现代农业园区绿标所在——绿色防控体系

为了促进现代农业园区绿色发展,建立绿色防控体系,打造绿色农产品生产园区,对现代农业园区的现状进行调查,发现存在诸多问题,如前期设计缺少生产植保意识、种植规划忽略环境、重视"治"而忽略"防"、忽视产前和产中的质量管控等,在此情形下,建议从规划设计、种植计划、环境清洁等方面做好产前预防,从理化诱控、生物防治、生境防控等方面做好产中防治,形成1套较完整的绿色防控体系,加强了人们对于生态农业绿色可持续发展的认识,发挥了园区作为"绿色防控体系"辐射源的作用,促进了绿色生态持续发展的农业大环境的形成。     

天津:15个“国标”蔬菜基地启建

<正>为让市民吃到更加优质安全放心的蔬菜,天津市正式启建15个全国示范性病虫害绿色防控基地,核心示范面积500 hm2(7 500亩),辐射带动周边蔬菜园区5 000 hm2(7.5万亩)。15个温室蔬菜病虫害绿色防控基地分布在宁河、蓟州、静海和津南区,病虫害绿色防控手段包括使用辣根素、黄板、熊蜂、     

河南大棚西瓜环保节源栽培技术

绿色有机农产品符合现代都市人群的消费标准,但不科学的栽培技术影响了都市农业的发展。本文重点讲述绿色大棚西瓜的水肥一体化、膜下滴灌暗灌、水动注肥泵精准施肥灌溉系统等节源栽培技术以及农业措施、物理防治、生态防治、生物防治等全程病虫草害绿色防控技术,以期为绿色大棚西瓜高标准生产提供参考。     

黄土高原地区苹果园病虫害绿色防控技术研究进展

运用绿色防控技术生产绿色果品已成为目前果园生产趋势,本文从农业措施、生物措施、物理措施及化学措施4个方面总结了当前我国黄土高原地区病虫害绿色防控技术研究进展,为我国果园绿色防控技术的发展及绿色果品生产提供理论基础。     

增强农业措施利用效果防控蔬菜病虫草害

正病虫草害对于农业生产危害较大,防控不及时或采取措施方法不当等都会对农产品生产造成不同程度的危害,影响产品质量和品质,以及经济效益。必须根据不同时期发生的危害采取切实可行的防控措施,防止和减少农业经济损失,我国农业发展正想无公害、绿色食品、有机农业方向转变,必须倡导无公害绿色有机化生产。即使现在有些条件达不到最高水准,也要按照最高的要求去努力宣传推广,逐步实现或局部实现这个远景目标。因此要     

绿色植保新技术及其推广

正根据我国农业生产的现代化要求,绿色生产和公共植保的观念深入人心,如今,我国的农业正在不断向着绿色生产,安全生产,保证农产品安全的角度发展和改善,并且要转变对害虫的处理方式,采取绿色的农作物病虫防控措施。衡水市进行了对农业绿色植物技术的推广。1实行绿色植保技术符合现代化的要求自从2009年衡水科技工程学校开始送教下乡,学员是     

山东省食用菌栽培模式从传统向现代转型的探讨

传统栽培迄今仍是食用菌生产大省山东的主要栽培模式,其生产分散,管理粗放,只能季节性生产,导致产业整体效益不高。立足于山东食用菌传统栽培为主的现状,从品种结构、原料选择、栽培模式创新以及园区化建设、专业化分工等方面积极探讨实现传统栽培上档升级,向现代模式转变的具体途径。     

山东保护地茄子病虫害绿色防控

为了探寻保护地茄子病虫绿色防控技术,通过综合利用农业防控措施、生态调控措施、物理防控技术、生物防控技术和化学防控技术,总结了保护地茄子病虫绿色防控关键技术,可以安全有效地预防和控制保护地茄子各类病虫害发生,减少化学农药的使用,实现了保护地茄子绿色安全生产。     

青岛地区苹果实施绿色防控技术的效果研究

对青岛苹果病虫害探索以"清园控害、合理修剪、理化诱控与监测、天敌保护利用技术、病原生物防控和精准施药技术"为核心的苹果病虫害绿色防控技术体系的应用效果。结果表明,病虫害防控效果达70%以上,蛀果率1%以下,有效解决了苹果病虫危害严重、化学防控不理想的问题,为苹果绿色生产提供了方案。     

