复配改良剂表施对高降雨量地区茶园底层强酸性土壤酸度的调控（英文）

Strongly acidic soils(pH 5.0) are detrimental to tea(Camellia sinensis) production and quality.Little information exists on the ability of surface amendments to ameliorate subsoil acidity in the tea garden soils.A 120-d glasshouse column leaching experiment was conducted using commonly available soil ameliorants.Alkaline slag(AS) and organic residues,pig manure(PM) and rapeseed cake(RC) differing in ash alkalinity and C/N ratio were incorporated alone and in combination into the surface(0—15 cm) of soil columns(10 cm internal diameter × 50 cm long) packed with soil from the acidic soil layer(15-30 cm) of an Ultisol(initial pH =4.4).During the 120-d experiment,the soil columns were watered(about 127 mm over 9 applications) according to the long-term mean annual rainfall(1143 mm) and the leachates were collected and analyzed.At the end of the experiment,soil columns were partitioned into various depths and the chemical properties of soil were measured.The PM with a higher C/N ratio increased subsoil pH,whereas the RC with a lower C/N ratio decreased subsoil pH.However,combined amendments had a greater ability to reduce subsoil acidity than either of the amendments alone.The increases in pH of the subsoil were mainly ascribed to decreased base cation concentrations and the decomposition of organic anions present in dissolved organic carbon(DOC) and immobilization of nitrate that had been leached down from the amended layer.A significant(P 0.05) correlation between alkalinity production(reduced exchangeable acidity — N-cycle alkalinity) and alkalinity balance(net alkalinity production — N-cycle alkalinity) was observed at the end of the experiment.Additionally,combined amendments significantly increased(P 0.05) subsoil cation concentrations and decreased subsoil Al saturation(P 0.05).Combined applications of AS with organic amendments to surface soils are effective in reducing subsoil acidity in high-rainfall areas.Further investigations under field conditions and over longer timeframes are needed to fully understand their practical effectiveness in ameliorating acidity of deeper soil layers under naturally occurring leaching regimes.     

Dynamic Relationship Between Biologically Active Soil Organic Carbon and Aggregate Stability in Long-Term Organically Fertilized Soils

Biologically active soil organic carbon (BASOC) is an important fraction of soil organic carbon (SOC), but our understanding of the correlation between BASOC and soil aggregate stability is limited. At an ecological experimental station (28°04 -28°37 N, 116° 41 -117° 09 E) in Yujiang County, Jiangxi Province, China, we analyzed the dynamic relationship between soil aggregate stability and BASOC content over time in the red soil (Udic Ferrosols) fertilized with a nitrogen-phosphorus-potassium chemical fertilizer (NPK) without manure or with NPK plus livestock manure or green manure. The dynamics of BASOC was evaluated using CO2 effux, and soil aggregates were separated according to size using a wet-sieving technique. The soils fertilized with NPK plus livestock manure had a significantly higher content of BASOC and an improved aggregate stability compared to the soils fertilized with NPK plus green manure or NPK alone. The BASOC contents in all fertilized soils decreased over time. The contents of large aggregates (800-2000 μm) dramatically decreased over the first 7 d of incubation, but the contents of small aggregates (< 800 μm) either remained the same or increased, depending on the incubation time and specific aggregate sizes. The aggregate stability did not differ significantly at the beginning and end of incubation, but the lowest stability in all fertilized soils occurred in the middle of the incubation, which implied that the soils had a strong resilience for aggregate stability. The change in BASOC content was only correlated with aggregate stability during the first 27 d of incubation.     

中国东南部红壤施用石灰和石膏后底土酸性的减缓

Application of lime or gypsum is a common agricultural practice to ameliorate soils with low pH which prohibits crop production. Its integrated effect on soil properties in a red soil derived from Quaternary red clay in Southeast China is discussed in this paper. Application of gypsum in the topsoil without leaching raised soil pH and promoted the production of soil NH₄, but lime addition had a contrary effect. Generally, application of lime and/or gypsum has little effect on soil electrical properties. Gypsum had a little effect on soil exchange complex and its effect went down to 30 cm in depth. The effect of lime reached only to 5 cm below its application layer. With leaching, Ca transferred from top soil to subsoil and decreased exchangeable Al in subsoil. Gypsum application led to a sharp decrease in soil exchangeable Mg but had no effect on K.     

