Legal regulations and practical application of studies of slaughtered game animals and their meat

Meat regulations also involve game inspection. The previous publications on the one hand dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter, especially the control of fences and the gaining of meat. On the other hand regulations concerning game hunted for food (Deer: Red deer, Sika deer, Fallow deer, Roe deer; Horned ungulates: European mouflon, Chamois; Wild boar; European hare; European rabbit; game such as Badger and Raccoon) and regulations to be observed by hunters, mainly for the gaining of meat were discussed. The recent publication regarded meat inspection (routine inspection) of slaughter game. The following publication deals with meat inspection (routine inspection) of game hunted for food and with meat inspection (additional inspection) of slaughtered game as well as game hunted for food.     

Legal foundation and practical execution of slaughtering and meat examination of game animals

Meat regulations also involve game inspection. On the one hand the previous publications dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter, especially the control of fences and the gaining of meat. On the other hand regulations concerning game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: European mufflon, chamois; wild boar; European hare; European rabbit; game such as badger and raccoon) and regulations to be observed by hunters, mainly for the gaining of meat were discussed. At the beginning the following publication completes the previous ones concerning game hunted for food and later deals with the meat inspection of slaughtered game.     

Legal fundamentals and practical accomplishments of abattoir and meat research in mammalian game animals

Meat regulations also involve game inspection. The previous publication mainly dealt with the regulations and their practice concerning game intended for slaughter. The following publication deals with game hunted for food (deer: red deer, sika deer, fallow deer, roe deer; horned ungulates: european mufflon, chamois; wild boar; european hare; european rabbit) and also game such as the badger and the raccoon.     

Practical advice concerning the immobilization of wild and zoo animals

The usage of ketamine, etorphine and carfentanyl, each combined with xylazine, for the immobilization of captive and free living wild animals is reported. The side-effects of these immobilizaion combinations are discussed. The dosage rates of the immobilization combinations for mammmals, birds and reptiles are presented in tabular form.     

6月龄酉阳本地白山羊公羔的屠宰性能、肉质理化特性及肉品质特性研究

试验随机选择3只6月龄酉阳本地白山羊公羔,屠宰后进行屠宰性能、肉质理化特性以及肉品质特性方面的研究。结果显示,(1)活体重、胴体重、净肉重、屠宰率、净肉率、胴体产肉率、肉骨比和眼肌面积等屠宰性能分别是11.33 kg、4.36 kg、3.06kg、38.45%、26.93%、69.67%、2.65和9.02 cm2。(2)粗蛋白、总脂肪、灰分的含量和嫩度、熟肉率、p H值分别为18.17%、3.30%、0.81%和4.57 kg、53.41%、7.04。(3)本地白山羊肌肉中含有17种氨基酸和3种脂肪酸。实验结果表面,6月龄酉阳本地白山羊公羔的体型偏小、屠宰性能较好,含有丰富的氨基酸和脂肪酸,肉质的各项指标均在正常范围。     

中国渔业“大国效应”特征、战略选择及其政策建议

中国是渔业大国,但与其他渔业大国相比,存在显著不同的发展环境、条件和特点。本文在以往讨论我国渔业大国的基础上,综合学者的研究成果,以大国效应为视点,讨论我国渔业大国现象特征、研究其规律;归纳分析了秘鲁、日本和前苏联等渔业大国的优势陷阱;对我国渔业战略发展提出积极运用渔业大国效应、保持领先发展战略的政策建议。     

青鱼背肉、腹肉和尾肉不同风味成分的比较

淡水鱼类不同部位肉的化学组成有较大差异,为了更深入地探究青鱼背肉、腹肉和尾肉风味差异,研究了青鱼(Mylopharyngodon piceu)不同部位(背肉、腹肉、尾肉)之间风味成分的异同,比较了青鱼3种部位肉水溶性滋味物质及挥发性成分的差异,为青鱼的水产加工工艺方法及加工装备研制等提供参考.使用高效液相技术和氨基酸分...     

