抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪生长性能的调控

通过腹腔注射抗猪皮下脂肪细胞全膜蛋白抗体研究其对猪生长性能的调控效果。结果显示,在15kg时分别注射10、20、30ml和60kg时注射20ml抗体,注射后3周内猪的采食量降低(P>0.05),5周后采食量恢复正常;同一时间注射不同剂量抗体和不同时间注射相同剂量抗体对猪的日增重无显著影响(P>0.05),但料重比明显降低(P<0.05);对血液GH和IGF-I的含量无显著影响(P>0.05),但可明显提高T3的含量。表明抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可提高猪的生长性能,使饲料转化效率提高。     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪胴体组成的调控

选择健康、胎次相近、体重为15kg的6周龄云南长撒二元杂交仔猪20头,公母各半,随机分为4组,每组5头.Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,于试验开始第一天各组每头猪分别腹腔内免疫抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体10mL、20mL和30mL抗体;、Ⅳ为对照组,注射20mL非免疫血清.研究结果表明:抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可明显改善猪胴体组成.仔猪阶段(15kg)腹膜内免疫20mL、30mL抗体对猪胴体组成的改善效果最明显,脂肪率分别降低22.97%和22.25%(P＜0.01);背膘厚分别减少18.85%和17.91%(P＜0.05);板油重和花油重分别减少13.36%、13.70%和11.69%、11.03%(P＜0.05);瘦肉率分别提高7.76%和7.62%(P＜0.05);眼肌面积分别增加28.03%和24.21%(P＜0.01).     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪胴体组成的调控

选择健康、胎次相近、体重为15kg的6周龄云南长撒二元杂交仔猪20头,公母各半,随机分为4组,每组5头。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,于试验开始第一天各组每头猪分别腹腔内免疫抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体10mL、20mL和30mL抗体;、Ⅳ为对照组,注射20mL非免疫血清。研究结果表明:抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可明显改善猪胴体组成。仔猪阶段(15kg)腹膜内免疫20mL、30mL抗体对猪胴体组成的改善效果最明显,脂肪率分别降低22.97%和22.25%(P<0.01);背膘厚分别减少18.85%和17.91%(P<0.05);板油重和花油重分别减少13.36%、13.70%和11.69%、11.03%(P<0.05);瘦肉率分别提高7.76%和7.62% (P<0.05);眼肌面积分别增加28.03%和24.21%(P<0.01)。     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪内脏器官及红细胞比容的影响

为了研究抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪内脏器官重量及红细胞比容的影响,试验首先制备了兔抗猪脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体,然后进行动物饲养试验。选择健康、胎次相近、体重为13￣15kg的6周龄云南长撒二元杂交仔猪20头,公母各半,随机分为4组,每组5头。Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,腹腔内分别注射抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体10、20和30ml;Ⅳ为对照组,注射20ml非免疫血清。研究结果表明:抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体免疫对心脏和肾脏重量有一定影响,而且随剂量的增加而增大;对红细胞比容有一定的影响,但一般2周后恢复正常。     

抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪胴体品质调控的研究进展

动物体脂肪的过度沉积不仅降低畜产品质量,而且还威胁人类健康,已成为动物生产领域亟待解决的问题。为了降低生产成本并满足消费者对低脂肪的要求,人们一直在寻找降低肉品脂肪含量的方法。传统的方法是通过培育瘦肉型动物品种,添加化学药物和使用激素类药物等来达到降低动物脂肪的目的,但效果均不理想,且出现肉品质下降,药物残留及饲料安全等问题。于是,科学家开始寻求一种新的、可行的、更有效的办法来降低动物脂肪,而脂肪细胞膜免疫技术便是其中之一。目前,非激素手段——脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体免疫技术已取得了许多令人鼓舞的成果,而且有希望应用于动物生产,为解决动物体脂肪的过度沉积带来新的希望。     

卵黄抗体在猪病防治中的应用

卵黄抗体又称卵黄免疫球蛋白,在禽类机体受到外来抗原的刺激之后,可在其生产的蛋黄中提取出相应的特异性抗体,并用于相应疾病的治疗,这种抗体就是卵黄抗体。卵黄抗体的优势明显,具有制作简单和成本低的特点,尤其是安全可靠,在治疗和预防某些畜禽类的疾病方面发挥了很好的效果,受到许多养殖场户的青睐。本文从卵黄抗体的优点入手,分析了卵黄抗体的主要用途和在防治疾病方面的作用,重点论述了卵黄抗体在治疗某些猪病方面的应用,供参考。     

卵黄抗体在猪病防治中的应用

卵黄抗体是指禽类机体受到外来抗原的刺激,致使其分化成为浆细胞,在血液中分泌出相应的特异性抗体,特异性抗体流经卵巢后,会逐渐积聚在卵细胞中,形成卵黄抗体.卵黄抗体具有制作简单、化学性质稳定、造价成本低等特点,所以被经常用于动物疫病的诊断治疗.本文主要介绍了卵黄抗体的优点及在贵州省思南县地区防治猪病的应用状况,供参考.     

