辣椒CaCOI1 基因的克隆、表达及其序列分析

 利用RT-PCR技术从辣椒中克隆到基因CaCOI1,该基因编码的蛋白质由603个氨基酸残基组成,蛋白质的分子量为68.35 kD,等电点是6.32。在蛋白质N–端有1个F-box结构域,C–端有6个富含亮氨酸结构域。二级结构分析表明,CaCOI1蛋白分子中,α–螺旋、β–折叠、β–转角和不规则卷曲分别为51.41%、13.76%、5.80%和29.03%。CaCOI1蛋白的平均亲水系数为–0.143,为亲水蛋白。蛋白质序列比对和进化树分析表明,CaCOI1与番茄LeCOI1蛋白的一致性最高（94%）,进化距离最近。实时定量RT-PCR分析表明,CaCOI1在辣椒的根、茎、幼叶、成熟叶、花、青熟期果实、成熟红果等不同生长发育时期的组织中都能表达,在花中表达水平最高,是其他组织的2.8 ~ 5.4倍,表明CaCOI1在花的发育过程中起重要作用。     

石斛兰dfr基因的克隆、序列分析及原核表达

二氢黄酮醇4 - 还原酶(DFR) 在不同花色形成中起着关键作用。利用RT-PCR方法从石斛兰中克隆出dfr基因, 并命名为Dendfr。该序列全长1 164 bp, 编码352个氨基酸。氨基酸序列分析发现, DenDFR与3种兰科植物的DFR氨基酸序列同源性达81% ～86% , 与其他非兰科植物的DFR氨基酸同源性在56% ～72%之间。在Den DFR N - 末端存在一个保守的NADP结合区, 序列中存在26个氨基酸组成的底物特异结合区, 其中134位氨基酸处存在特异的天冬酰胺N位点。将Dendfr的编码区克隆到pQE30载体中, 在大肠杆菌中高效表达了该蛋白, 为进一步研究石斛兰花色形成机制及花色改良基因工程打下基础。     

龙眼梅PGIP基因的克隆及序列分析

利用逆转录-聚合酶链式反应(RT-PCR)得到在龙眼梅(PrunusmumeSiebetZucc.Longyan)嫩芽中特异性表达的PGIP基因。DNA序列分析表明,所获得龙眼梅的PGIPcDNA的序列全长为1045bp,该序列与已发表的PGIP基因有很高的同源性。     

文心兰开花相关OnAP1-like基因的克隆及表达分析

以南茜文心兰（Gower Ramsey）盛花期花葶提取的总RNA为模板,通过RT-PCR与RACE扩增,获得一个958 bp的AP1（APETALA1）-like基因的cDNA全长序列,其基因编码区690 bp,共编码氨基酸229个,命名为OnAP1-like（登录号：KC426946）。蛋白质二级结构分析表明,该蛋白质48.91%为α螺旋,10.92%为β折叠,40.17%为无规则卷曲,为亲水性蛋白质。蛋白序列比对和进化树分析表明,OnAP1-like 蛋白与蕙兰AP1-like蛋白一致性最高,进化距离最近。利用RT-qPCR对从文心兰不同时期不同器官中的OnAP1-like基因表达量进行分析,结果表明,同一器官不同发育时期比较,在叶中,花蕾期的表达量最高;在根中,随发育时间推移,表达量逐渐升高,至花后期达到最高;在花葶中的表达量的趋势与根相同。同一时期不同器官比较,抽葶前,根中表达量高于叶片;花蕾期,花瓣中的表达量最高;盛花期和花后期,花葶中的表达量最高。推测该基因在花的发育及形成中发挥作用。     

矮牵牛CHS基因启动子克隆、序列分析及植物表达载体构建

应用PrimerPremier5.0软件,根据GenBank数据库报道的查尔酮合成酶基因启动子序列(EF199747)设计1对特异性PCR扩增引物,以矮牵牛品种‘午夜蓝色’叶片总DNA为模板,用TaqDNA聚合酶成功扩增出1条约0.5kb的DNA片段,回收该片段并连接到pMD18-T载体上。结果表明:经测序该启动子片段长550bp;bl2seq分析结果表明该启动子与目标序列相似性高达100%;PLACE在线分析显示在克隆片段中含有TATAbox、CAATbox、capsite、antherbox、box1、box2、Gbox及TACPyAT-box等顺式元件;并构建了矮牵牛CHS基因启动子融合标记基因GUS的植物表达载体pPhCHS::GUS。     

