膨胀后低温制粒工艺对仔猪生长性能的影响

试验选用25日龄的断奶仔猪60头,随机分为2个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复5头仔猪。对照组饲喂传统制粒工艺的保育料,试验组饲喂膨胀后低温制粒工艺的保育料,饲养期28 d。结果表明:与传统制粒工艺相比,膨胀后低温制粒工艺显著地提高了保育料的淀粉糊化度(P0.05),提高幅度为56.9%;显著地改善了保育料的蛋白质体外消化率(P0.05),提高幅度为11.48%;与饲喂传统制粒工艺保育料的仔猪相比,饲喂膨胀后低温制粒工艺保育料的仔猪采食量显著提高21.63%(P0.05),平均日增重提高幅度为27.61.%(P0.05),腹泻较少,耗料增重比改善幅度为4.51%(P0.05),说明膨胀后低温制粒能有效提高仔猪对饲料的消化吸收。     

不同加工工艺对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、生长性能和养分消化率的影响研究

本试验旨在研究不同加工工艺对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、生长性能和养分消化率的影响。分别采用普通制粒、添加膨化玉米低温制粒、大料膨胀低温制粒和二次制粒4种工艺加工断奶仔猪饲粮,分别命名为STP、EXT、EXP和DOP。选取96头平均体重为(8.57±0.87)kg的32日龄"大×长×杜"三元杂交仔猪,随机分为4个组,每组6个重复,每重复4头猪。4组分别饲喂4种加工工艺饲粮,试验期为28 d。结果表明:1)与STP组相比,EXT、EXP和DOP组的硬度值分别显著增加了32.87%、38.34%、30.13%(P0.05);而EXP组的颗粒耐久性指数(PDI)却显著高于其他3组(P0.05);与STP、DOP组相比,EXT、EXP组的酥脆性显著增强(P0.05);EXT组的淀粉糊化度达到75%,显著高于其他3组(P0.05),DOP、EXP组淀粉糊化度分别比STP组显著提高32.70%、30.80%(P0.05);不同加工工艺对蛋白质溶解度的影响不显著(P0.05)。2)1~28 d仔猪生长试验中,饲喂4种颗粒饲粮对断奶仔猪的平均日增重(ADG)和平均日采食量(ADFI)均没有显著差异(P0.05),但EXP组仔猪的ADG和ADFI最高,EXP组的料重比(F/G)显著低于STP、EXT组(P0.05)。3)EXP组干物质消化率显著高于EXT组(P0.05);DOP组粗灰分消化率比STP、EXT组分别提高了7.6%、6.7%(P0.05);EXP组总能消化率显著高于STP组(P0.05);4种工艺对有机物消化率没有显著性的影响(P0.05);与STP组相比,EXP和DOP组的粗蛋白质消化率分别显著提高3.6%、4.0%(P0.05)。由此可见,大料膨胀低温制粒工艺和二次制粒工艺加工断奶仔猪饲粮显著改善了仔猪颗粒饲粮的加工质量,提高了断奶仔猪的生长性能、养分消化率。     

膨胀器不同环隙开度对饲料品质和断奶仔猪生长性能的影响

本试验旨在研究膨胀器不同环隙开度对大宗原料饲料品质的影响,以及在同一配方下,大宗原料不同膨胀度对断奶仔猪颗粒饲粮加工质量、断奶仔猪生长性能的影响。大宗原料分别采用3种不同环隙开度(3.2、3.8和4.5 cm)进行膨胀加工,试验饲粮参照配方进行低温制粒。试验选取72头平均体重为(5.8±0.5)kg的32日龄"大×长×杜"杂交断奶仔猪,随机分为3个组,每个组6个重复,每个重复4头猪。3组分别饲喂3种膨胀度饲粮,试验期为28 d。试验结果:膨胀后大宗原料淀粉糊化度随着环隙开度的减小而增大,且3.2 cm组淀粉糊化度显著高于其余2组(P0.05),粗蛋白质体外消化率3.2 cm组显著高于4.5 cm组(P0.05),但与3.8 cm组差异不显著(P0.05)。低温制粒后饲粮淀粉糊化度、颗粒硬度和颗粒耐久性指数最高为3.2 cm组,分别为41.95%、25.36 N和96.11%。当膨胀器环隙开度为3.2 cm时,断奶仔猪料重比最低,为1.50,平均日增重最高,为0.33 kg。本试验结果表明,环隙开度为3.2 cm时颗粒饲粮质量最好,断奶仔猪生长性能最佳。     

