth of 10 cm, compared to deeper plantings, but emergence was significantly lower in plantings at 15 or 20 cm. Emergence delays were not significantly different between the species until they were planted at 15 or 20 cm, when R. obtusifolius was slower to emerge than R. crispus, an effect exacerbated by increasing desiccation. Similar interactions of increasing soil depth and desiccation were found in reductions in dry weight, number of tillers and leaf area, with R. obtusifolius generally, but not exclusively, better able to withstand more extreme trial conditions. Our findings suggest that control of these highly troublesome weeds can be assisted by appropriate agricultural practices, notably exposing cut fragments to drying conditions followed by deep burial.