兔病毒性出血症病毒DY株的分离鉴定

对山东省东营某兔场送检的疑似兔病毒性出血症病料进行细菌学检验、血凝性及特异性鉴定,并进一步进行毒力鉴定和免疫原性测定。结果显示:RHDV DY株对人"O"型红细胞具有高度血凝性,血凝效价为1:4 096,RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制RHDV DY株对人"O"型红细胞的凝集,RHDV DY株对家兔的LD50为10~(-6.5)/m L,是一株对家兔具有高致病力的强毒株。取第5代RHDV DY株制备灭活苗,用1.0m L免疫试验兔,免疫后第14天攻毒,对RHDV的保护率达100%。     

一株兔出血症病毒变异毒株的分离与鉴定

2021年3月份河南省某养兔场肉兔疑似感染兔病毒性出血症病毒(Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus, RHDV),为了分离鉴定肉兔感染毒株,并对所分离毒株特性进行研究,试验对兔场送检的病死兔进行解剖、细菌与病毒分离、RT-PCR检测、纯净性检测、血凝性测定,并进一步进行半数致死量(LD₅₀)、传统疫苗免疫兔攻毒保护试验和免疫原性测定。结果表明：病死兔剖检可见肝脏、心脏、肺脏等实质内脏器官广泛出血。病料未分离到细菌,RT-PCR检测鉴定感染病毒为RHDV;用分离株注射非免疫健康家兔后,兔48 h内死亡,症状表现和剖检病变与兔出血症相似;将所分离RHDV命名为HN株,其对人“O”型红细胞无血凝性,对兔的LD₅₀为1×10^-6.77/mL;灭活后免疫兔,能抵抗RHDV HN株攻击。说明养兔场肉兔感染了RHDV,且成功分离鉴定得到一株变异型RHDV,其具有良好的免疫原性。     

一株兔病毒性出血症病毒野毒WF株的分离与鉴定

对山东省潍坊某兔场送检的疑似兔病毒性出血症病料进行细菌学检验、血凝性、特异性鉴定,并进一步进行毒力鉴定和免疫原性测定。结果显示:RHDV WF株对人"O"型红细胞具有高度血凝性,血凝效价为1∶2048,RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制RHDV WF株对人"O"型红细胞的凝集,RHDV WF株对家兔的LD50为10-6.5/m L,是一株对家兔具有高致病力的强毒株。取第5代RHDV WF株制备灭活苗,用1.0mL免疫试验兔,免疫后第14天攻毒,对RHDV的保护率达100%。     

兔病毒性出血症病毒西藏分离株毒力的测定

对一株兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)西藏株进行血凝性、特异性、致病性及毒力鉴定。结果表明:此株RHDV血凝价高达10240以上;RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制该株病毒对人“O”型红细胞的凝集;RHDV的最小致死量为10-5/mL。说明此分离株是一株具有高致病力的RHDV强毒株。     

兔出血症病毒西藏野毒分离株的鉴定

对西藏农牧学院分离的一株兔出血症病毒(RHDV)西藏野毒进行血凝性、特异性和致病性进行鉴定。结果表明,此株RHDV野毒血凝价高达10240以上;RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制该株病毒对人“O”型红细胞的凝集;西藏株RHDV的最小致死量为10^-5／mL,是一株具有高致病力的RHDV强毒株。     

一株兔瘟病毒野毒株的分离与鉴定

为了对南部县某兔场疑似兔出血症病毒(RHDV)NB毒株进行鉴定,试验采用血凝(HA)及血凝抑制(HI)试验、家兔接种试验、家兔免疫攻毒试验、VP60基因的同源性比对。结果显示:NB毒株能凝集人"O"型红细胞,HA效价为12 log2,其血凝性能被RHDV疫苗毒株AV33株的抗血清抑制;NB毒株注射健康非免家兔,家兔在48h内死亡,具有典型的兔病毒性出血症(RHD)的临床症状和病理变化;RHDV(AV33)组织灭活疫苗免疫家兔后,家兔能抵抗NB毒株的攻击;NB毒株与AV33毒株的VP60基因同源性为96.12%,氨基酸序列同源性为97.59%。     

兔病毒性出血症病毒“LQ”株的分离鉴定

对成都龙泉某兔场疑似兔病毒性出血症(RHD)发病兔的病料进行细菌学检查以及血凝性、特异性鉴定,并进一步进行致病性鉴定。结果表明:RHDV LQ株对人"O"型红细胞具有高度血凝性,血凝效价达10×212;RHDV抗血清可特异性抑制RHDV LQ株对人"O"型红细胞的凝集;RHDV LQ株对家兔的LD50为10-6.87/mL,是一株对家兔具有高致病力的强毒株。     

RHD灭活疫苗对RHDV流行毒株的保护效果研究

为检验兔病毒性出血症(RHD)灭活疫苗对兔病毒性出血症病毒(RHDV)流行毒株的免疫保护效果,试验将RHD灭活疫苗以1头份剂量免疫健康易感家兔,免疫后14天采用血凝抑制试验(HI)方法测定其抗体效价,并用2010—2013年从我国不同地区分离的6株RHDV流行毒株进行攻毒试验。结果表明:试验兔免疫接种RHD灭活疫苗14天RHDV抗体效价可达到7.25 lb以上,此抗体水平可以分别抵抗6株不同RHDV流行毒株的攻击,攻毒保护率均达100%。说明现行RHD灭活疫苗具有良好的免疫原性,可以抵抗不同地区分离的RHDV流行毒株的攻击。     

兔出血症病毒ZB株的分离与鉴定

为确定发病兔场兔的死亡病因并对其病原进行鉴定分析,经临床诊断、病理剖检、病毒分离、纯净性检测、血凝性检测、致病性试验、特异性试验、免疫原性试验以及qPCR和测序鉴定,用病死兔病料组织接种健康易感家兔,成功分离到1株兔出血症病毒。分离株病毒不含细菌、霉菌、支原体;对人"O"型红细泡的血凝效价为1∶1024;分离株病毒能够使健康易感兔在96h内全部死亡兔病毒性出血症;兔出血症病毒阳性血清对分离株病毒具有中和作用;用分离株病毒制备的灭活疫苗具有良好的免疫原性;分离株病毒通过qPCR测序鉴定为RHDV毒株。     

新型兔出血症病毒研究进展

兔出血症病毒属于杯状病毒科,兔病毒属的成员之一,能够引起家兔的典型兔病毒性出血症。2010年,研究学者首次在法国发现一例非典型兔出血症疫情,该病原与经典兔出血症病毒(Rabbit hemorrhagic disease virus,RHDV)基因序列差异明显,被称为RHDV2。研究发现该病原能够与经典RHDV发生部分交叉免疫保护,该病原能够感染幼龄家兔而且是唯一一个能够跨物种感染的兔病毒属成员。该病的迅速传播,严重威胁了以兔为中心的生态平衡。目前,该病毒尚未在国内有报道,但是不排除潜在的隐性感染。因此,对该病原的分析研究对于控制该病原的传播具有非常重大的意义。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …