贵州麻江白僵菌MJ1015菌株对3种金龟子幼虫毒力测定的初步研究

为探究麻江白僵菌(Beauveria majiangensis)菌株MJ1015对蓝莓金龟子幼虫(蛴螬)有效的微生物防控技术,采用浸渍法对粗狭肋鳃金龟(Holotrichiascrobiculata)、暗黑鳃金龟(Holotrichiaparallela)、斑青花金龟(Oxycetonia bealiae)3龄幼虫进行室内毒力测定。结果显示:用孢子悬浮液浓度4.3×106～9.2×108孢子/mL处理上述幼虫14 d后,3种幼虫的校正死亡率分别是47.17%～100.00%、31.97%～94.64%、31.58%～91.23%;3种幼虫的LC50值之间差异显著,分别是4.75×106、1.29×107、2.78×107孢子/mL;相同浓度处理下,3种幼虫的LT50差异显著,在浓度5.7×107～9.2×108孢子/mL处理下,3种幼虫的LT50范围分别是3.86～6.68、5.16～9.69、9.00～13.29 d。综上,MJ1015菌株对3种金龟子幼虫均有较强的致病力,且致病力大小为粗狭肋鳃金龟暗黑鳃金龟斑青花金龟。     

蓝莓园金龟子类害虫种类调查与综合防治建议

通过多年调查,发现在江苏省各地和浙江省安吉县为害蓝莓的金龟子类害虫共有3科16种,主要食害蓝莓的叶、花和果。其中黑绒鳃金龟(Serica orientalis Motschulsky)、斑喙丽金龟(Adoretus tenuimaculatus Waterhose)、翼翅丽金龟(Anomala expansa Bates)、棉弧丽金龟(Popillia mutans Newman)和琉璃弧丽金龟(P.atrocoerulea Bates)或取食蓝莓嫩叶、嫩头和嫩花穗,咬成破碎状,或取食已成熟叶片和成熟果实,在一定的条件下都可造成严重的损失。针对金龟子类害虫是土栖昆虫,移动范围不大等特点,通过农艺、园艺、生物和人工防治可以取得较好的防效,害虫大发生时,应进行药剂防治。     

冀北山地核桃常见虫害发生规律及防治方法

正俗称"油虫",常见的有铜绿金龟子、暗黑金龟子、棕色鳃金龟等。3月下旬至5月下旬,成虫危害核桃的嫩芽、嫩叶和花柄等最为严重。幼虫危害植株根系,能造成植株死亡。1.1生活习性和发生规律上述几种金龟子的生活习性基本相同。一年发生1代,以幼虫在土壤中越冬。3月上旬起幼虫开始活动,逐渐从土壤钻出,危害植物嫩根,1个月后化蛹。5月上旬至7月中旬成虫出土     

果园金龟子的防治方法

金龟子的防治最让果农头痛。首先是金龟子活动能力强,靠飞行转移出用药区域;其次是成虫身体表面坚硬光滑,用药时不易粘着,又难渗入,防效较差;再就是大多数果农在施有机肥时不注重将有机肥腐熟,造成金龟子暴发成灾。1目前危害果树的金龟子种类苹毛金龟子:白天活动,喜食花蕾,为害期4月上旬—5月中旬。黑绒金龟子:夜晚活动,喜食嫩芽幼叶,为害期5月初—6月中旬。小青花金龟子:白天活动,喜食花序,为害期5月中旬—6月上旬。铜绿金龟子:夜晚活动,喜食嫩叶,为害期6—7月。白星花金龟子:白天活动,喜食果实,为害期6—8月。2防治方法2.1施用腐熟肥料有…     

阿维菌素等药剂防治柑橘椰圆蚧试验

柑橘椰圆蚧（Aspidiotus destructor-（Signoret））是浙江省衢州市柑橘生产上重要害虫之一,以若虫和雌成虫吸食枝叶和果实汁液为害柑橘等寄主植物。在衢州市该虫第1代若蚧5月上旬初见,于6月中旬、8月、10月上中旬和11月中旬至12月上旬出现4个若蚧高峰期,其中尤以8月份第2代若蚧发生量最大,高峰持续期最长。     

