脂多糖对细菌生物被膜形成及厚壳贻贝幼虫变态的影响

为探究脂多糖（LPS）对海洋细菌生物被膜形成、海洋贝类幼虫变态所产生的作用,深入了解影响厚壳贻贝附着变态的因素,本实验使用不同浓度的LPS直接刺激厚壳贻贝幼虫,观察其对幼虫附着变态的直接作用;同时在海假交替单胞菌形成生物被膜的过程中添加不同浓度的LPS,分析生物被膜生物学特性的变化,及变化后的生物被膜对厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的影响。结果显示,3种浓度的LPS均可直接诱导厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态;10.0mg/L浓度LPS处理后的生物被膜其细菌密度、膜厚度明显降低,且膜厚度降低了12.1%,胞外产物中多糖、脂类显著增加,其中代表性多糖可拉酸的含量增加了35.4%,同时其对幼虫变态的诱导作用也提高了53.3%。因而,在厚壳贻贝幼虫的附着变态过程中,LPS具有直接诱导作用,同时还可以通过调控生物被膜胞外物质,特别是可拉酸的生成,间接影响厚壳贻贝幼虫的附着变态。本研究成果对海洋细菌互作关系研究、厚壳贻贝养殖产业的改善以及海洋防污技术研发具有重要推动价值。     

GABA受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱和CGP52432对厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态的影响

为研究GABA及其受体拮抗剂荷包牡丹碱（GABA_A受体）和CGP52432 （GABA_B受体）在厚壳贻贝幼虫附着变态中的调控作用,实验通过分析厚壳贻贝不同发育阶段幼虫转录组数据获得GABA受体相关蛋白基因（GABARAP）和GABA_B2受体基因(GABA_B2R),发现GABA_B2R在变态前期的眼点幼虫阶段相较于其他阶段幼体显著高表达。通过实时荧光定量PCR验证也得到相似的表达模式,显示GABA_B2R可能参与调控厚壳贻贝幼虫变态发育。药理学实验结果显示,10^-4 mol/L GABA对厚壳贻贝幼虫的变态具有诱导活性（27.2%±3.0%）。在拮抗剂实验中,10^-6～10^-4 mol/L荷包牡丹碱和CGP52432均显著抑制了厚壳贻贝幼虫变态,且抑制作用随浓度升高而增强。实验还发现GABA及其受体拮抗剂都抑制了厚壳贻贝幼虫的游泳行为。研究表明,GABA_A或GABA_...     

Importance of dietary arachidonic acid for the growth,survival and stress resistance of larval European sea bass (Dicentrarchus labrax) fed high dietary docosahexaenoic and eicosapentaenoic acids

Together with docosahexaenoic acid (DHA) and eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA), arachidonic acid (ARA) is being considered to be an essential fatty acid in marine fish larval diets. The objective of the present study was to determine the importance of dietary ARA levels for larval European sea bass performance, when EPA and DHA are also present in the diet. Eighteen‐day‐old larvae were fed, for 14 days, gelatine‐based microdiets containing the following ARA levels: 0.3%, 0.6% or 1.2%. Elevation of dietary ARA up to 1.2% showed a positive correlation with larval survival and a significant improvement in the specific growth rates, body weight and total length. Arachidonic acid was efficiently incorporated into larval lipids, even at a higher proportion than that in the diets. Increased accumulation of ARA did not affect the incorporation of DHA or EPA from the diet into larval total lipids. A significant positive correlation was found between dietary ARA levels and survival after handling stress, indicating the importance of this fatty acid in sea bass larvae response to acute stressors. The results show the importance of ARA for sea bass larvae, but higher dietary levels should be tested to determine whether there is a negative effect of ARA in sea bass as reported for other species.