Combined application of a straw layer and flue gas desulphurization gypsum to reduce soil salinity and alkalinity

Burying a straw layer and applying flue gas desulphurization(FGD)gypsum are effective practices to ameliorate soil salinization or alkalization and to increase crop yield;however,little information exists on the effects of such integration in saline-alkali soils.A soil column experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum on soil salinity and alkalinity.We placed a straw layer(5 cm thick)at a depth of 30 cm and mixed FGD gypsum into the 0–20 cm soil layer at application rates of 7.5,15.0,22.5,and 30.0 t ha^-1,with no straw layer and FGD gypsum as a control(CK).The soil water content in the 0–30 cm soil layer was significantly higher(>7.8%)in the treated soil profiles after infiltration than in the CK,but decreased after evaporation.The electrical conductivity(EC)of the 10–30 cm soil layer was 230.2%and 104.9%higher in the treated soil profiles than in the CK after infiltration and evaporation,respectively,and increased with increasing rates of FGD gypsum application,with Ca^2+and SO4^2-being the main dissolved salts.Compared to those in the CK,the concentrations of Na^+,Cl^-,and HCO3-decreased in the treated soil profiles at depths above 55 cm,but the other soluble ions increased,after infiltration.A similar trend occurred after evaporation for all soluble ions except for HCO3-.The p H and exchangeable sodium percentage in the treated soil profiles were significantly lower than those in the CK over the entire profile,and decreased with increasing FGD gypsum application rates.Therefore,the incorporation of a straw layer plus FGD gypsum can reduce salinity and alkalinity,but the quantity of FGD gypsum should be controlled in saline-alkali soils.     

中国塑料大棚中菜园土盐分含量研究

Field experiments were conducted on three main soils,brown soil,meadow soil and cinnamon soil,of Shandong Province to study the effect of plastic greenhouse gardening on soil salt contents.As compared to the open fields,the soil nutrient contents in the fields under platic greenhouse gardening all incereased significantly,The organic matter,quickly available N and P incereases were extremely significant and the quckly available K increase was also significant.Along with the nutrient incresases the soil salt contents increased clearly in all the soils investigated not only in the top layer but also in the deeper layers being extremely significant in the 0-10 cm lasyer and significant in the 10-40 cm layers .The salt contents in the plastic greenhouses had significant correlations with the soil available nitrogen and phosphorous.Soils with longer plastic greenhouse gardening time tended to have more salt.The platic greenhouse soils contained less CO3^2- and much more NO3^- than the open soils ,which indicated a higher influence of human intervention in plastic greenhouses.Among the constituent ions.Cl^-,NO3^-,Ca^2 and Mg^2 had positive while HCO3^- had negative significant or extremely significant correlations with total salt,with correlation coefficients being 0.66^*,0.80^**,0.92^**,0.80^**and -0.64^*, respectively.Nitrate decreased from the top to deeper layers both in the plastic greenhouses and in the open fields.The ,plastic greenhouse soils contained much more nitrate than the open fields in every layer and even the nitrate contents of the 80-100 cm layer were still several times those of the top layer in the open fields,The main reason for the salt increases was considered to be the inappropriate fertilization and selective absorption of nutrients by plants in the plastic greenhouses.The methods recommended to avoid soil salt increase in the plastic greenhouses were to apply fertilzers rationally according to the soils ,vegetalbes and fertilzer proerties and to adopt a good intercropping or rotation system.     