卵黄抗体在猪生产中的应用

卵黄抗体(IgY)是蛋鸡受特定抗原刺激后体内产生的特异性并被转移和贮存在卵黄中的免疫球蛋白。用鸡卵黄大量生产和制备多克隆抗体是近年来抗体制备技术中新兴的研究领域。介绍了IgY的结构和进入卵黄的机制,综述了免疫鸡卵黄抗体在猪生产中的应用及其制备技术的研究进展。     

猪传染性胃肠炎病毒卵黄抗体的研制

针对猪传染性胃肠炎病尚无有效的治疗药物,本文研究开发抗猪传染性胃肠炎病毒卵黄抗体,以期为该病的防治提供技术支持.用猪传染性胃肠炎灭活疫苗按程序免疫90～140日龄健康商品海兰褐蛋鸡,三免14天后收集高免蛋进行卵黄抗体提取、ELISA抗体效价检测及攻毒保护试验.高免蛋三免后14天效价可达到1:256,并维持3个月,三免后...     

不同剂量的抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体对猪肉品质的调控

试验选择健康、胎次相近、体重13-15kg的6周龄云南长撒（长白×撒坝）二元杂种仔猪20头（公母各半），随机分为4组，每组5头。试验Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组于试验开始第1天分别腹腔注射抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体10、20和30mL，对照组腹腔注射20mL非免疫血清。当体重达90kg时试验结束。结果表明，抗脂肪细胞膜蛋白抗体可明显改善猪肉品质，降低失水率、贮藏损失和肌纤维直径，提高猪肉的嫩度、熟肉率、鲜味氨基酸和必需氨基酸的含量。     

Effect of chicken egg yolk antibody against adipose tissue plasma membranes on carcass composition and lipogenic hormones and enzymes in pigs

Chicken egg yolk antibody against pig adipose tissue plasma membranes (AIgY) was raised and used in the present experiment to evaluate the effect of dietary AIgY supplementation on pig growth and carcass composition. 160 crossbred (Duroc–Jersey × Landrace·Meishan) pigs, with initial live body weight of 27.5 ± 2.4 kg, were treated with AIgY or non-immunized control egg yolk powder (NIgY) at the inclusion level of 75 mg/kg diet. Following a 104-day trial, the pigs were slaughtered for analyzing the carcass and meat quality traits. The perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat depots were weighed and the diameter of adipocytes from different fat depots was measured with histological methods. Serum concentrations of insulin and leptin as well as the activities of malic enzyme (ME) and lipoprotein lipase (LPL) in adipose tissue were measured. Dietary supplementation of AIgY enhanced average daily gain and feed efficiency by 13.03% (P < 0.01) and 7.49%, respectively, with no influence on feed consumption. AIgY increased the lean mass by 10.3% (P < 0.01) without affecting the dressing percentage. Backfat thickness at 6th–7th rib and the weights of perirenal, mesenteric and subcutaneous fat depots were reduced by 24.14% (P < 0.01), 27.27% (P < 0.05), 20.42% (P < 0.01) and 29.21% (P < 0.01), respectively. Dietary supplementation of AIgY reduced the size of adipocytes in all the three fat pads (P < 0.05). The meat color was improved whereas the marbling score, the intramuscular fat content, and pH₄₅ of the longissimus muscle remained unaffected. Serum concentration of non-esterified fatty acids (NEFA) was significantly increased (P < 0.01) while urea-N content was reduced (P < 0.05). No alterations were detected for the serum levels of triacylglycerides (TG) and glucose. Serum concentrations of insulin and leptin were decreased by 26.19% (P < 0.05) and 26.53% (P < 0.05), respectively. LPL activity in adipose tissue was depressed significantly (P < 0.05) without affecting ME activity. This study demonstrates that dietary supplementation of AIgY can effectively improve growth and carcass composition of pigs and the changes of serum insulin and leptin levels as well as the tissue LPL activity may be involved in the acting mechanism.     

日粮营养对动物脂肪组织基因表达的影响

脂肪组织是一个强大的分泌器官,它能分泌许多与能量、脂肪代谢相关的酶、激素等.调控能量代谢和脂肪组织生长.本文综述了日粮对动物脂肪组织中基因表达作用的研究状况.并阐述了营养成分对这些基因上下游表达的作用机制.     

Effect of hesperidin dietary supplementation on hen performance,egg quality and yolk oxidative stability

1. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation with hesperidin (one or 3 g/kg of feed) for 31 d on the performance, egg quality and yolk oxidative stability of brown and white laying hens (26-wk old).