General and special problems concerning the approval and re-evaluation of antimicrobial agents for use in agriculturally useful animals

Problems associated with registration and reevaluation of drugs are discussed in this paper. In particular it deals with difficulties resulting from toleration of residue concentrations in edible tissues and from the deduction of withdrawal periods. Possible consequences when applying identical criteria for registration and reevaluation are outlined. The necessity to involve the whole veterinary profession, when setting criteria for determination, presentation and evaluation of clinical efficacy, is stressed.     

Replacement of fish meal by meat and bone meal in practical diets for the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamai (Boone)

The use of meat and bone meal (MBM) was evaluated as a replacement for fish meal in a practical diet formulated to contain 41% protein and 8% lipid. Anchovy meal was replaced by 0%, 20%, 30%, 40%, 50%, 60% and 80% of MBM (diets 1–7) respectively. Healthy post larvae of Litopenaeus vannamei were reared in an indoor, semi‐closed recirculating system. Each dietary treatment was fed to triplicate groups of 40 shrimp per tank (260 L) arranged in a completely randomized design. The shrimp were hand‐fed to near‐satiation three times daily between 07:00 and 18:00 hours for 56 days. There were no significant differences (P>0.05) in growth performance among shrimp fed diets 1–6. However, shrimp fed diet 7 had significantly lower (P<0.05) growth than those fed diet 2 or diet 4. Survival ranged from 95% to 100% and did not significantly (P>0.05) differ. Feed conversion ratio (FCR) and carcass composition of the shrimp were not significantly (P>0.05) affected by dietary treatments. No significant differences (P>0.05) in protein efficiency ratio (PER) were found among shrimp fed diets 1‐6. However, shrimp fed diet 7 had significantly lower (P<0.05) PER than those fed diet 1 or diet 4. Results showed that up to 60% of fish meal protein can be replaced by MBM with no adverse effects on growth, survival, FCR, PER and body composition of L. vannamei.     

特种水产品在养殖过程中的残杀与防止方法

近年来,我国水产业尤其是特种水产品养殖业发展极为迅速,一些地区名特优水产品养殖已逐步向基地化、集约化、规模化和集团化方向发展。但是,多数特种水产品属于肉食性动物,如鳜、鲈、乌鳢、鳖;少数属于杂食偏动物性动物,如罗氏沼虾、日本沼虾、黄鳝、河蟹。在大规模...     

水产动物体内土腥味物质的来源、检测及其防控与去除的研究进展

土腥味一直是影响水产品品质与消费行为的主要因素,长期困扰水产养殖相关产业.开展水产动物体内土腥味物质的来源、积累、检测和防控与去除方法等的研究,对提高水产品品质具有重要意义.本文综述了水产动物体内土腥味物质的来源,对放线菌、蓝藻等引起水产品土腥味的主要源头进行了分析和总结;阐述了土腥味物质在水产品养殖过程中的积累途径....     

对《欧盟有关补充列明动物疫病防控规则和补充列明及新发疫病监督、根除计划及非疫状态规则2项通报》的评议

WTO/TBT-SPS国家咨询中心农业农村部联系点《关于请对欧盟有关补充列明动物疫病防控规则的通报提交官方评议意见的函》(农业农村部联系点函〔2020〕321号)和《关于请对欧盟有关补充列明及新发疫病监督、根除计划及非疫状态规则的通报提交官方评议意见的函》(农业农村部联系点函〔2020〕322号)收悉.该 2 项通报(...     

Chemical, physical and sensory changes of small abalone meat during cooking

ABSTRACT:   Small abalone meats were heated at 80°C and 98°C for 0–120 min and the differences in chemical, physical and sensory changes of the cooked meats were investigated. The decrease in moisture and weight and the increase in browning and Hunter's b -value were relatively higher for cooking at 98°C than at 80°C. After cooking for 20–120 min, the total amount of adenosine triphosphate and its related compounds on a dry weight basis decreased by 17–27% at 80°C and by 30–39% at 98°C; the total amount of free amino acids on a dry weight basis changed insignificantly at 80°C but decreased by 22–35% after cooking at 98°C. The meats cooked at 80°C were higher in cutting force whereas the levels in the samples cooked at 98°C did not decrease until samples had been cooked for 60 min. The hydroxyproline content showed little change during cooking except for in samples cooked at 98°C for 120 min, in which the content was found to be low. The extended cooking at 80°C improved the acceptability of small abalone meat, whereas only the acceptability score of aroma increased significantly for cooking at 98°C.     