果树病虫害绿色防控技术的推广与思考

正近年来,运城市大力发展现代果业,并开展病虫害绿色防控技术示范与推广,实现农药减量增产。果树病虫害绿色防控,是指以确保果树生产、果品质量和果园农业生态环境安全为目标,以减少化学农药使用量为目的,优先采取生态控制、生物防治、物理防治、科学用药等术措施来控制病虫害的行为。实施果     

Effect of salinity and water table on growth and tolerance of plum and peach

The effects of combinations of salinity (no salt, 2000 p.p.m. or 4000 p.p.m. of CaCl₂ and NaCl, 1:1) and water table (30 cm, 60 cm or 90 cm from the soil surface), on the vegetative growth and tolerance of ‘Golden Japanese’ plum and ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches were studied. The plants were grown in lysimeters. The growth of the trunk, total shoot length, the increase in shoot length per cm and the fresh weight of top, root and total plant were reduced with increasing salinity of the irrigation water. The effect was accentuated when the plants were maintained at high water table level. The salinity treatments resulted in the death of 43%, 73% and 76% of the plants in the plum, and the ‘Mit Ghamre’ and ‘Balady’ peaches, respectively, indicating that the plum is more tolerant to salinity than the peach. The plants of the salinity treatments showed various symptoms of salt injury, such as leaf burn, defoliation, shoot die-back and finally death. In the peaches, salt injury started to occur in the first growing-season, whereas the salt injury appeared in the plum in the second growing-season. The symptoms were more pronounced in the 4000 p.p.m. treatment than in the 2000 p.p.m. treatment and were more pronounced at the high water table level. The salinity level was the predominant factor and the effect of the water table on the vegetative growth diminished with increase in the salinity level of the irrigation water.     

洞庭1号无籽西瓜套种棉花高产高效模式的研究与应用

根据西瓜、棉花两者生长发育特点进行套种试验,研究其高产高效栽培模式。试验示范结果表明,以西瓜行株距4.5m×0.65m,棉花行株距1.5m×0.45m的种植密度,西瓜与棉花之间互颉作用最小,西瓜和棉花的产量和产值在3个套种模式中位居第1,在5个处理中经济效益最高。     

Primary culture and identification of mouse PASMCs and effects of hypoxia on proliferation and apoptosis of PASMCs

AIM：To establish a fast, accurate and economical technique for culturing mouse pulmonary arteriolar smooth muscle cells (PASMCs), and to explore the effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs. METHODS：In sterile condition, the pulmonary artery was isolated from the male BALB/c mice by digesting with collagenase I, and the cells were cultured in fetal bovine serum-coated flask. Centrifugal procedure was not used during the cell passage. The cell morphology was observed under an inverted phase-contrast microscope. α-Smooth muscle actin was identified by immunocytochemistry and immunofluorescence. The effects of hypoxia on the proliferation and apoptosis of the PASMCs were detected by CCK-8 assay and TUNEL assay. RESULTS：PASMCs were identified by the methods of immunocytochemistry, immunofluorescence staining and observation of morphology. Unlike the rat PASMCs with typical subcultured peak-vally pattern, the mouse PASMCs showed a lot different without a peak-vally pattern. The cells could be subcultured after 5 d to 7 d and there was 3 to 5 generations depending on the activity of the cells. CCK-8 assay demonstrated that the A values of PASMCs exposed to hypoxia increased after 24 h (P＜0.05) as compared with normoxia. TUNEL result showed that the apoptotic index of the PASMCs in hypoxia decreased after 24 h (P<0.05). CONCLUSION：This technique for obtaining cultured mouse PASMCs is simple, fast, accurate and economical. The digestion time is easy to control. Hypoxia promotes the proliferation and inhibits the apoptosis of PASMCs.     