中国东部合肥城市土壤氮素矿化特点

Nitrogen cycling has been poorly characterized in urban ecosystems. In this study, the in-situ buried bag incubation technique was used to quantify net rates of N mineralization and nitrification in soils of two urban sites, a street greening belt and a university campus, and a suburban site , a forest park, in Hefei, East China. The average concentration of extractable NO3- in the surface soil (0--10 cm) was significantly higher at the urban sites than the suburban park site, whereas extractable NH4+ concentration was significantly higher at the suburban park site than the urban sites. The forest park soil had greater potential N mineralization (148.1 μg N cm-3) than the soils from the campus (138.3 μg N cm-3) and street (99.8 μg N cm-3). It was estimated that the net mineralization rates varied between 1.63 and 2.69 μg N cm-3 d-1 and net nitrification rates between 0.82 and 1.02 μg N cm-3 d-1 at the suburban forest park site, but the rates varied from 1.27 to 2.41 μg N cm-3 d-1 and from 1.07 to 1.49 μg N cm-3 d-1, respectively, at the urban campus site. Both net mineralization and nitrification rates were lower during dry seasons. Results from regression analysis indicated that net N mineralization was significantly and positively correlated with soil moisture and soil C/N ratio, and was negatively correlated with soil pH. Relative nitrification was, however, significantly and negatively correlated with soil moisture and soil C/N ratio, and was positively correlated with soil pH. Mean relative nitrification was 0.763, indicating the dominance of nitrate cycling relative to ammonium cycling at the urban sites. The urban soils had the great potential for N losses compared to the suburban soils.     

红壤交换性钙、镁和钾的分布及施肥对其影响

A leaching experiment was Carried out with repacked soil columns in laboratory to study the leaching process of a red soil derived from sandstone as affected by various fertilization practices.The treatments were CK(as a control),CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,Ca(H2PO4)2,Urea,KCl,Multiple(a mixture of the above mentioned fertilizers) and KNO3,The fertilizers were added to the bare surface of the soil columns,and then the columns were leached with 120 mL deionized water daily through perstaltic pumps over a period of 92 days,At the end of leaching process,soils were sampled from different depths of the soil profiles ,i.o.,of 92 days,At the end of leaching process,soils were sampled from different depths of the soil profiles,I.e.0-5cm,5-10cm,10-20cm,20-40cm,and 40-60cm,The results showed when applying Ca,Mg,and K to the bare surface of the soil columns,exchangeable Ca^2 ,Mg^2 ,and K^ in the upper layer of the soil profile increased correspondingly,with an extent depending mainly on the application rates of Ca,Mg,and K and showing a downward trend,CaCO3,CaSO4,MgCO3,and Ca(H2PO4)2 treatments had scarcely and effect on movement of exchangeable K^ ,while CaCO3,and CaSO4 treatments singnificantly promoted the downward movement of exchangealble Mg^2 although these two treatments had no obvious effect on leaching losses of Mg,The fact that under Urea treatment,exchangeable Ca^2 and Mg^2 ,were higher as compared to CK treatment showed urea could prevent leaching of exchangeable Ca^2 and Mg^2 ,the obvious downward movement of exchangeable Ca^2 and Mg^2 was noticed in KCl treatment ,In Multiple treatment,the downward movement of exchangeable Ca^2 and Mg^2 was evident,while that of K^ was less evident,Application of KNO3 strongly promoted the downward movement of exchangeable Ca^2 and Mg^2 in the soil profile.     

通过施用碱性矿渣和作物残茬生物炭以促进酸性老成土中盐基饱并降低土壤酸度

This investigation was conducted by using alkaline slag and crop straw biochars to reduce acidity of an acidic Ultisol through incubation and pot experiments with lime as a comparison. The soil was amended with different liming materials： lime（1 g kg^-1）,alkaline slag（2 and 4 g kg^-1）, peanut straw biochar（10 and 20 g kg^-1）, canola straw biochar（10 and 20 g kg^-1） and combinations of alkaline slag（2 g kg^-1） and biochars（10 g kg^-1） in the incubation study. A pot experiment was also conducted to observe the soybean growth responses to the above treatments. The results showed that all the liming materials increased soil p H and decreased soil exchangeable acidity. The higher the rates of alkaline slag, biochars, and alkaline slag combined with biochars, the greater the increase in soil p H and the reduction in soil exchangeable acidity. All the amendments increased the levels of one or more soil exchangeable base cations. The lime treatment increased soil exchangeable Ca^2＋, the alkaline slag treatment increased exchangeable Ca^2＋ and Mg^2＋ levels, and the biochars and combined applications of alkaline slag with biochars increased soil exchangeable Ca^2＋, Mg^2＋ and K^＋ and soil available P. The amendments enhanced the uptake of one or more nutrients of N, P, K, Ca and Mg by soybean in the pot experiment. Of the different amendments, the combined application of alkaline slag with crop straw biochars was the best choice for increasing base saturation and reducing soil acidity of the acidic Ultisol. The combined application of alkaline slag with biochars led to the greatest reduction in soil acidity, increased soil Ca, Mg, K and P levels, and enhanced the uptake of Ca, Mg, K and P by soybean plants.     