黑绒金龟子的发生与防治

黑绒金龟子属鞘翅目 ,金龟子科。又名东方金龟子、天鹅绒金龟子。1　为害与发生规律　黑绒金龟子幼虫一般为害性不大 ,仅在土内取食一些植物根。成虫主要食害寄主的嫩芽、新叶及花朵 ,尤其嗜食幼嫩的芽叶 ,且常群集暴食 ,所以幼树受害更为严重。黑绒金龟子 1年发生 1代 ,以成虫在土壤内越冬。翌年春季当土层解冻到 2 0～ 30ｃｍ后时 ,(在 4月上、中旬 ) ,越冬成虫即逐渐上升。 4月中、下旬至 5月初大量出土活动。为害盛期在 5月初至 6月中旬。6月为产卵期 ,每个雌成虫一次产卵 2～ 2 3粒 ,每卵块不足 10粒 ,一生产卵 1～ 4次 ,一生总共产卵 …     

杏树黑绒金龟子的发生和防治

黑绒金龟子近年来在临淄区发生较为普遍,以成虫食害嫩芽、新叶及花朵,尤其嗜食幼嫩的叶芽,且群集暴食,幼树受害最重,也可为害果实。 一、发生规律 黑绒金龟子在我区1年发生1代,以成虫在土中越冬。翌年成虫3月下旬出土活动,为害盛期为4月上旬到5月中旬,5月为产卵时期,5月中开始出现新1代幼虫。幼虫多取食植物的幼根,8月上旬到9月上旬3龄老熟幼虫迁入20～30cm处做土室化蛹,蛹期约10天,羽化出来的成虫则不在出土而进入越冬状态。 二、防治技术 1、人工刷除:于4月底前用硬尼龙毛刷或铁丝刷除去越冬的雌虫,并集中烧毁。 2、人工捕…     

白星花金龟子的发生与防治

正2007年在吐鲁番市首次发现白星花金龟子。近几年,我市对白星花金龟子发生规律及防治技术等进行了较系统的观察、研究和综合防治,取得良好的效果。1发生规律与为害白星花金龟子在我市每年发生一代,为害期较长,以中龄或近老熟幼虫在土中越冬。成虫5月上旬出现,啃食嫩芽、花蕾、叶片和果实;6月底7月初至8月中旬是为害盛期,常群集为害。在葡萄上,成虫喜食成熟的果实,常数只聚集在果穗上,先咬破葡萄果皮,然后钻     

枸杞蓟马种群田间消长趋势研究

初步研究了枸杞蓟马种群的田间消长趋势.结果表明,枸杞蓟马种群的田间消长有一定规律,5月以前枸杞蓟马不发生为害,从6月上旬枸杞蓟马种群发生为害开始,6月下旬至7月上旬和7月下旬至8月上旬为全年2个为害高峰期.     

石河子垦区葡萄主要害虫调查及防治实践

通过定点调查结合普查对石河子垦区葡萄害虫进行了调查研究。结果表明:石河子垦区葡萄害虫有8种,分别是葡萄斑叶蝉(Erythroneuraa picalis Nawa)、缺节瘿螨(Colomerusv itis(Pagenstecher))、东方盔蚧(Parthenolecanium corni Bouche)、土耳其斯坦叶螨(Tetranychus turkestaniUgarov and Nikolskii)、白星花金龟(Potosia brevitarsis(Lewis))、绿长突叶蝉(Batracomorphuspandarus Knight)、沙漠墨蟋(Melanogryllus desertus(Pallas))和钳叶甲(Labidostomis seniculaKraatz)。其中葡萄斑叶蝉和缺节瘿螨是石河子垦区葡萄栽培的主要害虫,分布广、为害重,8月底为葡萄斑叶蝉种群数量最高峰。绿长突叶蝉为害酒葡萄的新害虫,有扩散蔓延的趋势,其越冬代成虫发生量高峰期为6月底;第一代若虫高峰期为7月下旬;第一代成虫高峰期为9月中旬。6月中旬为白星花金龟羽化出土盛期。并对主要害虫进行了防治实践。     

Chloride accumulation in different species of grapevine

A range of self-rooted vines, many of which have been used as nematode- and phylloxera-resistant rootstocks, were surveyed for chloride concentration. Petiole analysis showed the following trend for chloride accumulation among Vitis species: V. rupestris < V. berlandieri, V. riparia < V. candicans, V. champini, V. longii < V. cineria, V. cordifolia < V. vinifera.     

Disturbance increases negative spatial autocorrelation in species diversity

Context

Ecological processes that shape diversity and spatial pattern of ecological communities are often altered by disturbance. Spatial patterns (spatial autocorrelation) in species diversity are thus expected to change with disturbance.