君子兰转化酶基因片段(CMCW1)的克隆和序列分析

 分析植物酸性转化酶基因的保守区序列，设计一对PCR引物，以君子兰基因组DNA为模板，采用PCR方法扩增出长约500 bp的DNA片段，克隆入pGEM-TEasy载体，测序结果表明获得君子兰酸性转化酶基因家族的一个成员CMCW1，该基因片段长518 bp，不含内含子，编码172个氨基酸。其序列已在GenBank中登记(登记号为AY151269)。在GenBank中进行同源性检索的结果表明，该成员编码的氨基酸与其它植物细胞壁酸性转化酶编码的氨基酸同源性较高。     

卷丹LlAGO1基因的克隆及表达分析

以卷丹（Lilium lancifolium）叶腋组织为研究材料,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆得到AGO1基因的cDNA全长,命名为LlAGO1。其全长4 014 bp,开放阅读框长3 687 bp,编码1 228个氨基酸残基,其编码蛋白分子量为135.36 kD,理论等电点（pI）为9.57。氨基酸序列分析表明LlAGO1含有PAZ和Piwi两个AGO1典型的结构域;信号肽预测结果表明LlAGO1蛋白不存在信号肽,为非分泌蛋白;亚细胞定位预测其主要定位于细胞核;与相关同源蛋白高度相似,且与芦笋AGO1a蛋白（XP_020260210.1）亲缘关系最近。qRT-PCR分析结果表明：LlAGO1在卷丹叶腋、鳞片、根、叶等不同组织均有表达,其中在叶腋中的表达量最高,叶片和根中的表达较弱;腋生珠芽形成过程中,LlAGO1仅在可形成珠芽的上部叶腋表达,且在珠芽形成时表达量最高,而在不形成珠芽的下部叶腋几乎不表达,推测LlAGO1可能与卷丹珠芽的形成相关。     

拟南芥AtHEMA1基因的克隆及其表达载体的构建

为探究AtHEMA1基因转化植物后对叶绿素合成机制的影响,本实验设计特异引物,以拟南芥基因组DNA为模板,采用PrimStar HS DNA聚合酶扩增AtHEMA1基因。将AtHEMA1基因克隆至载体pVCT2101,获得植物表达载体pVCT2298。     

扁桃SLF基因和S-RNase基因的克隆及表达分析

 以扁桃‘Pioneer’品种为材料, 利用RT-PCR及RACE技术, 克隆了1个新的SLF ( S LocusF-box ) 基因(PdSLF1) 和两个新的S-RNase基因( PdSm 和PdSn) 的cDNA。PdSLF1全长1 331 bp, 编码376个氨基酸; PdSm 全长826 bp, 编码228个氨基酸; PdSn基因全长878 bp, 编码227个氨基酸。与公共数据库中的序列进行相似性比较, 发现这3个基因所编码的氨基酸序列与其它蔷薇科植物相应基因的氨基酸序列均具有较高的一致性, PdSLF1为70.2% ～84.8% , S-RNase为59% ～83.9%。PdSLF1基因在花药中专一性表达, 而PdSm 和PdSn基因在雌蕊中专一性表达。     

梅PGIP基因的克隆及全序列分析

 通过PCR扩增, 从梅基因组中得到1条全长1 192 bp的多聚半乳糖醛酸酶抑制蛋白( PGIP)基因序列。该序列包含有1个完整的开放阅读框和1个内元。比对结果表明, 克隆到的序列与桃、马哈利樱桃中相应序列一致度分别为96%和95% , 其蛋白质序列与桃、马哈利樱桃的蛋白质序列一致度分别为97%和94%。该蛋白质序列中包含着一段亮氨酸重复序列。     

Maturity and water loss effects on avocado (Persea americana Mill.) postharvest physiology in cool environments

The influence of cold storage, increasing fruit maturity and water loss on the ripening physiology of ‘Fuerte’ avocado was investigated. Fruit cold stored for 28 d at 5.5°C always subsequently ripened faster than non-stored fruits of a similar maturity. Non-stored fruit showed an expected decrease in ripening time with increasing maturity. In cold stored fruit the relationship between ripening time and maturity was less clear. Cold stored fruit lost less water during ripening than non-stored fruit of similar maturity, but lost water faster than non-stored fruit. Increasing maturity reduced the total amount of water lost during ripening. Cold storage increased the incidence of mesocarp discoloration which became more severe with increasing fruit maturity. Passive water infusion into fruit had no effect on the rate of fruit ripening (and water is obviously not involved as a ‘ripening trigger’) but totally inhibited the manifestation of postharvest browning disorders.     