中性盐和pH对红壤、砖红壤胶体交换性酸的影响

In the present work, the exchangeable acidity of a red soil colloid and a latosol colloid at different pH during reacting with four neutral salts was measured. The results show that the exchangeable acidity increased with increasing amounts of the neutral salts added, and the relation between them was almost linear. When the amount of the neutral salt added was lower than a certain value, the slope of the line was high, and the slope turned low when the amount exceeded that value, so there was a turning point in each line. The addition amounts of the neutral salts for the turning points were affected by the cation species of the neutral salts, but pH had less effect on them. After the turning points occurred, the exchangeable acidity of the red soil colloid still gradually increased with the addition amounts of the neutral salts, but that of the latosol colloid did not increase any more. The exchangeable acidity in NaClO₄, KClO₄ and NaCl solutions increased at first, and then decreased with increasing pH, that is to say, peak values appeared. The peak positions of the exchangeable acidity in relation to pH changed with neutral salt solutions and were affected by the surface characteristics of the soil colloids, but not affected by the amounts of the neutral salts added. The exchangeable acidity in the Ba(NO₃)₂ solution increased continuously with increasing pH. The exchangeable acidity of the red soil colloid was obviously larger than that of the latosol colloid.     

Evaluation of Soil Labile Phosphorus Using a Double—Labeling （^32P and ^33P） Technique

Isotopic exchangeability of phosphorus in four Chinese soils with and without P application was studied by ^32P and ^33P double-labeling technique in relation to routine chemical extractions.The results showed that Bray-I and Bray-Ⅱ reagents could extract most of the fast exchangeable P.Not all of the Olsen-P belonged to fast exchangeable P,but it was about the same quantity of fast exchangeable P in a calcareous soil and a neutral soil without P application.Sequential fractionation of the soil phosphorus showed that most of the added radioisotopes in high P fixation red soils were tightly held by iron and aluminium oxides,which could be totally extracted only by 0.1M NaOH solution.In the neutral and calcareous soils most of the radioisotopes added were loosely held on the surface of soil particles and could be extracted by anion exchange resin.Phosphate application increased the resin-P fraction significantly for all the soils studied.     

罗浮山土壤发生特性与系统分类研究

为了解我国南亚热带山地土壤的发生特性及其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属,以罗浮山不同海拔高度的10个代表性剖面为研究对象,分析土壤发生特性,确定诊断层和诊断特性,对土壤进行系统分类,并在高级分类单元级别上进行了中国土壤系统分类、美国土壤系统分类和世界土壤资源参比基础之间的参比研究。研究表明:土壤干态色调主要为10YR,质地属壤土大类,粉黏比为0.42 ~ 2.62,多数剖面土壤粉黏比小于1.0;土壤酸性强（水浸提pH 3.69 ~ 4.94）,CEC为4.43 ~ 25.68 cmol (+) kg?1,盐基饱和度（2.27% ~ 16.25%）低,交换性酸（1.35 ~ 6.41 cmol (+) kg?1）以交换性Al3+为主,多数土层铝饱和度超过了80%;土壤矿质元素以Si、Al、Fe为主,黏粒硅铝率（Sa）、黏粒硅铁铝率（Saf）均小于2.0,各剖面B层Al、Fe、P、Ti在黏粒中富集明显,Fe富集率稍大于Al;在土壤垂直带谱上,湿润富铁土一般分布于800 m以下,常湿富铁土介于800 ~ 1200 m,常湿雏形土在1200 m以上。罗浮山土壤具有明显的脱硅富铁铝化特性,具有有机碳累积明显、酸性强、盐基饱和度低、铝饱和度高等特点;归属为2个土纲、3个亚纲、4个土类和6个亚类。     