Objective

When examining spatial patterns, ecologists traditionally lump positive and negative spatial autocorrelation into the overall spatial autocorrelation. By contrast, here we aim to understand disturbance effects on both positive and negative spatial autocorrelation of species richness and evenness, which may be related to environmental filtering and restricted dispersal, and to competition, respectively.

Methods

For 8 years, we monitored the spatial autocorrelation in species richness and evenness of riparian plant communities in both uncut control and experimentally clearcut sites in the boreal forest of Alberta, Canada. The overall spatial autocorrelation for each of these two indices of diversity was separately decomposed into the components of positive and negative spatial autocorrelations through eigendecomposition of the spatial weighting matrix.

Results

Negative spatial autocorrelation in richness and evenness were more pronounced in the clearcut than uncut sites, although positive spatial autocorrelations in all indices of diversity remained unchanged. Effect of disturbance was not detected on the overall spatial autocorrelation.

Conclusions

Disturbance increases negative spatial autocorrelation in species richness and evenness, with a stronger increase in evenness than richness, which underscores the importance of competition in structuring post-disturbance riparian communities. Our results also highlight the need for assessing positive and negative spatial autocorrelation and different aspects of diversity separately in understanding disturbance effects on the spatial pattern, or identifying processes from patterns.

     

Cross-transferable polymorphic SSR loci in Prunus species

This work reports the transferability and polymorphism of previously reported SSRs in 10 Prunus species. The availability of a large number of SSRs in the genus Prunus makes marker choice random, while preventing comparison of results in fingerprinting studies. The availability of SSR markers, polymorphic in a wide sample of Prunus species, would facilitate marker choice, while allowing the comparison of results. In this work, microsatellite markers useful for analyzing 10 different Prunus species (P. persica, P. dulcis, P. armeniaca, P. domestica, P. insititia, P. salicina, P. cerasifera, P. avium, P. cersus and P. mahaleb) were searched through screening SSRs previously reported to be conserved and/or polymorphic in more than one Prunus species. A selected group of 13 SSRs, transferable to the 10 species, was analyzed in terms of their usefulness for analyzing these species. The amplification range, polymorphism and variability detected by these loci are reported. The information provided will be useful for Prunus genetic studies as well as conservation and management of Prunus germplasm resources.     

6种野生草莓基因组大小估算

【目的】估算野生草苺的基因组大小。【方法】以拟南芥(Arabidopsis thaliana)为内标,利用流式细胞仪测定了6个野生草莓种7个待测样品的基因组大小。【结果】6个野生草莓种的基因组大小分别为:黄毛草莓(274±3.80)Mb,五叶草莓(红果类型)(268±3.73)Mb,五叶草莓(白果类型)(258±5.40)Mb,西南草莓(245±3.28)Mb,东北草莓(241±4.28)Mb,森林草莓(231±3.19)Mb,绿色草莓(230±2.83)Mb。【结论】野生草莓基因组大小的测定为草莓属植物基因组文库的建立及其基因组进化等研究提供了基础数据。     

Development of sex-associated RAPD markers in wild Pistacia species

Summary

Marker assisted selection may greatly facilitate pistachio rootstock breeding as well as cultivar improvement, because of the long juvenile period of Pistacia species. Early diagnosis of seedling sex type would assist breeding and nurserymanagement in these dioecious species. We searched for RAPD markers linked to sex in P. atlantica, P. terebinthus and P. eurycarpa, the main wild species in Turkey that are used as rootstocks for P. vera. For this purpose, leaf samples were collected from male and female individual trees from each species and sex-pooled DNA samples were prepared by mixing the DNA of ten male and ten female individuals, to screen for sex associated RAPD bands. A total of 472 primers have been screened so far and two bands, amplified by primers BC156 and BC360, appeared to be sex assocaited in P. eurycarpa. The bands were tested in 30 male and 37 female individuals. Band BC156 (1300) was present in all, except one, female trees and was absent from all the male trees. Band BC360 (500) was amplified in 31 out of 37 females and was absent from all the males. In P. atlantica, one primer, OPAK09, amplified a femaleassociated band (850 bp), that was present in all 46 female individuals tested and absent in all the 38 male trees tested. It is likely that these markers are linked to sex-determining loci. The sex determination mechanism has not been characterized in Pistacia and segregating populations from controlled crosses are required to elucidate such mechanism and also to measure the genetic distance of our markers from the putative sex loci.     