2. Supplementation with hesperidin did not affect egg production, egg weight and egg quality traits.

3. No hesperidin effect on yolk and plasma cholesterol was observed. A strain effect was found with lower total and per g yolk cholesterol of brown hens in comparison to the white ones.

4. Oxidative stability of egg yolk, expressed as ng MDA/g yolk, was significantly improved in the hesperidin groups even from the first week of supplementation. At the same time, a significant improvement in the oxidative stability of egg yolk due to the incorporation of hesperidin in hens’ diet was observed after 30 and 90 d of storage at 20°C and 4°C, respectively.

5. No hesperidin by strain interaction was detected for any of the traits measured.

6. In conclusion, incorporation of hesperidin to laying hens’ feed did not affect productive and egg qualitative traits. On the other hand, dietary hesperidin supplementation significantly improved oxidative stability of both fresh and stored eggs. Antioxidant properties of hesperidin seem to make it a promising natural agent for improving the shelf life of eggs.     

Effects of dietary energy density on plasma glucose and lipid profile,morphological aspects and chemical characteristics of adipose tissue in finishing pigs

Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor-γ (PPAR-γ) plays a pivotal role in controlling adipogenesis.We hypothesized that changes in dietary energy density might alter fat deposition in finishing pigs via modulation of the expression of PPAR-γ.To test this hypothesis,thirty female finishing pigs were fed diets containing low (LD),medium (MD) or high (HD) energy density.Blood samples were collected on day 53,and then the pigs were sacrificed to collect samples of the dorsal subcutaneous (ST),abdominal (AT) and mesenteric (MT) adipose tissue.Compared with pigs fed the MD diet,malate dehydrogenase activity was increased in the ST and MT of pigs fed the HD diet,while activity was decreased in the MT of pigs fed the LD diet (P0.05).Glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase activity was increased in all three fat depots of pigs fed the HD diet (P0.05) in comparison with pigs fed the MD diet.Both HD and LD diets increased the size of the adipocytes in the AT and MT (P0.05).Pigs fed the HD diet had a higher cell proliferation index in the ST compared with pigs fed the other two diets (P0.05).Compared with pigs fed the MD diet,a decreased apoptosis index was seen in the ST of pigs fed the HD diet,and in the AT of pigs fed the LD diet,as well as in the MT of both HD and LD fed pigs (P0.05).PPAR-γ positive percentage was elevated in the ST and MT of HD fed pigs compared with pigs fed the MD and LD diets,while it was decreased in the ST of LD compared with MD fed pigs (P0.05).These results suggest that dietary energy density may regulate fat deposition in finishing pigs.It is possible that feeding a high energy diet may induce fat deposition via up-regulation of PPAR-γ expression.     

Effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on performance,egg quality,yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activity of laying hens

1. This experiment was conducted to evaluate the effects of dietary supplementation of resveratrol on laying performance, egg quality, egg yolk cholesterol and antioxidant enzyme activities of laying hens.

2. A total of 360 Beijing PINK-1 laying hens (60 weeks old) were randomly distributed among five dietary treatments, each of which included 6 replicates of 12 hens. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg diet resveratrol. The study lasted for 9 weeks including 1 week of adaptation and 8 weeks of the main experimental period.

3. The results indicated that dietary resveratrol significantly improved feed conversion ratios during 5–8 weeks and 1–8 weeks of the trial. Increasing dietary concentrations of the resveratrol linearly improved Haugh unit and albumen height of eggs.

4. The content of total cholesterol (TC), total triglyceride (TG), low density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), very low density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) in serum and cholesterol in yolk was significantly decreased by dietary resveratrol, and there were significant linear correlations between these indexes and resveratrol supplemental levels.

5. Dietary resveratrol supplementation significantly improved serum Glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) enzyme activity and decreased serum malondialdehyde (MDA) content in groups with 2.0 and 4.0 g/kg resveratrol as compared to the control, respectively. However, supplementation of resveratrol did not affect the activity of serum superoxide dismutase (SOD).

6. It is concluded that resveratrol supplementation has a positive effect on performance, lipid-related traits and antioxidant activity of laying hens.     

Effects of dietary supplementation with Gynura procumbens (Merr.) on egg yolk cholesterol,excreta microflora and laying hen performance

1. The present study investigated the effects of dietary supplementation with Gynura procumbens on egg yolk and serum cholesterol and triglycerides, excreta microflora, laying performance and egg quality.

2. A total of 160 Hy-Line Brown layers (45 weeks old) were randomly assigned into 4 treatments on the basis of laying performance. Each treatment had 4 replicates with 10 birds each.

3. Dietary treatments were basal diet supplemented with 0 (control), 2.5, 5.0 and 7.5 g/kg diet G. procumbens during 56-d feeding period.