Evidence for a major role of honeybees (Apis mellifera) rather than wind during avocado (Persea americana Mill.) pollination

Summary

The purpose of this study was to determine the relative importance of honeybee (Apis mellifera) activity and wind in the pollination of avocado (Persea americana Mill.) trees. Data on the pollination rates of five cultivars of avocado, honeybee densities, ambient temperatures, and wind velocities were recorded in an orchard in Israel on 61 d over a period of 7 years. The effect of wind velocity on avocado-flower pollen under laboratory conditions was also studied. Rates of pollination showed highly positive correlations with honeybee density, whereas no correlations were observed with wind velocity. Under laboratory conditions, no effect of wind velocities equivalent to those measured in the field was observed on avocado-flower pollen. Our results agree with earlier work in which wind contributed only slightly to avocado yield. Hence, we conclude that contrasting data which show the effectiveness of wind pollination in avocado are not relevant to most avocado-growing regions, including Israel and California. It is, therefore, strongly recommended that avocado growers continue using honeybees for pollination.     

Effect of harvest date and applied ABA on polyphenol oxidase levels in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) fruit

Summary

‘Fuerte’ avocado fruits from five harvest dates, which spanned the normal packing season, were infused with different amounts of ABA from zero to 550 ng per gram fresh mass of fruit. After ripening at 21°C, the fruits were analysed for PPO activity and residual ABA. Both ABA and harvest date affected PPO activity, with the greater effect being time of harvest. The later the harvest date and the higher the level of infused ABA, the greater was the effect on PPO activity. Early in the season the infused ABA had no effect upon PPO activity. This study has shown that ‘Fuerte’ fruit with the best potential for long distance transport are those harvested soon after minimum legal maturity. If fruits must be hung (tree stored) after maturity, they should be stressed as little as possible.     

Use of paclobutrazol sprays at mid-anthesis for increasing fruit size and yield of avocado (Persea americana Mill. cv. Hass)

Mid-anthesis foliar sprays of paclobutrazol (PB) at 2.5, 1.25 and 0.62 g a.i. I-1 reduced spring growth and altered dry-matter distribution in fruiting spring shoots of ‘Hass’ avocado.(Persea americana Mill.) trees. There was a decrease in dry matter allocation to vegetative components and an increase in allocation to fruit. The starch concentration in the wood of spring shoots on trees treated with 2.5 g a.i. I-1 foliar PB was increased by ca. 70% compared with spring shoots from trees of other treatments. The mid-anthesis foliar treatments also reduced summer growth by ca. 20%. Trunk injection of PB at 0.2 g a.i. m~2 of canopy silhouette area when the spring growth matured, in addition to a mid- anthesis foliar spray of 1.25 g a.i. I-1, reduced the length of summer shoots by 36% when compared with untreated trees. The spray treatments of 2.5 and 1.25 g a.i. T1 PB at mid- anthesis increased the mean fruit size at harvest by 16 and 11% respectively. Fruit yield was not significantly affected by PB applications on an annual basis. However, the PB spray treatments of 1.25 and 0.62 g a.i. I-1 significantly increased the two year cumulative yield by ca. 63%. There was no significant effect from the trunk injection treatment on fruit yield in either the season of treatment or the following season.     

Influence of shoot age on floral development and early fruit set in avocado (Persea americana Mill.) cv. Hass

Floral bud development, early fruit set, bud size, leaf nitrogen and shoot starch content were recorded in spring, summer and autumn shoots of ‘Hass’ avocado (Persea americana Mill.). Floral initiation occurred in late autumn, but only in buds on terminal shoots (the last-formed shoot module on a terminal or axillary growth axis). In branching systems with three growth flushes, more flowers were produced and more fruit set on autumn and summer, than on spring flush terminal shoots. Floral development and leaf nitrogen accumulation occurred later in autumn than in summer shoots, but leaf numbers, dry and fresh weights, starch content of wood, mean floral status at anthesis and anthesis date were similar. The results suggest that nitrogen and starch were present in excess during floral development, and that shoot age did not influence the ability of a shoot to flower and set fruit, provided the shoot had sufficient vigour to produce new shoot growth in spring.     

南瓜肌醇单磷酸酶基因CmIMP1和CmIMP2的克隆与表达分析

以中国南瓜（Cucurbita moschata）为试验材料,利用同源克隆和南瓜转录组unigene序列获得2个IMP基因的全长cDNA序列,将两个基因命名为CmIMP1和CmIMP2,GenBank登录号为KP735607和KP735608。CmIMP1基因cDNA全长1 053 bp,包含1个810 bp的ORF,共编码269个氨基酸;CmIMP2基因cDNA全长945 bp,包含1个807 bp的ORF,共编码268个氨基酸。序列分析发现两个基因均含有磷酸酶家族锂敏感的3个特殊结构域,系统进化树分析表明这2个南瓜CmIMP与其他植物IMP有较高同源性（63.8% ~ 94.0%）,并与葫芦科作物最接近。采用荧光定量PCR研究CmIMP在各组织及逆境条件下的表达模式显示,其表达具有组织特异性,在叶中表达最高,须和幼果次之;盐胁迫和干旱胁迫可强烈诱导CmIMP表达,ABA对CmIMP的诱导较微弱,推测CmIMP在南瓜响应非生物胁迫的分子调控机制方面发挥重要作用。     

