Effects of Bile Acid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of White Feather Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胆汁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和脂类代谢的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.071)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量有降低趋势(P=0.054),血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.090)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸可以降低白羽肉鸡料重比,提高屠宰率,对脂类代谢有一定的改善作用。     

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究抗菌肽和中草药添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响。选用600只体重相近的10日龄麻黄肉鸡作为试验动物,随机分成4个组,分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽)、中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg中草药添加剂)和抗菌肽+中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽和200 mg/kg中草药添加剂),每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡。试验期47 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10~21日龄,抗菌肽组和抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡10~21日龄平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05);22~43日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组平均日采食量和料重比均显著降低(P<0.05),但抗菌肽+中草药组死亡率显著提高(P<0.05);44~56日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P <0.05),而抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),死亡率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡血清球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验组血清丙二醛和D-乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05),中草药组和抗菌肽+中草药组十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);抗菌肽+中草药组空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加200 mg/kg抗菌肽或中草药添加剂可以显著提高22~56日龄麻黄肉鸡生长性能,降低血清D-乳酸含量,同时改善小肠形态结构,但两者不宜混合使用。     

Effect of Feeding Pellet Diets on Intake，Digestion and Metabolism of Pregnant Ewes

16 adult Small Tail Han ewes,with body weight of 53 kg,were randomly divided into 4 groups （n＝4）,the roughage-type ground diet （GD）（group 1） or pellet diet （PD）（group 2）（67% cornstalk）,and the concentrate-type GD （group 3） or PD （group 4）（50% cornstalk） were fed from the 50th day of pregnancy.Two digestion-metabolism experiments at the 60 to 76 and 120 to 136 d of pregnancy were carried to study the effect of feeding PDs on the intake,digestion and metabolism of pregnant ewes.The results showed that under the conditions of roughage-type ration （RTR） and concentrate-type ration （CTR）,the DM voluntary intake of ewes was increased by 44.8%（P＜0.01） and 46.0%（P＜0.01） at early pregnant stage （EPS）,respectively,and 58.7%（P＜0.01） and 58.5% （P＜0.01） at later pregnant stage （LPS）,respectively.The apparent digestibility of DM was decreased by 6.2%（P＞0.05） and 6.0% （P＞0.05） at EPS,respectively,and 8.0%（P＞0.05） and 1.6%（P＞0.05） at LPS,respectively. The apparent digestibility of CP was decreased by 13.9%（P>0.05） and 2.3%（P＞0.05） at EPS,respectively,and 4.8%（P＞0.05） and 3.9% （P＞0.05） at LPS,respectively. The apparent digestibility of energy was decreased by 2.9%（P＞0.05） and 5.7%（P<0.05） at EPS,respectively,and 0.5%（P＞0.05） and 8.2%（P＜0.01） at LPS,respectively.However,under the conditions of RTR and CTR,by feeding PD the digested amount of DM of ewes was increased by 19.7%（P＜^R0.05） and 37.0%（P＜0.01） at EPS,respectively,and 65.8% （P＜0.01） and 46.3%（P＜0.01） at LPS,respectively.The digested CP amount of ewes was increased by 31.2%（P＜0.01） and 30.4% （P＜0.05） at EPS,respectively,and 60.1% （P＜0.01） and 56.4% （P＜0.01） at LPS,respectively. The amount of digestible energy was increased by 54.6%（P＜0.01） and 36.8%（P＜0.01） at EPS,respectively,and 105.2%（P＜0.01） and 63.8% （P＜0.01） at LPS,respectively. Under the conditions of RTR and CTR,by feeding PD the nitrogen retention of ewes was increased by 74.5%（P＜0.01） and 44.7%（P＜0.05） at EPS,respectively,and 101.1%（P＜0.01） and 73.4%（P＜0.01） at LPS,respectively. The birth weight of lamb was increased by 26.3%（P＜0.05） and 34.8%（P＜0.01）,respectively. It was concluded that by feeding PD the voluntary intake of pregnant ewes could be increased. The digestibility of diet had the tendency to decrease,but the digested amount was increased very significantly. By feeding PD the nitrogen retention of ewes and the birth weight of lamb were increased.Therefore,feeding PD was an effective way for increasing nutrient supply to pregnant ewes.     

Effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance,apparent nutrient digestibility,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes of Hu sheep北大核心CSCD

The experiment was conducted to study the effects of fermented soybean residues on growth performance, apparent nutrient digestibility, meat quality and blood physiological indexes of Hu sheep, and to investigate the value of fermented soybean residues in the production of meat sheep. In the present study, twenty-one healthy male Hu sheep with similar body weight were selected and randomly allocated into a basal diet （control） group, a soybean residue group （basal diet+20% soybean residue, SR） or a fermented soybean residues group （basal diet+20% fermented soybean residues, FSR）, with 7 animals in each group. The experiment lasted for 49 days, including a 7-day adaptation period. The results were as follows: 1）Compared with the control and SR groups, addition of 20% fermented soybean residues in the diet （FSR） significantly increased the average daily weight gain of Hu sheep （P< 0.05） and significantly reduced the weight gain cost （P<0.05）. 2） The apparent digestibility of dry matter （DM）, crude protein （CP） and neutral detergent fiber （NDF） of Hu sheep in the fermented soybean residues group was significantly higher than that in other groups （P<0.05）. 3） Compared with the SR group, the carcass weight of the FSR group was increased （P<0.05）, while the dressing percentage, meat redness values of the FSR group were greater than those of the other groups （P<0.05）, and the drip loss was lower than other groups （P<0.05）. 4） Compared with the control and SR groups, the serum total protein content of the FSR group was increased （P< 0.05）, and the urea nitrogen content was reduced （P<0.05）. Compared with the SR group, the serum albumin content of the FSR group was increased significantly （P<0.05）. In conclusion, the addition of fermented soybean residues in the diet significantly improved the average daily gain of Hu sheep, reduced the feed cost, improved the apparent digestibility of DM, CP and NDF, and improved the meat quality and serum biochemical indexes. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Broussonetia papyrifera Leaves on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora of Guangxi Sanhuang Chickens北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响。选取120只健康的1日龄广西三黄鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。A组为对照组,饲喂不添加杂交构树叶的基础饲粮;B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加3%、6%、9%的杂交构树叶,试验期为21 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对生长性能、血清生化指标以及肠道组织形态均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);饲粮中添加9%的杂交构树叶可显著提高血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低平均日增重和脾脏指数(P<0.05),显著增加料重比(P<0.05)。肠道菌群分析显示,与对照组相比,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶对盲肠菌群的Alpha多样性指数无显著影响(P>0.05);在属水平上,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著降低欧氏菌属(Olsenella)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales、norank_f_norank_o_RF39、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、norank_f_norank_o_Rhodospirillales的比例(P<0.05),同时显著增加另枝菌属(Alistipes)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、Sellimonas、Negativibacillus、厌氧棒状菌属(Anaerostipes)的比例(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫性能、肠道组织形态均无负面影响,且添加6%的杂交构树叶还可以提高广西三黄鸡的法氏囊指数,改善盲肠菌群结构。     

Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, immunity function and antioxidant capacity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). A total of 480 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (5.53±0.02) g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group, and 40 fish in each replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid experimental diets were fed with 0 (G0), 500 (G1), 1 000 (G2) and 2 000 mg/kg (G3) triglyceride, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) weight gain rate and feed efficiency rate in G2 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The fatness in G1 group was significantly lower than that in G0 and G3 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between G1 group and G2 group (P>0.05). 2) The serum glucose content in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the serum contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with G0 group, serum lysozyme activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), serum alkaline phosphatase activity in G1 and G2 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin M content in G2 group was significantly higher than that in G3 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum complement C3 content among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with G0 group, serum total antioxidant capacity in G1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum super-oxide dismutase activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum catalase activity in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G0, G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in serum glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 to 2 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish, and dietary supplementation of 1 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve weight gain rate and feed efficiency of yellow catfish. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of growth performance, serum immunity and antioxidant indexes, the optimal supplemental level of triglyceride in yellow catfish diet is 1 000 mg/kg. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Faba Bean Supplementation on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 600 genetic improvement of farmed tilapia with an initial body weight of (500.23± 0.34) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing 0 (C0 group, as control), 15% (C15 group), 30% (C30 group) and 60% (C60 group) faba bean were fed to fish during the 100-d feeding trial. Results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient ratio and hepatosomatic index among the groups (P>0.05), the protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in C60 group were significantly higher than those in C0 and C15 groups (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin among the groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the C0 group, the C15, C30 and C60 groups had significantly lower intestinal villus height, villus thickness and muscle thickness (P<0.05). 4) The Simpson index of intestinal flora of tilapia in C15, C30 and C60 groups was lower than that in C0 group, and the difference was significant between C30 and C0 groups (P< 0.05). 5) The intestinal core flora of the four groups of tilapia were mainly Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota. Compared with the C0 group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in C15, C30 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium in C15 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05). To conclude, under the conditions of isonitrogenous and isolipidic, diets supplemented with 15% to 60% faba bean have no significant effects on the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of tilapia, but can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height, villus width and muscle thickness, decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the diversity of intestinal flora. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Ampitheoe sp. Powder on Growth and Lipid Contents of Litopenaeus vannamei北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary Ampitheoe sp. powder on the growth and the contents of astaxanthin, triglyceride (TG), total cholesterol (TCHO) and fatty acids of Litopenaeus vannamei. A total of approximately 6 777 L. vannamei with an initial body weight of (1. 80 ± 0.72) g were randomly divided into 3 groups, and there were 3 replicates (753 shrimp per replicate) in each group. Those shrimp fed diets containing 0 (D0 group), 8. 25% (D8. 25 group) and 33% (D33. 00 group) Ampitheoe sp. powder, respectively. The feeding trial lasted for 40 days. The results showed as follows: 1) the final body weight, weight gain rate, specific growth rate, yield and survival rate in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05), whereas the feed conversion ratio was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . However, there was no significant difference between D33.00 group and the D8. 25 group in those indexes (P >0.05) . 2) The astaxanthin content in carapace, hepatopancreas and muscle of L. vannamei in D8.25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05); that in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D8. 25 group (P < 0. 05) . 3) TG content in haemolymph, hepatopancreas and muscle in D8. 25 and D33. 00 groups was significantly lower than that in D0 group (P < 0.05); the TCHO content in hepatopancreas in D8. 25 group was significantly higher than that in D0 and D33.00 groups (P <0.05); TCHO content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P <0.05) . 4) The contents of eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and arachidonic acid (AA) in hepatopancreas in D33.00 group were significantly higher than those in D0 group (P <0.05) . The EPA content in muscle in D33.00 group was significantly higher than that in D0 group (P < 0. 05) . In conclusion, adding Ampitheoe sp. powder into the diet can improve the growth performance, the contents of astaxanthin, EPA and AA in L. vannamei, and affect the accumulation of TG and TCHO, which can be used as a functional diet in aquaculture. Considering the cost, the supplementation level of 8. 25% Ampitheoe sp. powder is more appropriate. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Pediatric Surgery. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Wheat and Fermented Sesame Meal on Growth Performance，Meat Quality and Serum Biochemical Indexes in Broilers

This study was to investigate the effects of different proportions of wheat and fermented sesame meal on growth performance,meat quality and serum biochemical indexes in broilers under the condition of adding exogenous enzymes in the diet.A total of 520 21-day-old broilers （fast）with an average body weight of （330±10）g were randomly assigned to 5 groups with 4 replicates in each group and each replicate contained 26 broilers. Broilers in the 5 groups were fed experimental diets containing 0 (control group),20% wheat +5% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅰ）,40% wheat +10% fermented sesame meal （group Ⅱ）,20% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅲ） and 40% wheat + soybean meal （group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 3 days and the trial period lasted for 34 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,the ADG in groups Ⅰ,Ⅱ,Ⅲ and Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 9.40%,7.15%,8.87%,5.46% （P＜0.05）,respectively,while the ADFI and F/G showed no significant differences （P＞0.05）.There were no significant differences on meat quality among all experimental groups（P＞0.05）, respectively, but group Ⅱ had better meat quality than others.Compared with the control group,the content of alanine aminotransferase in serum in groups Ⅲ, Ⅳ was significantly decreased by 30.10%,25.36% （P＜0.05）,but there were no significant differences in the contents of total protein,urea nitrogen and aspartate aminotransferase in serum in all experimental groups（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,under the experimental conditions,adding appropriate proportions of wheat and sesame meal could replace part of the corn and soybean meal in the diet,and the better supplementation level of wheat and fermented sesame meal was 40% and 10%,respectively.     