鲁莱配套系断奶仔猪对赖氨酸需要量的研究

试验采用112头(35±2)日龄的鲁莱配套系断奶仔猪,随机分为4个处理组,每组4个重复,每个重复7头猪,研究饲粮不同赖氨酸水平(Lys:1.05%、1.15%、1.25%、1.35%)对鲁莱断奶仔猪生产性能和血清尿素氮的影响,确定鲁莱断奶仔猪赖氨酸的需要量。结果表明,当赖氨酸水平为1.15%时,料肉比和血清尿素氮浓度显著低于1.25%、1.35%组(P<0.05),鲁莱断奶仔猪的赖氨酸需求参数为饲粮的1.15%。     

赖氨酸水平对仔猪生长表现、血清尿素氮及游离赖氨酸浓度的影响

试验选用90头体重为7.8±1.0kg的三元(大白×长白×北京黑)杂种仔猪,通过研究不同饲粮赖氨酸水平(1.0%、1.1%、1.2%、1.4%和1.5%)对仔猪生长表现、血清尿素氮及游离赖氨酸浓度的影响,确定仔猪适宜的赖氨酸需要量。结果表明,在中国实际生产条件下,8～20kg仔猪的赖氨酸建议需要量为1.1%～1.2%;且随饲粮赖氨酸水平提高,仔猪料重比呈线性降低(P<0.0004),每克赖氨酸增重量也呈线性降低(P<0.001),血清游离赖氨酸浓度呈线性升高(P<0.006)。     

仔猪饲料应低温干燥保存

<正>赖氨酸是一种昂贵的氨基酸,它在猪饲料中广泛使用,但是,由于制粒和储存过程不当而易大量损失。品质优良的仔猪饲料一般都含有丰富的蛋白质、乳糖,有时候也含有丰富的蔗糖和葡萄糖。来自蛋白质或者添加的结晶赖氨酸与还原糖能在适当的湿热条件下结合,形成难以消化的成分。因此,大多数仔猪饲料添加较高剂量的赖氨酸,来弥补制粒和储存过程造成的预计损失。1)弱化"美拉德反应"。一般来说,当氨基酸在一定湿度下加热发生化学反应时,就会产生"美拉德     

不同赖氨酸水平饲粮对断奶仔猪生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响

选择72头平均体重(8.82±0.19)kg、28日龄断奶的杜长大仔猪,按体重、性别一致的原则随机分为3个处理,每个处理6个重复,每个重复4头猪,分别饲喂可消化赖氨酸水平为1.20%、1.32%、1.44%的3种饲粮,考察不同赖氨酸水平对断奶仔猪生长性能和营养物质消化率的影响。结果表明,当饲粮中的可消化赖氨酸水平为1.20%时,额外添加赖氨酸对仔猪的日采食量、日增重和料重比没有改善作用,反而有降低仔猪生长性能的趋势,但差异均不显著。     

