OsDXR interacts with OsMORF1 to regulate chloroplast development and the RNA editing of chloroplast genes in rice

Plant chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development are two complex processes that are regulated by exogenous and endogenous factors. In this study, we identified OsDXR, a gene encoding a reductoisomerase that positively regulates chlorophyll biosynthesis and chloroplast development in rice. OsDXR knock-out lines displayed the albino phenotype and could not complete the whole life cycle process. OsDXR was highly expressed in rice leaves, and subcellular localization indicated that OsDXR i...     

The polarity protein Par-3 directly interacts with p75NTR to regulate myelination

Cell polarity is critical in various cellular processes ranging from cell migration to asymmetric cell division and axon and dendrite specification. Similarly, myelination by Schwann cells is polarized, but the mechanisms involved remain unclear. Here, we show that the polarity protein Par-3 localizes asymmetrically in Schwann cells at the axon-glial junction and that disruption of Par-3 localization, by overexpression and knockdown, inhibits myelination. Additionally, we show that Par-3 directly associates and recruits the p75 neurotrophin receptor to the axon-glial junction, forming a complex necessary for myelination. Together, these results point to a critical role in the establishment of cell polarity for myelination.     

高山杜鹃花芽分化临界期生理生化研究

以不同花期高山杜鹃(Rhododendron hybrides)为试材,研究花芽分化临界期叶片内部分生理生化指标的变化。结果表明:花芽分化临界期叶片内可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素含量总体呈上升趋势,说明这些指标有利于花芽始创;整个营养生长期蛋白质含量变化不明显。其中早花品种可溶性糖、淀粉和叶绿素含量明显高于其他2个品种(P<0.05)。初步判断早花品种6月中旬以后进入花芽分化期。     

拟南芥次生生长相关NAC转录因子保守结构域分析

【目的】了解植物次生生长调控网络以及挖掘新型次生生长相关NAC转录因子。【方法】通过生物信息学手段对19个拟南芥次生生长相关NAC转录因子进行氨基酸序列比对及系统发生树的构建,寻找保守结构域,并对其保守结构域及蛋白质的二级结构、亚细胞定位等进行分析、预测。【结果】通过对19个拟南芥NAC转录因子的N端保守域进行划分,共发现A、B、C、D、E5个保守性不同、同时含有多个化学修饰位点以及疏水性区域的亚结构域,其中亚域D可能涉及DNA绑定及核定位信号功能,而位于多变氨基酸序列C端的F区与G区,可能涉及转录激活功能,而该区域也是划分次生生长相关NAC转录因子亚家族的重要区域。【结论】拟南芥NAC类转录因子的保守结构域,对于次生生长NAC转录因子家族功能的发挥具有重要作用。     

拟南芥ATMYB2转录因子的cDNA序列分析及其细胞定位

根据GenBank中收录的拟南芥At Myb2基因(GenBank登录号:AK229140)的cDNA序列设计1对引物,对拟南芥中叶片提取的总RNA进行扩增和克隆,并将拟南芥ATMYB2蛋白氨基酸序列进行同源性比较和蛋白定位分析.结果表明:At Myb2基因cDNA全长为816 bp,编码272个氨基酸和1个终止密码子,具有2个典型的MYB类转录因子基因的DNA结合区,分别为23-70、79-118位氨基酸,属于典型的R2,R3-MYB转录因子;经过氨基酸比对发现,拟南芥ATMYB2蛋白与水稻的ATMB18蛋白同源性最高,为44.60%.对拟南芥At Myb2基因进行RT-PCR扩增,结果表明基因片段未发生任何突变;通过拟南芥ATMYB2与EGFP形成融合蛋白对AT-MYB2进行了定位,发现ATMYB2蛋白在细胞核内能够表达,符合作为转录因子的表达特征.     

