大麦、高粱在养猪生产中的应用

正玉米是畜禽饲料中主要的能量饲料之一,在饲料配方中的比例约占60%,而对大麦、高梁等谷物作为能量饲料来源开发较少。随着畜牧业的高速发展,对饲料的需求快速增加,玉米作为主要的能量原料,需求量倍增从而导致价格高涨。为了降低饲料成本、提高产品竞争力,许多大型饲料企业开始开发非常规能量饲料,改变配合饲料的单一结构,不仅能够提高饲料质量,同时可以降低饲料成本,缓解玉米价格上涨对畜牧业造成的压力。目前,在猪饲料生产中,可通过使     

大麦的饲用价值

中国饲料工业信息网http押//www.chinafeed.org.cn电子邮件:slgj@chinafeed.org.cn目前,玉米是畜禽配合饲料中最主要的能量饲料,而大麦、小麦等谷物作为能量饲料来源很少使用。随着畜牧业的发展,一直作为能量饲料的玉米已远远满足不了畜牧业生产的需要,呈现较大的缺口,造成玉米价格不断上扬。因此,开发非常规能量饲料如大麦、小麦、黑麦等是解决能量饲料短缺的有效方法之一。一方面可以改变配合饲料的单一结构,提高饲料的质量;另一方面可以降低配合饲料的价格,缓解玉米市场的供求矛盾。本文主要对大麦的营养特性,用作饲料存在的问题、解决的…     

小麦在奶牛日粮中应用比例不宜过高

正目前,玉米是我国奶牛日粮中常用的谷物类饲料原料,在高产奶牛精料补充料中的比例通常高达60%。随着生物燃料和淀粉工业的快速发展,玉米的需求总量不断增加,迫切需要寻找新淀粉类能量饲料来代替玉米。在欧洲和北美等小麦主产区,小麦经常作为能量饲料用于畜禽饲料中。长期以来,小麦在我国常常作为人类的粮食而很少用作饲料,这主要是由于与玉米、高粱等能量饲料相比,小麦价格不具有竞争优势。但是,当小麦的市场价格足够低及其他谷物类能量饲料短缺时,在奶牛饲料中应用小麦就成     

非淀粉多糖与畜禽营养

畜禽饲料中,玉米是主要的能量饲料。一般较少使用小麦、大麦和糠麸等。一方面是由于玉米能量水平较高,另一方面是由于麦类谷物及糠麸中含有抗     

高梁、大麦、小麦替代玉米配制畜禽配合饲料

用玉米作为畜禽配合饲料的谷物原料是我国使用的典型配方,这是因为玉米的营养价值、能量和饲料利用率较高的缘故。由于有些地区玉米不足,需要寻找其它谷物来全部或部分替代玉米作为畜禽配合饲料。世界上一些非玉米主产国和地区已成功地利用其他谷物制作配合饲料,今作一简介。     

高油玉米在畜禽饲料中的应用

高油玉米(HighoilcormHOC)是近年来培育的一种新型优质玉米,我国在这一高技术领域处于世界领先地位。文章着重介绍了高油玉米作为畜禽饲料的饲喂效果及在优质畜产品生产中的作用。同时,对高油玉米的生产方式和未来发展趋势进行了分析。笔者认为,高油玉米作为畜禽饲养业中一种新的饲料来源,大量推广应用不仅有利于提高畜牧业的生产水平,而且有助于改善畜禽产品的品质,提高我国畜产品在国际市场的竞争力。     

猪,禽获得最优生产性能新法—日粮中加酶

一、导言在猪禽日粮中,谷物类是能量的主要来源,然而,不同谷物饲料给动物提供的能量变化很大。根据代谢能(ME)依次排序是玉米>小麦>小黑麦>大麦>燕麦>黑麦(表1)。大麦、燕麦和黑麦不利于禽类生产性能的提高,因此在家禽日粮中一直很少     

可溶性非淀粉多糖的研究综述

在畜禽饲粮中，人们通常把玉米作为主要的能量饲料，很少使用小麦、大麦或糠麸。但随着畜牧业的发展，很可能会发生玉米短缺状况。据预测，２０００年～２０２０年我国能量饲料供给量的缺口为０２４亿吨～０８３亿吨。由于麦类谷物及糠麸中含有抗营养物质可溶性非淀粉...     

银合欢、木薯饲料的研发及应用效果

随着畜牧业的蓬勃发展,畜禽及水产饲料产量逐年增长,致使饲料原料短缺,除蛋白质饲料不足外,能量饲料不足的问题也越来越严重,开发廉价的饲料资源替代部分玉米和大豆等能量与蛋白质原料势在必行。银合欢和木薯因其自身的优势在饲料应用上有着巨大的潜力,但也存在不少缺陷,再加上对其饲料研发技术不够成熟,目前仍不能很好的发挥其作用。作者针对其良好应用效果、饲料应用潜力及研发技术处理作一简述,为研究利用中国热带地区产量高、营养丰富的银合欢和木薯提供一定的参考,有望作为替代部分玉米和大豆等能量与蛋白质的重要原料。     

养殖户如何经济方便地调整饲料配方

我国饲料市场上,玉米和豆粕丰富而价廉,其它谷物或能量饲料不可能与玉米在配方中竞争。而鱼粉和骨粉、磷酸二氢钙也同样在配方中是很完美的结合组,其它原料如小麦、酵母蛋白、玉米蛋白、碗豆蛋白、畜禽副产品、油葵饼、花生粕、棉仁粕、油菜籽等如能     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

中华人民共和国农业部公告 第267号

为贯彻落实《兽药生产质量管理规范》(简称《兽药GMP》),进一步推动兽药GMP实施进程,我部制定了《兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法》,现予公告。本公告自2003年6月1日起施行。附件:兽药生产质量管理规范检查验收办法二○○三年四月十日第一章 总则 第一条 为推动《兽药生产质量管理规范》(以下简称兽药GMP)的实施,规范兽药GMP检查验收工作,制定本办法。 第二条 农业部负责全国兽药GMP管理和检查验收工作;负责制修订兽药GMP检查验收管理规定;负责兽药GMP检查员队伍建设和监督管理工作,负责国际兽药贸易中GMP互认工作。 …     

鸡败血支原体垂直传播模式及其阻断方法

以国际标准强毒Ｒ株人工感染非免疫产蛋鸡,定时扑杀,分别从鼻窦、眶下孔、气管、肺、气囊、卵巢和输卵管分离ＭＧ,并收集感染鸡所产蛋分离ＭＧ。结果表明,人工感染４８小时后上、下呼吸道及肺已被全面感染,９６小时气囊已被感染,１２０小时输卵管已能分离到ＭＧ,卵巢始终分离不到ＭＧ。人工感染鸡自１４４小时便能在其所产蛋中分离出ＭＧ。药物治疗能在７２小时内消除感染,油乳剂苗则需２４天后逐渐降低蛋内ＭＧ分离率,药物卵内注射、种蛋药浴、高温处理均能杀死卵内ＭＧ,但以研制的种蛋浸泡剂药浴效果为最好。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.