Effects of Dietary Coated Sodium Butyrate on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Inflammatory Response of Broilers under Cyclically Heat-Stress Condition北大核心CSCD

This experiment investigated the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of broilers under cyclically heat-stress condition. The experiment selected 500 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, and when routine immunization and rearing to 21-day-old, four hundred and fifty healthy and similar body weight broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate. Five groups were divided into one normal temperature group (NT group), one heat stress group (HS group) and three heat stress and adding CSB groups (HS+CSB groups) . Broilers in the NT group were raised in room temperature environment [(24± 2) °C], and fed a basal diet. Broilers in the HS group and HS+CSB groups were raised in a daily high temperature environment (28 °C -36 °C -28 °C), and fed diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg / kg CSB in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers (P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05), and the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers compared with HS group (P<0.05) . 2) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress significantly or extremely significantly decreased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly or extremely significantly increased serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), α1-acidoglycoprotein (α1-AGP), endotoxin (ET) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC (P < 0. 05), and significantly or extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity and α1-AGP, ET and TBARS contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05), and extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity of broilers (P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC of broilers (P < 0. 05) . 3) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly increased the serum contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) of broilers (P<0.01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), and significantly increased serum transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content (P<0.05); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6 and TNF-α contents of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly reduced the serum TNF-α content of broilers (P<0.05) . Above results indicate that the addition of CSB in the diet can improve the growth performance of broilers under the cyclically heat-stress condition by increasing the antioxidant capacity and alleviating the inflammatory response, and adding 900 mg / kg CSB to the diet in this experiment has the best effect. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.     

Effect of Different Ratios of Food to Water of Dry Powder Feed on Growth Performance，Nutrient Digestibility and Nitrogen Metabolism of Growing Wusuli Raccoon Dogs

This experiment was aimed to explore the effect of different ratios of food to water of dry powder feed on growth performance,nutrient digestibility and nitrogen metabolism of growing Wusuli raccoon dogs.Thirty 11-week-old healthy Wusuli raccoon dogs with average body weight of （3.47±0.20） kg were randomly assigned into 3 groups.The Wusuli raccoon dogs were fed experimental diets with dry powder feed of ratio of food to water of 1∶2.5 （group Ⅰ）,1∶3.5（group Ⅱ）,1∶4.5 （group Ⅲ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 67 days.The results showed that the average daily feed intake of each week from 11,12 to 13 weeks in groupⅠ was significantly less than that in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ （P＜0.05）,the average daily feed intake of each week from 14,15 to 20 weeks was no significant difference among all groups （P＞0.05）.The total intake in group Ⅰ was significantly less than that in group Ⅱ （P＜0.05）.The average daily gain of each week from 15 to 17 weeks in group Ⅲ was significantly higher than that in group Ⅰ （P＜0.05）,while the average daily gain,total weight and the rate of feed intake to body gain in other week-old were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.The protein digestibility,fat digestibility and dry matter digestibility were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.The amount of urine in group Ⅲ was extremely significantly higher than that in groups Ⅰ and Ⅱ （P＜0.01）.The nitrogen intake,fecal nitrogen,urine nitrogen,nitrogen deposition,net protein utilization and biological value of protein were no significant differences among all groups （P＞0.05）.In conclusion,the appropriate ratios of food to water of dry powder feed of growing Wusuli raccoon dogs was 1∶3.5 to 1∶4.5.     

Effects of Antibacterial Peptide Cecropin on Prouduction Performance，Immune Function and Serum Biological Parameters of Weaner Piglets