小檗碱和壳聚糖抗蔬菜病原真菌活性测定及复合膜制备

研究了小檗碱和壳聚糖对几种常见蔬菜病原真菌的抑制活性,以及以小檗碱和壳聚糖为主料制备复合膜的方法,并测定了该膜的药物释放效果。试验表明:低浓度(0.234 mg/mL)小檗碱即可抑制辣椒炭疽病菌(Vermicularia capsici)等5种蔬菜病原真菌的生长。20 mg/mL浓度壳聚糖对番茄灰霉病菌(Botrytis cinerea)的抑制率高达65%,而对其余4种果蔬病原真菌也有一定的抑制作用。为了集成这2种天然化合物的优点,制备了小檗碱-壳聚糖复合膜,该膜具有缓释功能,在模拟外部环境(磷酸缓冲液,pH 6.8)条件下,20 d小檗碱累计释放率接近25%,提示其在果蔬贮藏抗菌中的应用价值。     

钾肥在小白菜和萝卜上的施用效果

采用盆栽试验方法研究了施用钾肥对小白菜、萝卜生长发育、产量、品质及钾素含量的影响。结果表明 ,施用钾肥对小白菜和水萝卜的株高、叶片数无显著的影响 ,但可提高水萝卜块根的产量 ,提高幅度为 31.0 4 %～ 97.93%。施用钾肥可提高小白菜和萝卜的蛋白质和VC含量 ,降低硝酸盐含量 ,增加植株的钾素含量     

西瓜与粮油菜套种栽培试验

近年来,我省西瓜发展速度较快,到2004年全省西瓜栽培面积已达3万hm^2.由于我省耕地面积有限,大幅度扩大西瓜单种面积,不仅造成我省西瓜与粮油菜争地的矛盾,而且土地也未能得到充分有效的利用.为了解决这一生产中存在的实际问题,我们从2002年开始,进行了西瓜与粮油菜套种的栽培试验.历经4年的试验、示范,取得了显著的经济效益和社会效益.现将试验结果报告如下.     

遮阴及地膜覆盖对黄皮果实表面温湿度变化及果实品质的影响

以金鸡心黄皮为试材,研究了遮阴及地膜覆盖处理对黄皮果实品质与果实表面温湿度变化的影响。结果表明：阴雨天气下,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖处理的果实表面日平均湿度低;晴天天气下,地膜覆盖处理及对照果实表面的日平均温度高,昼夜温差大,阴雨及晴天天气下温度变化、湿度变化趋势基本一致;地膜覆盖提高了果实品质,遮阴及遮阴＋地膜覆盖降低了果实好果率。     

世界及中国鳄梨产销概况与展望

依据联合国粮食及农业组织(FAO)数据库、联合国商品贸易统计数据库(UN Comtrade)中的数据,围绕鳄梨种植面积、产量、迚出口市场、主产国生产情况、主要迚出口国贸易情况等斱面,对世界及中国鳄梨的生产与贸易迚行回顾、分析与展望,幵在此基础上,对中国鳄梨产业的发展提出建议。     

Storability of onion seeds and effects of packaging and storage conditions on viability and vigour

Fresh onion seeds desiccated to 6.0% seed moisture content (SMC) were stored in various packaging materials under different storage conditions. Seeds packed in aluminum-laminated pouches beside those stored with silica gel at 25 °C maintained satisfactory germinability and vigour after 12 months. Desiccated seeds stored in moisture impervious containers produced more vigourous seedlings. Germination potential of onion seeds increased with reduced SMC besides storage in moisture impervious packets along with desiccants as physiological and biochemical attributes are regulated. Seed viability and vigour decreased with accelerated ageing due to increased lipid peroxidation, decreased activities of several free radical and peroxide scavenging enzymes. Electrical conductance of seed leachates also increased with ageing. Thus, adoption of appropriate storage temperature and moisture control techniques would significantly affect onion seed quality, which was due to minimum accumulation of free peroxide radicals and enhanced activity of free radical scavenging enzymes.     

石榴的栽培和病虫害防治

一、栽培技术 1、繁殖和栽植石榴枝条极易生根，可用扦插、压条和分株多种方法繁殖苗木，生产上多用扦插法。插条以充实饱满的二年生枝最好，插条长约20cm，下端剪成马耳形，并将其上小枝剪除。发育健壮的一年生枝也可用作插条，老龄枝条插后成活率低，不宜应用。