转Mz_2NHX_1基因拟南芥对盐胁迫的生理响应

为了探讨珠美海棠Na~+/H~+逆向转运蛋白基因Mz_2NHX_1在植物耐盐中的作用,以野生型拟南芥和转Mz_2NHX_1基因拟南芥为材料,研究不同盐浓度对转基因和野生型拟南芥种子萌发、植株耐盐性相关生理指标的影响。结果表明:在不同盐胁迫下,转基因拟南芥种子发芽率明显高于野生型。随着盐浓度的增加,野生型和转基因植株的电导率呈上升趋势;SOD活性呈先上升后下降趋势;POD活性、可溶性糖含量、脯氨酸含量在野生型植株中呈先上升后下降趋势,在转基因植株中呈不断升高的趋势。盐胁迫下,转基因植株的各项生理指标均优于野生型,表明Mz_2NHX_1基因的过量表达,提高了转基因拟南芥的耐盐性。     

拟南芥G蛋白突变体gpa1-1、gpa1-2形态及生理特性分析

对拟南芥野生型Ws及其G蛋白α亚基突变体gpa1-1和gpa1-2的形态特征进行了比较，并研究了低温处理对其抗氧化酶系活力和丙二醛含量的差异。结果表明，与野生型相比，两突变体形态上发生了较大的变化，并表现出对低温反应敏感性的降低。低温12h时，野生型的SOD酶和POD酶活迅速发生变化，丙二醛含量迅速升高，而两突变体变化较平缓。     

胡杨PeAPY1和PeAPY2调控拟南芥耐盐机制研究

本文研究了胡杨apyrase基因(PeAPY1和PeAPY2)对植物耐盐性的影响。以PeAPY1和PeAPY2过表达拟南芥、拟南芥Atapy1和Atapy2突变体、野生型(WT)拟南芥及空载体(VC)为实验材料,研究盐胁迫条件下的植物根长、相对电导率、细胞活力、H₂O₂水平、eATP浓度、抗氧化酶活性的变化。研究结果显示:低盐浓度(50 mmol/L NaCl)对拟南芥各基因型的生长和生理生化指标没有显著影响;而高盐浓度(100 mmol/L NaCl)抑制了各株系的根长生长、细胞活力和抗氧化酶(超氧化物歧化酶/SOD、抗坏血酸过氧化酶/APX、过氧化氢酶/CAT)活性,却提高了相对电导率、H₂O₂水平和eATP浓度。但与Atapy突变体株系相比较,PeAPY过表达株系受高盐胁迫的影响较小。主要是由于PeAPY1/2的过表达提高了apyrase酶活,下调了eATP浓度及其诱发的活性氧水平,同时,过表达株系还通过保持抗氧化酶活性来抑制H₂O₂的水平,从而降低活性氧及其对膜脂的过氧化,保持了膜的稳定性、细胞活力和生长,最终提高了植物耐盐性。      

StOFP20 regulates tuber shape and interacts with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif proteins in potato

The OVATE family proteins (OFPs) are plant-specific proteins that modulate diverse aspects of plant growth and development.  In tomato, OFP20 has been shown to interact with TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif (TRM) proteins to regulate fruit shape.  In this study, we demonstrated that the mutation of StOFP20 caused a shift from round to oval shaped tubers in a diploid accession C151, supporting the role of StOFP20 in controlling tuber shape.  Its expression reached a maximum in the tuber initiation stage and then decreased as the tuber develops.  To help elucidate the mechanism of tuber shape regulation by StOFP20, 27 TONNEAU1 Recruiting Motif (TRM) proteins were identified and 23 of them were successfully amplified in C151.  A yeast two-hybrid assay identified three TRM proteins that interacted with StOFP20, which was confirmed by firefly luciferase complementation in tobacco leaves.  The OVATE domain was indispensable for the interactions, while the necessity of the M10 motif in TRM proteins varied among the interactions between StOFP20 and the three TRMs.  In summary, both StOFP20 and SlOFP20 directed interactions with TRM proteins, but the corresponding interactants were not completely consistent, implying that they exert regulatory roles through mechanisms that are only partially overlapping.