4. Serum (d 21, 42 and 56) and egg yolk (d 28, 42 and 56) cholesterol and triglycerides concentrations were linearly reduced with increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens.

5. Increasing dietary concentrations of G. procumbens linearly reduced the excreta total anaerobic bacteria (d 28), Clostridium sp. and Escherichia coli (d 28 and 56) populations.

6. Overall egg production and egg mass were linearly increased, and overall feed efficiency was linearly improved with increase in dietary G. procumbens.

7. Dietary increasing concentrations of G. procumbens linearly improved egg yolk colour (d 28 and 56) and breaking strength of eggs (d 56).

8. The results obtained in the present experiment indicate that dietary supplementation with G. procumbens could reduce the egg yolk cholesterol, suppresses harmful excreta microflora and improves layers performance.     

卵黄抗体在饲料添加剂中的应用

卵黄抗体是从产蛋鸡中提取的针对特异性抗原的免疫球蛋白,产量高,成本低廉,防病效果好,理化性质稳定。本文综述了卵黄抗体作为添加剂在猪、家禽及水产动物中的应用,旨在更好地利用卵黄抗体,促进畜牧业发展。     

Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase gene expression during growth in adipose tissue from obese and crossbred pigs.

This investigation addressed the hypothesis that, as a marker of adipocyte differentiation, stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase (SCD) gene expression would be greater during growth in obese pigs than in crossbred, contemporary pigs. Suckled pigs from a single litter were removed from the sow for sampling at 0, 3, 10, and 17 d. The number of litters at 0, 3, 10, and 17 d of age was zero, two, three, and three (obese sows) and four, two, three, and three (crossbred sows), respectively. Postweaning pigs were removed from the sow at 14 d of age. One set of postweaning pigs was fed a high-fat, milk-based diet from d 28 to 49; pigs were killed on d 28 and 49 for sampling. The grain-fed pigs were switched to a pelleted, grain-based grower diet at d 28, and samples were obtained at 31, 35, or 49 d of age. Adipose tissue from all pigs in a litter for preweaning and postweaning pigs was pooled for the measurement of cellularity and SCD mRNA. There were significant genetic and age effects for adipocyte diameter and volume; overall, adipocytes from obese pigs were larger than those from crossbred pigs. Stearoyl-coenzyme A desaturase mRNA was barely detectable at 0 d of age and increased (P < .01) by 20-fold by 49 d of age. There was a significant genetic x age interaction (P = .026); there was more SCD mRNA in adipose tissue from obese pigs than in that from crossbred pigs during the suckling period, whereas crossbred pigs exhibited greater SCD gene expression than obese pigs during the postweaning period. The lesser SCD gene expression in postweaning obese pigs was caused by a strong depression in SCD gene expression in the grain-fed obese pigs. The data indicate that SCD gene expression provides a marker for terminal differentiation, especially in preweaning pigs. Furthermore, these results provide additional evidence that SCD gene expression is up-regulated by diets high in saturated fatty acids.     

Effects of dietary red pepper on egg yolk colour and histological intestinal morphology in laying hens

To evaluate the effect of three kinds of red pepper supplementation ‘Kagawa Hontaka’ produced at Shiwaku Islands (KHS), Miki (KHM) and Takanotsume (TKT) on production performance, egg quality and intestinal histology in laying hens. A total of 32 laying hens (39 weeks of age) were randomly allotted to four groups, each comprising eight hens. Birds were fed a basal diet supplemented with red pepper at 0% (control), 0.5% KHS, 0.5% KHM and 0.5% TKT, respectively. Compared with the control group, no significant difference (p > 0.05) in feed consumption, final body weight, hen‐day production, egg mass, feed efficiency, shell‐breaking strength, shell thickness, shell ratio, albumen ratio, yolk ratio and Haugh units was observed among the experimental groups. Roche yolk colour fan (RYCF) value increased significantly in all experimental groups (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the KHS and KHM groups showed higher RYCF values than the TKT group (p < 0.05). Spectrophotometric measurements of yolk colour, redness (a*) and yellow index (YI) values were higher in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.0001). The yellowness (b*) value was lower in the TKT group (p < 0.05). The lightness (L*) value was lower in the KHS and KHM groups (p < 0.05). Villus height, villus area, cell area and cell mitosis in all intestinal segments tended to be higher in all experimental groups. Jejunal cell area and cell mitosis were higher in experimental groups than in the control group (p < 0.05). The cells on the villus tip surface were protuberated in all experimental groups. In conclusion, the KHS, KHM and TKT groups showed hypertrophied intestinal villi and epithelial cell functions. These results indicate that dietary red pepper has stimulating effect on intestinal villi and the structure of epithelial cells, and the 0.5% KHS and KHM groups improved in egg yolk colour.