耕地土壤交换性钙镁比值的研究

对沈阳市郊区1994个耕地表土(0～20cm)样点和4个典型剖面中交换性Ca/Mg的比值进行了对比研究。结果表明:不同土属耕层土壤中Ca、Mg交换量有较大差别,交换性Ca/Mg的比值主要受母质等成土因素的影响;棕壤的各个土属的Ca/Mg在4左右,石灰性草甸土和草甸沼泽土的Ca/Mg则在8以上。棕壤和草甸土典型剖面不同层次中的Ca/Mg比值有着随深度加深而降低的趋势;由于Ca的植物返还率较Mg高,同一土壤类型中Ca/Mg比值的最大值出现在表土层,母质层中的Ca/Mg则相对稳定。对土壤Ca/Mg进行研究可以丰富土壤离子交换性能研究和土壤发生学特性研究的内容。     

Relationship between acidity and microbiological properties in some tea soils

The present study was conducted to investigate the effects of different forms of soil acidities on microbial biomass C, ergosterol content, microbial metabolic quotient, microbial respiration quotient, and fluorescein diacetate-hydrolyzing activity of some tea-growing soils of India. Total potential and exchangeable acidity and extractable and exchangeable aluminum were higher in Tripura followed by Jalpaiguri and Kharagpur soil. Different forms of acidity were significantly and positively correlated with each other. All the microbiological properties investigated were significantly and positively correlated with soil organic C content. The ratio of organic C with microbial parameters was significantly and negatively correlated with different forms of acidity. Principal component analysis indicated that the microbial activities were not directly affected by the extractable aluminum and total potential acidity. Although the tea soils had higher microbial biomass and activities because of higher organic matter content than other soils, the ratios of microbial parameters/organic carbon indicated that inhibition of microbial growth and activities had occurred because of acidity stress.     

复配改良剂表施对高降雨量地区茶园底层强酸性土壤酸度的调控

Strongly acidic soils (pH < 5.0) are detrimental to tea (Camellia sinensis) production and quality. Little information exists on the ability of surface amendments to ameliorate subsoil acidity in the tea garden soils. A 120-d glasshouse column leaching experiment was conducted using commonly available soil ameliorants. Alkaline slag (AS) and organic residues, pig manure (PM) and rapeseed cake (RC) differing in ash alkalinity and C/N ratio were incorporated alone and in combination into the surface (0--15 cm) of soil columns (10 cm internal diameter × 50 cm long) packed with soil from the acidic soil layer (15--30 cm) of an Ultisol (initial pH = 4.4). During the 120-d experiment, the soil columns were watered (about 127 mm over 9 applications) according to the long-term mean annual rainfall (1 143 mm) and the leachates were collected and analyzed. At the end of the experiment, soil columns were partitioned into various depths and the chemical properties of soil were measured. The PM with a higher C/N ratio increased subsoil pH, whereas the RC with a lower C/N ratio decreased subsoil pH. However, combined amendments had a greater ability to reduce subsoil acidity than either of the amendments alone. The increases in pH of the subsoil were mainly ascribed to decreased base cation concentrations and the decomposition of organic anions present in dissolved organic carbon (DOC) and immobilization of nitrate that had been leached down from the amended layer. A significant (P < 0.05) correlation between alkalinity production (reduced exchangeable acidity -- N-cycle alkalinity) and alkalinity balance (net alkalinity production -- N-cycle alkalinity) was observed at the end of the experiment. Additionally, combined amendments significantly increased (P < 0.05) subsoil cation concentrations and decreased subsoil Al saturation (P < 0.05). Combined applications of AS with organic amendments to surface soils are effective in reducing subsoil acidity in high-rainfall areas. Further investigations under field conditions and over longer timeframes are needed to fully understand their practical effectiveness in ameliorating acidity of deeper soil layers under naturally occurring leaching regimes.     