7～14kg仔猪标准回肠可消化赖氨酸需要量评价

本研究开展4个试验旨在评估7~14kg仔猪标准回肠可消化赖氨酸(SID)需要量。试验一,294头平均体重为6.8kg的仔猪按体重随机分成6个组,每组7个重复,每个重复7头仔猪。试验持续28天,仔猪1~14天饲喂试验饲粮,15~28天饲喂相同饲粮,标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平分别为1.15,1.23,1.30,1.38,1.45,和1.53%。试验饲粮为玉米-豆粕型,其中含有10%乳清粉,4.5%的鱼粉,代谢能浓度为3.37 Mcal/kg。试验结果表明,0~14天仔猪平均日增重随标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平(1.15%~1.30%)的升高显著提高(二次曲线,P0.001),但标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平超过1.30%后日增重没有显著变化,饲料转化效率随标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平的升高显著升高(线性,P0.001)。试验二至四,试验分为5组,标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平分别为1.22,1.32,1.42,1.52和1.62%,试验持续14天。试验饲粮均为玉米-豆粕型,代谢能浓度为3.45 Mcal/kg,每个饲粮都含有30%的豆粕和7%的乳糖。其中,试验二,840头平均体重为7.6kg的仔猪按体重随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复24头仔猪。结果表明,饲粮标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平从1.22%提升到1.42%,仔猪的日增重和饲料转化效率显著提高(二次曲线,P0.01);当标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平达到1.52%和1.62%时,仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率没有显著改善。试验三,1260头平均体重为8.5kg的仔猪按体重随机分为5组,每组6个饲喂器,每个饲喂器42头仔猪。试验结果表明,饲粮标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平从1.22%提升到1.32%,仔猪的平均日增重和饲料转化效率显著改善(二次,P0.02);当标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平提高到1.42%和1.52%时,仔猪的日增重和饲料转化效率只轻微改善。试验四,770头平均体重为7.4kg的仔猪按体重随机分为5组,每组7个重复,每个重复22头仔猪。试验结果表明,随标准回肠可消化氨基酸水平的提高,平均日增重显著提高(二次曲线,P=0.05),且1.32%和1.42%组获得最大的体增重。随标准回肠可消化赖氨酸水平的提高,仔猪的平均日采食量显著降低(线性,P0.001),饲料转化效率显著提高(线性,P0.001;二次曲线,P=0.02)。综上,试验结果表明NRC1998推荐的5~10kg仔猪标准回肠可消化赖氨酸的需要量(1.19%)不能满足7~14kg仔猪最佳生长需要量。通过一次直线斜率分析,以平均日增重为评判指标,7~14kg仔猪获得最佳生长性能所需的标准回肠可消化赖氨酸为1.30%,以饲料转化效率为评判指标,则为1.37%,或者按能量计算,则每Mcal代谢能至少3.86克和4.18克标准回肠可消化赖氨酸。通过二次折线分析,以平均日增重为评判指标,7~14kg仔猪获得最佳生长性能所需的标准回肠可消化赖氨酸为1.37%,以饲料转化效率为评判指标,则为1.54%,或者按能量计算,则每Mcal代谢能至少4.19克和4.92克标准回肠可消化赖氨酸。     

日粮赖氨酸水平对生长肥育猪氮代谢的影响

用2个氮代谢试验和一个饲养实验探讨了日粮赖氨酸浓度高低对猪氮平衡的影响。饲养试验共用断奶仔猪72头,氮代谢试验1用断奶仔猪16头,试验2用肥育猪6头。试验设2个处理,仔猪日粮赖氨酸含量分别为1.25%和1.15%;肥育猪日粮赖氨酸含量分别为0.6%和0.5%。结果表明,与低赖氨酸日粮相比,高赖氨酸日粮有利于提高猪对氮的利用效率和仔猪日增重。实用断奶仔猪日粮中,赖氨酸含量以1.25%较好。     