几种果树水分生理指标的比较研究

以盆栽２年生苹果、杏、桃和葡萄为试材，研究了水分逆境对果树水分关系的形响及差异。从正常灌水（田间持水量８０％）所测定的萎蔫点相对合水量（ＲＷＣｐ）、萎蔫点水势（ψｗｐ）和总体原初渗透压（ψｚ０）判断， ４种果树抗旱性的顺序是：杏、桃＞苹果＞葡萄。干旱下测定的 ３种参量所反映的结果与上述一致。４种果树正常灌水处理弹性大小的顺序是：苹果＞杏＞葡萄＞桃，最大体积弹性模量（Ｅｖ０）分别是：３８．７、４４．９、５１．７、５５．６ＭＰａ。干旱条件下使苹果、杏弹性变差，葡萄、桃弹性增大。Ｅｖ０分别是：７１．７６、９０．６７、５４．０８和４０．４８ＭＰａ，说明ＣＫ弹性好坏不能反映对长期干旱的适应性。弹性系数与膨压（ψｐ）成显著直线正相关，说明弹性越好（Ｅｖ０越小），维持ψｐ能力越强，有利于气孔开张、维持光合。Ｅｖ０小者（苹果、杏）， Ｅｖ０随ＲＷＣ降低而缓慢降低，细胞伸缩范围大。 水分协迫下，苹果、各具有明显的渗透调节作用，苹果ψｗｐ和ψｚ０分别比ＣＫ下降０．５和０．４ＭＰａ，杏分别下降 ０． ６１和 ０． ５９ＭＰａ，葡萄只具有微弱的渗透调节能力，ψｗｐ和ψｚ０分别下降 ０． １６和 ０． １３ＭＰａ，桃无渗透调节能力。多一位处理使     

Somatic embryogenesis from anther-derived callus in two Actinidia species

Embryogenesis and organogenesis were achieved from callus tissue of anthers of Actinidia chinensis Planch. var. chinensis and Actinidia deliciosa (A. Chev.) Liang and Ferguson var. deliciosa. Anthers containing uninucleate or mitotic microspores were chilled for 7 days at 4°C and cultured on a basic nutrient medium supplemented with the cytokinin 2-isopentenyladenine and the auxin indoleacetic acid for highest yields of embryoids. The embryogenic potential of anthers was dependent on genotype, and male source plants yielded the largest numbers of embryoids. Sectioning of anthers demonstrated the somatic origin of the embryoids, and the root tip squashes from plant-lets grown from the embryoids showed a chromosome number of 58 (2n) for A. chinensis and 170 (2n) for A. deliciosa.     

芭蕉属野生种的地理分布

芭蕉属起源于热带亚热带区域,对芭蕉属野生种质资源的研究始于20世纪40年代。通过检索INIBAP的多个数据库和相关文献,归纳整理出芭蕉属野生种的分布规律,为野生蕉的种质资源保存、利用以及品种鉴定提供一定的理论依据。经分析,目前已经报道的芭蕉属共有52个野生种,其中真芭蕉组(Eumusa)11个,观赏蕉组(Rhodochlamys)9个,澳蕉组(Australimusa)13个,红花蕉组(Callimusa)18个,不确定组(Incertae sedis)1个。马来西亚、印度尼西亚、巴布亚新几内亚、印度和中国均分布有不同的3组芭蕉属野生种,但马来西亚和印度分布的种数最多,各分布有15种,约占总数的29%,可能是芭蕉属野生种的多样性中心。     

药用真菌桑黄的抗氧化研究进展

从自由基清除能力,还原能力,亚铁离子的螯合能力,DNA损伤的抑制,MDA、SOD含量等方面对桑黄(Phellinus sp.)抗氧化研究进行概述;并展望其发展趋势.     

危害安宁红梨的蓟马种类调查

经调查,危害安宁红梨的蓟马主要为西花蓟马（Frankliniella occidentalis Pergande）、花蓟马（Frankliniella intonsa Trybom）、棕榈蓟马（Thrips pal mi Karny）、八节黄蓟马（Thrips flavidulus Bag-nall）、黄胸蓟马（Thrips hawaiiensis Morgan）、黄蓟马（Thrips flavus Schrank）,其中西花蓟马是绝对优势种,达到调查蓟马总量的85.12%。编制了梨树蓟马成虫种类检索表,为从事梨树蓟马的相关研究者提供了参考。