白缘鱼央的循环水养殖与鱼病检验

引种长江上游水系的白缘鱼央,在实验室条件下用自主设计制作的“双控循环养殖系统”进行驯养,通过对水流和温度的控制,解决了冷水鱼的水温、水质和饲料问题。对病鱼组织刮片和镜检,基本鉴别和确定了对白缘鱼央危害较大的水霉病病原体以及两种寄生虫病病原体和两种出血病病原体,并对白缘鱼央的气泡病和弯体病的产生原因进行了分析。探讨了白缘鱼央“双控”“双低”养殖水体的必要性。     

浅谈渔船海损事故原因与调查处理

海事是指渔业船舶在海上航行、作业或停泊中,凡造成船舶、重要属具的损失,或其他引起财产损失、人身伤亡的事故,简称海事.     

肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉养殖奥尼罗非鱼的效果研究

试验研究了肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉替代鱼粉池塘养殖奥尼罗非鱼的效果研究。24 000尾(349±28.3)g奥尼罗非鱼分为4组,每组设计3个平行试验区域,每2 000尾饲养于2×667 m2左右的实验区域中。对照组和1、2、3试验组日粮分别以鱼粉、肉松粉、羽毛粉和肉骨粉设计蛋白质水平为28%左右,消化能为2 670～2 810 Kcal/kg。在水温(28.2±2.8)℃饲养60 d。试验结果:①奥尼罗非鱼的相对生长率,食物转化率肉松粉组鱼粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,差异显著(P0.05)。由于单位鱼成本不同,肉松粉组养殖效益为对照组的132.46%,肉骨粉组为对照组的96.60%,羽毛粉组为对照组的80.51%。②奥尼罗非鱼体水分,灰分含量差异不显著(P0.05);蛋白质含量鱼粉组肉松粉组肉骨粉组羽毛粉组,鱼粉组显著性高于肉骨粉和羽毛粉组(P0.05);脂肪含量肉骨粉组羽毛粉组肉松粉组鱼粉组,前3组显著性高于鱼粉组(P0.05)。③奥尼罗非鱼肥满度,脏体比,肝体比无显著性差异(P0.05),仅肉骨粉组肠脂比及肝脂肪含量最高,羽毛粉组最低,显著性差异(P0.05)。在池塘养殖中,饲料中使用肉松粉替代鱼粉可明显降低成本,提高经济效益。在罗非鱼饲料中使用部分肉骨粉和羽毛粉是安全的。     

Development and validation of a range of endogenous controls to support the implementation of practical Taqman real-time PCR-based surveillance for fish diseases within aquaculture

The use of Taqman real-time PCR-based technology has recently become more frequent in the detection of pathogens in the aquaculture industry. This interest has necessitated the development of robust and reliable pathogen-detection assays. The development of a range of endogenous control assays to be run alongside these diagnostic assays works to further increase confidence in the latter. This study describes the design of a range of endogenous control assays based on the elongation factor 1-α (EF1-α) gene specific to a range of fish species including Atlantic salmon, Salmo salar; rainbow trout, Oncorhynchus mykiss; brown trout, Salmo trutta; cod, Gadus morhua; haddock, Melanogrammus aeglefinus; saithe, Pollachius virens; whiting, Merlangius merlangus; Norway pout, Trisopterus esmarkii; carp (family Cyprinidae), roach, Rutilus rutilus; European eel, Anguilla anguilla; and herring, Clupea harengus, as well as a number of fish cell lines. Evidence is provided of the validation of these assays for specific species, a range of tissue types and cell lines as well as an example of the potential uses of these assays.     