标准回肠可消化色氨酸与赖氨酸比值对保育猪生长性能的影响

本研究的两个试验旨在评估保育猪最佳生长性能所需的标准回肠可消化(SID)色氨酸与赖氨酸的比值。试验配方确保赖氨酸作为第二限制性氨基酸。试验1中(饲养体重阶段为6~10 kg),255头保育仔猪(PIC 327×1050,初始体重为6.3±0.15kg,平均数±标准差)按栏重分为6个处理,每个处理7栏(每栏为1个重复),每栏饲养6至7头仔猪。6个处理的SID赖氨酸水平均为1.30%,但SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值分别为14.7%、16.5%、18.4%、20.3%、22.1%和24.0%,试验为期14天。试验2中(饲养体重阶段为11~20 kg),1088头保育仔猪(PIC 337×1050,初始体重11.2±1.35 kg,平均数±标准差)按保育猪的平均体重分为7个处理,每个处理6栏(每栏为1个重复),每栏饲养24至27头仔猪。7个处理的配方均含30%玉米干酒糟且SID赖氨酸水平均为0.97%,但SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值分别为14.5%、16.5%、18.0%、19.5%、21.0%、22.5%和24.5%,试验为期21天。试验结果统计采用含异残差的一般线性混合模型。竞争异方差模型包括折线线性(BLL)、折线二次(BLQ)和二次多项式(QP)模型。试验结果根据贝叶斯信息准则来选择最佳模型。在试验1中(体重6~10 kg阶段的保育仔猪),随着SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值的提高,保育仔猪平均日增重和饲料转化率也提高(呈线性,P0.05)。在仔猪平均日增重方面,最佳模型是二次多项式,获得最佳日增重的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为23.9%(95%置信区间:[14.7%,24.0%])。在仔猪料重比方面,最佳模型是折线线性,获得最佳料重比的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为20.4%(95%置信区间:[14.3%,26.5%])。在试验2中(体重11~20 kg阶段的保育仔猪),随着SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值的提高,保育仔猪平均日增重和饲料转化率也提高(呈二次方式,P0.05)。在仔猪平均日增重方面,最佳模型是二次多项式,获得最佳日增重的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为21.2%(95%置信区间:[20.5%,21.9%])。在仔猪料重比方面,折线线性和二次折线模型都比较适合,获得最佳料重比的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值分别为16.6%(95%置信区间:[16.0%,17.3%])和17.1%(95%置信区间:[16.6%,17.7%])。总结:在试验1中(体重6~10 kg阶段的保育仔猪),获得最佳料重比的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为20.4%,获得最佳日增重的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为23.9%。在试验2中(体重11~20 kg阶段的保育仔猪),获得最佳料重比的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为16.6%,获得最佳日增重的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值为21.2%。这些结果表明,NRC(2012)的推荐标准可能低估了体重11~20 kg阶段保育仔猪的SID色氨酸与赖氨酸比值。     

The substitution of lysine supplemented high protein wheat for protein feeds during the rearing and laying periods of hens. 8. Nitrogen excretion and true amino acid digestibility as an effect of various lysine levels and successive laying periods]

Digestibility trials were performed with laying hens receiving 3 types of rations containing equal proportions of the same dietary components. The percentage of high-protein wheat in these rations was 74%. Ration I was supplemented with 0.12% lysine while 0.06% lysine was added to ration II; ration III remained unsupplemented. The crude protein content of rations 1 to 3 was 16.1%, 16.5% and 16.6%, respectively. The corresponding lysine percentages were 0.66, 0.62 and 0.56. Studies were made to investigate the influence of different lysine levels on the rate of N excretion and various amino acid data. These studies were carried out during two successive laying periods. Only random differences between the data for urinary N excretion and N balances per kg liveweight were obtained in the two laying periods and for the different lysine levels. The true lysine digestibility was significantly lower in the poor-lysine ration as compared with the ration with 0.66% lysine. Moreover, the absorptive capacity for thio-amino acids is influenced by the lysine level of the ration. The proportion of lysine contained in faecal crude protein increased with the decreasing lysine content of the ration. Similarly, the total number of amino acids present in faecal crude protein increased with the declining supply of lysine. These findings suggest that relatively more NPN compounds are excreted in the faeces if adequate amounts of amino acids are supplied rather than when one amino acid is deficient.     