湘东第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤在中国土壤 系统分类中的归属

选取湖南省东部地区12个由第四纪红色黏土发育的典型土壤剖面,在对其成土环境、剖面形态特征及其理化性质进行研究的基础上,按照中国土壤系统分类方案,检索出了其诊断层和诊断特性,据此确定了其在中国土壤系统分类中的归属。结果表明,供试土壤剖面包含了淡薄表层、暗瘠表层、低活性富铁层、黏化层、聚铁网纹层等10个诊断层和诊断特性,其在中国系统分类体系中的位置分别为:淋溶土、富铁土和雏形土3个土纲;湿润淋溶土、湿润富铁土和湿润雏形土3个亚纲;简育湿润富铁土、铝质湿润淋溶土和铝质湿润雏形土3个土类;暗红简育湿润富铁土、表蚀简育湿润富铁土、网纹简育湿润富铁土等6个亚类;按照土族和土系划分标准,建立了黏质高岭石型酸性热性-普通铝质湿润淋溶土等9个土族和燕塘系(43-LY01)等12个土系。研究发现:受亚热带气候影响,许多土壤剖面发生了富铁铝化过程,且由于淋溶强烈,形成了聚铁网纹层,而现行的《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》还不能给出一个合适的位置,因此建议在铝质湿润淋溶土亚类中增设一个可以反映相关特性的网纹铝质湿润淋溶土亚类。     

稻作对酸性硫酸盐土酸分布及迁移的影响

【目的】酸性硫酸盐土(ASS)酸含量极高,Fe、 Al、 Mn、 As等有毒金属移动性强。许多开发利用方式不仅影响其成土母质黄铁矿的氧化程度并可能带来生态风险,稻作利用被认为是生态风险较低的方式。本研究开展水田和荒地两种利用条件下ASS中酸含量调查研究,探讨稻作利用方式对ASS酸含量的影响。【方法】于2013年8月,在广东省台山市发育于珠江三角洲滨海ASS的水稻田和严重酸化的长期撂荒地采集土壤样品,从土表向下0—300 cm范围内采用宽45 mm的土钻每20 cm采集1个样品,每个剖面共采集15个样品。比较两种利用方式下ASS各土层土壤pH值、 水溶性酸、 交换性酸、 吸持性酸含量,探讨稻作利用方式对ASS酸分布及运移的影响。【结果】珠江三角洲平原ASS的酸含量极高,在0—80 cm深度范围内,总存在酸含量随着土层深度加深而提高,土层深度每下降20 cm,总存在酸含量就平均提高61.62%; 80 cm以下土层总存在酸含量随着土层深度下降逐渐降低,其中80—180 cm深度范围内的降幅较大,土层深度每下降20 cm,总存在酸含量就平均降低61.62%; 当土层深度下降至220 cm时,pH值上升到6.0,酸含量非常低。稻作利用方式显著影响ASS的酸含量及其在土壤剖面的迁移情况。与荒地比较,稻田0—80 cm土层的总存在酸含量显著降低,其中水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸含量平均降幅分别为77.01%、 36.75%、 27.74%,水溶性酸和交换性酸的差异达到显著水平,吸持性酸仅在0—20 cm 和60—80 cm土层的差异达到显著水平; 100—120 cm深度范围内稻田的总存在酸含量显著高于荒地,其中水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸含量的增幅分别为128.19%、 54.87%、 154.96%,120—240 cm土层中,稻田的交换性酸和吸持性酸含量稍高于荒地,但差异不显著; 240—300 cm土层中,稻田的酸含量与荒地基本相同。总体上,稻作方式改变了ASS中酸在土壤剖面的分布,其中0—80 cm土层中酸含量显著降低,而100—120 cm土层的酸含量显著提高,并以吸持性酸为主要形式固定累积下来。稻田在0—80 cm深度范围内的水溶性硫含量显著低于荒地; 而稻田100—120 cm土层的水溶性硫含量则显著高于荒地,其他土层的差异不显著。水溶性硫与水溶性酸、 交换性酸和吸持性酸均显著正相关,表明稻作利用方式可能通过影响硫酸盐矿物的转化过程而改变ASS的酸分布及迁移。【结论】稻作利用方式显著降低上层土壤酸含量,并加强了酸淋洗下移作用,使100—120 cm土层中的酸含量大幅提高,并以黄钾铁矾等羟基硫酸盐次生矿物暂时吸持固定下来。因此,稻作利用方式有效降低ASS酸含量水平,降低ASS对实地作物的危害作用,但因其强淋溶作用可能加大了对地下水体污染的风险。     