中矮1号梨砧木(S_2)PGIP基因的克隆及序列分析

利用RT-PCR技术,根据GenBank中梨属PGIP基因序列设计1对特异引物,以梨矮化砧木S2叶片总RNA为模板,克隆到1条约1100bp的cDNA片段,将其与pMD18-Tvector连接后转化Escherichia coli JM109,对筛选到的阳性克隆进行序列测定并使用生物信息学方法对所得结果进行综合分析。结果表明,克隆片段为梨PGIP基因,该cDNA编码330个氨基酸,预测分子量为36388ku,第1～24个氨基酸残基是信号肽。与梨属其它种中已获得的PGIP核苷酸序列开放阅读框(Open reading frame,ORF)的同源性为97.5%～99.6%,氨基酸序列的同源性为97.6%～99.1%。     

4个枇杷品种S基因型鉴定及新基因S_(31)-RNase序列分析

【目的】鉴定‘黄密’、‘贵妃’、‘早红’和‘软条白沙’4个枇杷品种的S基因型,为其生产栽培合理选择授粉树及杂交育种亲本选择提供科学依据。【方法】以苹果S基因高度保守区设计兼并引物对4个品种的基因组DNA进行PCR扩增,片段回收、克隆及测序,分别采用Blast软件和Bioedit软件进行同源性检索和结构分析。【结果】从参试的4个品种中共分离了4个S等位基因,分别为S2、S5、S6和S31,其中S31-RNase为新分离的枇杷S-RNase基因,Gen Bank登录号为:KC131133。所克隆获得的4个枇杷S-RNase基因均克隆到4个保守区(C2、C3、RC4和C5)和1个高变区(HV),具有与苹果S基因相同的氨基酸序列结构。【结论】确定了参试4个枇杷品种S基因型分别为:‘贵妃’S2-S6、‘黄密’S2-S5、‘早红’S5-S6、‘软条白沙’S6-S31。     

2个野扁桃自交不亲和S-RNase基因全长的克隆与序列分析

【目的】克隆新疆野扁桃(Amygdalus ledebouriana Schlecht.)自交不亲和性花柱特异性决定因子编码基因SRNase全长序列,为自交不亲和性的分子调控奠定基础。【方法】以新疆野扁桃花柱为试材,利用RT-PCR和RACE技术克隆S-RNase基因全长,采用BLAST和ORF Finder对核酸序列进行分析,利用CDD、Prot Param、Tmpred、Signal P、Target P、SOPMA、DANMAN、MEGA6和Prot Fun对推导的氨基酸序列进行分析。【结果】克隆到Pt S16-RNase基因和Pt S17-RNase基因,2者均属于RNase T2基因家族,与其他多种植物的S-RNase基因的序列相似度为83%~98%,序列均具有S-RNas蛋白典型结构。Pt S16-RNase基因ORF长690 bp,编码229个氨基酸,Pt S17-RNase基因ORF长678 bp,编码225个氨基酸。预测2个S-RNase蛋白均为亲水性、不稳定的分泌蛋白,二级结构均以α-螺旋、延伸链和无规卷曲为主,在蔷薇科李属植物中具有较高的系统进化一致性,可能的主要功能为水解酶和激素。【结论】获得2个新疆野扁桃自交不亲和性花柱特异性决定因子编码基因S-RNase全长序列。     

香蕉果实果胶裂解酶基因cDNA克隆及序列分析

利用已报道果胶裂解酶基因的保守序列设计简并引物,进行RT-PCR,得到1个大约1300bp的香蕉果胶裂解酶基因cDNA片段,命名为MA-pl。DNA序列分析表明:MA-pl片段全长1277bp,包含1个882bp的开放读码框(ORF),编码294个氨基酸;其具有所有果胶裂解酶共有的保守区域:钙协调部位(Asp72,Asp74,Asp96,andAsp100)、酶活性位点(Arg152,Pro154,Arg157)及3个重要的结构域(motifI:WVDH,motifII:DGLVDAVMGSTAITVSNNYF,motifIII:LYQRMPRCRHGYFHVVWNDY);MA-pl氨基酸序列与草莓-1、葡萄、草莓-2、拟南芥、苹果、香蕉(banana-1)的相似性分别为85.8%、74.2%、79.7%、78.6%、72.4%和71.4%。