Substitution of protein feed through lysine-supplemented high-protein wheat during the rearing and laying period of hens. 3. Effect of graded lysine doses on the crude nutrient content of carcasses and on the level of amino acids and GOT activity in the blood of young hens]

A large-scale trial was carried out under commercial conditions to investigate to which extent the feeding of rations with varying lysine content to young hens would influence the crude nutrient content of the body fractions and might change the pattern of amino acid composition and the activity of GOT in the blood. Four rations were fed each containing 14.2% crude protein, 626-633 EFh units/kg and 0.59%, 0.61%, 0.54% and 0.46% lysine. The crude protein and crude fat content of the total body and of body fractions were in no case found to be related to the feeding regime. The proportion of crude ash in the "remainder of non-utilizable parts", in "bones", "intestinal and abdominal fat", "ovaries" and "small intestine" decreased with the decreasing lysine content of the rations. The concentrations of free lysine, histidine, arginine, and phenylalanine in the deproteinized blood plasma of the young hens were significantly (a = 0.01) lower in the birds of the lysine deficient group than in the hens of the other groups. Positive regressions were calculated for the lysine content or the content of aspartic acid in the ration and the pattern of free amino acids in blood plasma. Positive and negative linear relationships were found to exist between the concentrations of free lysine, and those of histidine, arginine or threonine, and serine. A close correlation existed between the total amount of essential amino acids in blood plasma and the lysine concentrations of the plasma. Increasing lysine supplementation produced a decline in the N content of the whole blood and blood corpuscles but a rise in the N content of blood plasma. The activity of GOT in the blood of young hens was not found to be useful as an indicator of the quality of dietary proteins.     

日粮赖氨酸与粗蛋白质比例对哺乳母猪繁殖性能的影响

选用分娩日期相近的长×大二元母猪 6 0头 ,按胎次 ,体重随机分为 5个处理 ,分别饲喂不同赖氨酸和粗蛋白质比例 (4 .8,5 .3,5 .8,6 .3和 6 .8gLys/ 10 0gCP)的日粮。试验结果表明 :随着哺乳母猪日粮赖氨酸与粗蛋白质比例的增加 ,母猪体重与背膘厚度损失呈二次曲线下降 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;母猪 2 1日龄的产奶量呈二次曲线变化趋势 (P <0 .0 1) ;哺乳期间窝平均日增重呈二次曲线变化趋势 (P <0 .0 5 ) ;哺乳母猪产后 14d和 2 1d血清尿素氮的浓度呈线性或二次曲线下降 (P <0 .0 1) ,而血清游离赖氨酸的浓度则呈二次曲线变化趋势 (P <0 .0 5 )。在本试验条件下 ,粗蛋白质为 17%时 ,长×大二元哺乳母猪最佳的赖氨酸和粗蛋白质比例为 6 .3g/ 10 0g。     

不同氮源对反刍动物饲料可利用粗蛋白的影响

本试验应用体外培养技术研究了不同氮源对反刍动物饲料可利用粗蛋白(utilizable crude protein,uCP)的影响,以及不同氮源在培养发酵过程中降解损失的情况。将4种氮源,即尿素、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和酪蛋白水解物,分别添加到肉牛的典型基础日粮中(粗蛋白,CP14.1%),配制成4种日粮,并使各日粮的粗蛋白水平相近(约20%),作为试验日粮。以未添加氮源的基础日粮作为对照日粮。应用Zhao和Lebzien(2002)的体外培养法测定了4种试验日粮和对照日粮的uCP。结果表明,添加尿素、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和酪蛋白水解物,均能够有效地提高基础日粮的uCP(P<0.05)。在这4种氮源中,赖氨酸提高uCP的效果最好。在培养发酵过程中,尿素、赖氨酸、蛋氨酸和酪蛋白水解物的氨态氮损失分别占粗蛋白质的72.9%、22.8%、55.2%和70.3%。     

The effect of different levels of soybean extract meal on the apparent digestibility of crude nutrients and amino acids in colostomized laying hens