南方茶园土壤酸化特征及交换性酸在水稳性团聚体中的分布

通过采集浙江省杭州西湖龙井茶园土壤,研究茶园土壤剖面的酸度特征、养分变化以及交换性酸在水稳性团聚体中的分布特征,以了解南方茶园土壤的酸化过程。结果表明:茶园表层土壤(0-20cm)酸化严重,最低的pHH2O值达到4.0,并且有明显的深层化趋势;表土的有机质和速效磷含量较高,速效磷含量最高可达138.2mg/kg;表土团聚体分级表明茶园土壤有良好的团聚体结构,具有良好的水稳性;除了交换性H+在0.5～0.25mm和0.25～0.106mm水稳性团聚体之间没有明显差别外,交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性Al 3+含量均随着水稳性团聚体粒径的减小而降低;水稳性大团聚体中交换性Al 3+相对交换性H+占有明显的优势,而在0.106～0.05mm水稳性微团聚体中交换性H+占有明显的优势。交换性酸总量、交换性H+和交换性铝主要分布于>2mm和2～0.5mm水稳性团聚体中,同时在不同粒级团聚体中的分布随粒径的减小而降低。     

鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林土壤酸度对土壤养分的影响

通过在鼎湖山季风常绿阔叶林的研究发现 :( 1 )季风常绿阔叶林土壤整个剖面 ( 0～ 60cm)pH值都较低 ,小于 4 5。 ( 2 )土壤养分含量随着土壤剖面层次 ( 0～ 2 0cm、2 0～ 40cm、40～ 60cm)的降低而下降。养分除水解性N外 ,有效P、速效K以及交换性Ca、Mg含量都很少。 ( 3 ) 0～ 2 0cm土壤养分比其它层的土壤养分更容易受到土壤酸度的影响。 40～ 60cm土壤养分除了交换性Ca外 ,其它养分的含量与土壤酸度无显著关系。就不同月份来说 ,1月份和 4月份土壤养分比 7月份和 1 0月份土壤养分容易受到土壤pH值的影响。不同养分比较 ,交换性Ca和Mg以及有效P含量比其它养分更容易受到土壤酸度的影响。     

井冈山土壤发生特性与系统分类研究

为推广应用中国土壤系统分类,了解井冈山土壤在中国土壤系统分类中的位置,对位于湘赣边境的井冈山的山地土壤进行系统分类研究。调查采集的典型土壤剖面理化性质的测定结果表明;井冈山土壤的主要发生特性随海拔高度呈规律性的变化,依照《中国土壤系统分类检索(第三版)》,该区土壤垂直带谱结构为:湿润富铁土(<500 m),湿润淋溶土(500-1 000 m),常湿淋溶土(1 000-1 500 m),正常新成土(1 500 -1 900 m)。     

Trees on farms and their contribution to soil fertility parameters in Badessa, eastern Ethiopia

Surface (0–15 cm) and subsurface (30–45 cm) soil samples from under canopy, edge of canopy and away from canopy of isolated Cordia africana Lam. and Croton macrostachyus Del. trees and their leaves were examined to investigate leaf nutrient content, root biomass and the contribution of trees on farms to soil fertility parameters in Badessa area, eastern Ethiopia. Leaves of C. macrostachyus had 20% higher P and 25% lower K contents than those of C. africana. The studied species had comparable leaf N content. Both species produced shallow lateral roots that extended beyond the canopy zone. Typically, higher fine root biomass was observed in the surface soils than the subsurface soils. Both species did not affect soil organic C, pH and cation exchange capacity. Surface and subsurface soils under tree canopies had 22–26 and 12–17% higher N, respectively, than the corresponding soils away from tree canopies. Surface soil available P under tree canopies was 34–50% higher than the corresponding soil away from canopies. Available P content of subsurface soil was improved only under C. africana canopy. The available P of surface soil under C. macrostachyus canopy was more than double that for C. africana. Trees of both species increased underneath surface and subsurface exchangeable K by 18–46% compared with the corresponding controls. In conclusion, C. macrostachyus and C. africana trees on farms keep soil nutrient high via protection against leaching, translocation of nutrients from deeper to the surface layer and accumulation of litter, which create a temporary nutrient pool in the surface soils under their canopies.