Growth, feed efficiency and slaughter quality of salmon, Salmo salar L., given feeds with different ratios of carbohydrate and protein

The effects of using increasing levels of carbohydrate to replace protein in diets for Atlantic salmon were studied in a long-term, semicommercial-scale experiment in sea cages, using wheat and corn starch as carbohydrate sources. The fish were fed extruded diets containing 24 g and 602 g kg^?1, 98 g and 521 g kg^?1, 165 g and 454 g kg^?1, 230 g and 384 g kg^?1 of carbohydrate and protein, respectively. The contents of lipid were kept constant at 280 g kg^?1. The experiment lasted for 9 months until the fish had reached about 4 kg. All groups showed good growth in the experimental period. Feed efficiency decreased and feed intake increased linearly with increased level of carbohydrate in the diet. Digestibility of dry matter and energy were seriously decreased with increased carbohydrate level in the diets. This was mainly due to decreased digestibility of carbohydrate, but also to decreased digestibility of lipid. The digestibility of protein or amino acids was not affected by diet. Higher levels of carbohydrate resulted in increased storage of energy as lipid in fillet and abdominal fat. Red coloration showed an optimum at 98 g kg^?1 carbohydrate in the diets. No differences in maturation were found between diets. Overall, based on feed efficiency, growth and slaughter quality, the optimum level of carbohydrate in the diet for Atlantic salmon in sea water is found to be approximately 100 g kg^?1 dry matter.     

Stress assessment,quality indicators and shelf life of three aquaculture important marine fish,in relation to harvest practices,water temperature and slaughter method

The objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of harvest practices and slaughter method on stress, quality and shelf life of whole fish (gilthead sea bream, European sea bass and red sea bream) towards the development of a humane slaughter practice. The use of hook and line resulted in significantly lower plasma cortisol and glucose in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream. Water temperature at harvest affected significantly the concentrations of stress indicators (plasma cortisol and glucose), mainly in European sea bass and gilthead sea bream. No significant differences were observed between the harvesting methods, regarding fish appearance, microbial spoilage and sensory scoring and subsequently shelf life. However, significantly lower hardness was recorded in fish harvested using the electric stunner, compared to the fish killed with slurry ice of the same harvesting period. Shelf life ranged between 13–18 days for gilthead seabream, 10–16 days for European sea bass and 10–14 days for red sea bream, depending on harvesting period.     

绝非泛泛而为——水溶性维生素泛酸篇

挑选体质量为(8.80±0.10) g的卵形鲳鲹(Trachinotus ovatus)幼鱼,随机分成6组,每组3个平行,每个平行20尾,放于池塘网箱中,分别饲喂泛酸质量分数为0、16.4 mg·kg^–1、20 mg·kg^–1、26 mg·kg^–1、33.4 mg·kg^–1和37 mg·kg^–1的半纯化饲料8周,每天饱食投喂2次,研究并确定其对泛酸的需求量。结果表明,饲料中添加适量泛酸可以显著提高卵形鲳鲹幼鱼增重率、特定生长率、血清补体C4体积分数和肠道中淀粉酶(AMS)、肌酸激酶 (CK)和Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性(P<0.05),并且随着饲料中泛酸质量分数的增加,其增重率、特定生长率、补体C4体积分数、AMS、CK和Na⁺-K⁺-ATP酶活性先升高后下降;33.4 mg·kg^–1泛酸组的肌肉蛋白含量显著高于未添加泛酸组和16.4 mg·kg^–1泛酸组(P<0.05);饲料中添加适量泛酸可以显著提高卵形鲳鲹血清中高密度胆固醇水平、溶菌酶(LZM)活性和肠道γ-谷氨酰转肽酶(γ-GT)活性(P<0.05),且随着泛酸水平的增加先升高后保持稳定。二次回归分析结果表明,以增重率为指标,卵形鲳鲹幼鱼对泛酸的最适需求量为21.03 mg·kg^–1饲料。