Four colostomized laying hens per group were given a ration of barley and soya bean oil meal (SBM) with 12.5, 25.0 and 37.5% SBM resp. The crude protein intakes were 14.0, 17.7 and 21.4 g per animal and day. The lysine intake raised from 681 mg (group 1) to 1275 mg (group 3) per animal and day. The digestibility of dry matter and of the N-free extracts of the ration decreased with the rising SBM portion in the ration. The digestibility of crude protein remained constant. The investigated amino acids (Lys, His, Arg, Cys, Met) were higher digested in the 37.5% SBM ration than in the 12.5% SBM ration. The following digestibility values for SBM were found by means of the difference method: Dry matter 52.5%, crude protein 83.1%, crude fat 51.7%, crude fibre 5.5%, N-free extracts 50.6%. The level of the SBM did not influence the digestibility of the crude nutrients. The apparent digestibility of lysine from SBM depended on the level of intake and was found to be 82.3, 83.4 and 89.0%, resp. There were no differences in the digestibility of other amino acids.     

Effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens

Two experiments were conducted to determine the effect of dietary lysine to crude protein ratio on performance of male Ross 308 broiler chickens. In each experiment the diets were isocaloric and isonitrogenous but with different lysine to crude protein ratios. A complete randomized design was used in both experiments, the starter (1–21 days) and grower (22–42 days) experiments. The three starter diets, based on lysine to crude protein ratios, were L₀ (0.055), L₁ (0.066) and L₂ (0.077), while grower diets were L₃(0.047), L₄(0.061) and L₅(0.074). A quadratic type equation was used to determine ratios for optimum growth rate, feed conversion ratio, breast meat yield and breast meat nitrogen content. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.066 and 0.077 supported optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio, respectively, during the starter period. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratios of 0.073, 0.073, 0.069 and 0.079 supported optimum growth rate, feed conversion and breast meat yield and nitrogen content during the grower phase. Dietary lysine to crude protein ratio had no effect on diet intake and digestibility. The results indicate that at each phase a single dietary lysine to crude protein optimized both growth rate and feed conversion ratio. However, the ratio for optimum breast meat yield was lower than that for optimum growth rate and feed conversion ratio. These findings have implications on ration formulation for broiler chickens.     

黑鲷幼鱼赖氨酸需求量的研究

选用初体重(9.13±0.09)g的黑鲷(Sparus macrocephalus)幼鱼360尾随机分为6组,每组3个重复,每个重复20尾,分别投饲赖氨酸水平实测值为2.08%、2.52%、2.88%、3.25%、3.68%和4.05%的等氮等能日粮.试验期为8周,观察日粮赖氨酸对黑鲷生长性能,体组成以及消化能力的影响,并确定其适宜的赖氨酸需求量.结果表明,当饲料中的赖氨酸水平从2.08%上升到3.25%,黑鲷的增重率和特定生长率随着饲料赖氨酸水平升高而升高(P<0.05),此后则出现降低的趋势.赖氨酸低水平组(2.08%和2.52%)饲料效率较其他组低(P<0.05),其余各组之间没有显著性差异(P>0.05).饲料赖氨酸水平从2.08%上升到3.25%,蛋白质沉积率有显著提高(P<0.05),此后趋于稳定.存活率与肝体比与赖氨酸水平无关.全鱼蛋白质含量随饲料赖氨酸水平增加而增加,脂肪含量则呈现下降趋势;各组间的灰分和水分含量没有显著性差异(P>0.05).肝脏总必需氨基酸和赖氨酸含量随着饲料赖氨酸水平升高而增加,但是在赖氨酸添加水平最高组这两个指标均有所降低(P<0.05).随着饲料赖氨酸含量增加,血清胆固醇含量、谷丙转氨酶(ALT)和谷草转氨酶(AST)活性呈下降趋势,赖氨酸含量为3.68%时均达最低值,而对血清甘油三酯含量没有显著性影响(P>0.05).赖氨酸含量为3.25%时,干物质和蛋白质的表观消化率最高,而脂肪消化率的最高值出现在3.68%赖氨酸的饲料组.试验结果还表明,黑鲷幼鱼胃、前肠和中肠的蛋白酶活性变化趋势基本一致.随着饲料中赖氨酸水平的增加而升高(P<0.05),过高的饲料赖氨酸水平则会降低蛋白酶活性,各组间的胃、前肠和中肠的脂肪酶活性先下降后升高(P<0.05),饲料赖氨酸水平对黑鲷幼鱼胃、前肠和中肠的淀粉酶活性没有显著影响(P>0.05).使用曲线模型,根据试验黑鲷幼鱼的增重率同饲料中赖氨酸水平的相关性得出其赖氨酸需要量为3.28%,占饲料蛋白质的8.63%.     

保护性赖氨酸对荷斯坦牛挥发性脂肪酸及菌体蛋白的影响

本试验选用3头装有永久性瘤胃瘘管和十二指肠瘘管的荷斯坦牛,分4个阶段,分别饲喂日粮Ⅰ(基础日粮+保护性赖氨酸Ⅰ30g/d)、日粮Ⅱ(基础日粮+保护性赖氨酸Ⅱ30g/d)、日粮Ⅲ(基础日粮+保护性赖氨酸Ⅲ30g/d)和日粮Ⅳ(基础日粮),研究以不同比例棕榈油脂肪粉包被的赖氨酸对瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白的影响。结果表明,添加瘤胃保护性赖氨酸对瘤胃液挥发性脂肪酸和菌体蛋白均无明显影响(P>0.05)。瘤胃保护性氨基酸没有改变瘤胃内环境,不影响瘤胃微生物的生长和菌体蛋白的合成。     

妊娠母猪中黑麦草粉常规养分的消化率研究

黑麦草在盛花期刈割,自然风干,营养物质含量为：总能１６．３６ＭＪ／ｋｇ,干物质８９．４３％,粗蛋白质１０．４７％,粗纤维３７．２１％,钙０．３３％,总磷０．２２％,平均必需氨基酸为０．２７％,其中赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸和色氨酸含量分别为０．３４％、０．１９％、０．３５％和０．０５％。试验选用４头妊娠母猪。以玉米－豆粕型日粮为基础日粮,分别用黑麦草粉替代１０％、２０％和３０％的基础日粮作为试验日粮。采用４×４拉丁方设计。结果表明０％、１０％、２０％和３０％黑麦草粉组饲料总能的消化率分别为７９．３８％、７４．６９％、６５．１８％和５９．８８％;粗蛋白质消化率分别为７８．９３％、７６．３７％、７２．４３％和６９．１６％;干物质的消化率分别为７７．３０％、７４．５１％、６６．１６０％和６１．６０％。经回归分析得出黑麦草粉总能、粗蛋白质、干物质的消化率依次为１１．５４％、４７．６５％、２２．３０％。黑麦草粉的总氨基酸、总必需氨基酸和总非必需氨基酸的平均粪表观消化率分别为３７．９８％、３７．７８％和３８．２３％;赖氨酸、蛋氨酸、苏氨酸、色氨酸的粪表观消化率为１８．４９％、２５．０８％、１３．９５％、５６．３４％。     

Reducing the proportion of animal protein in feed for rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri). 2. Supplementation of methionine and lysine

Continuing previous investigations, two test feedstuffs whose fishmeal content had been reduced to 5% and which were supplemented with 4.5 g methionine and 5.0 g lysine per kg resp. 6 g methionine and 6 g lysine per kg were proofed in comparison with a fattening feed for trout as customary in trade and with a fish meal content of 35%. The content of animal protein in the control feed was at least 75% (crude protein content 41%), in test feed I at most 35% (crude protein content 35.4%), in test feed II at most 17% (crude protein content 33.9%). All feedstuffs had the same energy content. The tests were made with rainbow trout (Salmo gairdneri) of 80...100 g at the beginning and at water temperatures of 11...12 degrees C. They were conducted over a period of 112 days. After giving the same amount of feed, growth of and feed expenditure for the fish feed with the test feedstuffs were less suitable than of those fish which had received the control feed. Concerning the protein efficiency ratio, the productive protein value and the energetic expenditure too, the best results were achieved with the control feed.