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of antimicrobial peptide cecropin on production performance,immune function and serum biological parameters of weaner piglets.A total of 240 weaner hybrid piglets （Landrace×Large White×Duroc） with average body weight （8.35±0.12）kg were randomly divided into 4 treatments with 6 replicates of 10 each.The four treatments were control group （fed a basal diet）,antibiotics group （fed basal diet＋140 mg/kg 50% kitasamycin＋100 mg/kg olaquindox ＋600 mg/kg 10% colistin sulfate）,antimicrobial peptide group （fed basal diet＋350 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide cecropin）,compatibility group （antibiotics + antibacterial peptide group）（fed basal diet＋250 mg/kg antimicrobial peptide cecropin＋50 mg/kg olaquindox ＋200 mg/kg 10% colistin sulfate）,each group was half male and half female.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days,the trial period lasted for 34 days.The results showed that compared with control group,the average daily gain in compatibility group was significantly increased （P＜0.05）,the average daily feed intake in antibiotic group and antimicrobial peptide group was significantly decreased （P＜0.05）,the feed conversion ratio and diarrhea rate in all three experimental groups were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）.The antibody blocking rate and serum IgG,IgA contents in antimicrobial peptide group and compatibility group were significantly increased （P＜0.05）,the serum urea nitrogen and blood sugar contents in antimicrobial peptide group and compatibility group were significantly decreased （P＜0.05）,but the serum total protein and albumin contents were significantly increased （P＜0.05）.In conclusion,dietary supplementation appropriate level of antimicrobial peptide cecropin could replace part of the antibiotics,and adding high dose of antimicrobial peptide cecropin could replace antibiotics used in feed completely.     

Effects of Low Crude Protein Level Diet Based on Corn-Peanut Meal on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Utilization of Chinese Yellow Chickens at 1 to 21 Days of Age北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究基于玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质(CP)水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用率的影响。选取1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡1920只(公母各占1/2),公、母鸡各按体重一致原则随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复40只)。4个组的饲粮CP水平分别为22.5%、21.5%、20.5%和19.5%。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同水平CP和性别对21日龄肉鸡末重和1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)均有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著交互作用(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组ADG均显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平对肉鸡ADG的影响具有显著线性效应(P<0.05)。22.5%CP组公鸡ADG最高,显著高于其他3个CP水平组(P<0.05),21.5%CP组公鸡ADG也显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组母鸡ADG均显著高于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮不同水平CP对肉鸡料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著的线性效应(P<0.05);22.5%CP组F/G最低,显著低于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05);21.5%CP组F/G显著低于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮不同水平CP均对肉鸡氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.5%CP组肉鸡氮利用率最高,显著高于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05),19.5%CP组氮利用率也显著高于20.5%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,以玉米-花生仁饼为基础饲粮,低CP水平饲粮中尽管补充添加了晶体氨基酸,但是还是会影响公鸡生长。1~21日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮CP水平可以降低1~2个百分点。建议将公、母鸡分开饲养,以实现对其营养的精准调控,提高氮利用率,降低氮排放。     

Comparison Study of Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestion,Rumen Fermentation and Blood Physiological Indexes between Yaks (Bos grunniens) and Cattle (Bos taurus) under Low-Concentrate Barn Fattening北大核心CSCD

This study was aimed to compare the growth performance, nutrient digestion, rumen fermentation and blood physiological indexes between yaks (Bos grunniens) and cattle (Bos taurus) under low-concentrate barn fattening, which provide data reference and technical support for breed and feeding technology selection of fattening beef cattle in the Qinghai-Tibetan Plateau. In this experiment, six healthy yaks [(211 ±6) kg] and six healthy Qaidam cattle [(210±7) kg], all castrated and 4 years of age, were selected and raised in individual metabolic cages. The experimental diets consisted of concentrate (2.0 kg / d per head) and forage (ad libitum) . The pre-experiment lasted for 10 days, and the trial lasted for 95 days. The results showed as follows: 1) total dry matter intake were significantly lower in yaks than cattle (P<0.05), whereas average daily gain was not different between yaks and cattle (P>0.05), therefore, feed / gain was significantly lower in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . 2) There was no difference between yaks and cattle in apparent digestibilities of nutrients (P>0.05) . 3) Ruminal pH tended to be higher (P = 0.083), and the concentrations of iso-volatile fatty acids (VFAs) were significantly greater in yaks than cattle (P<0.05), whereas the concentrations of total volatile fatty acids (TVFA), acetate, propionate and butyrate were not significantly different between yaks and cattle (P>0.05) . 4) Concentrations of ammonia nitrogen, free amino acid nitrogen and soluble protein nitrogen in rumen were significantly greater in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . 5) The red blood cells (RBC) amount, hemoglobin (HGB) content, hematocrit (HCT) and red blood cell volume distribution width (RDW-CV) were significantly lower (P < 0. 05), whereas mean corpuscular volume (MCV), mean corpuscular hemoglobin (MCH) content and platelets (PLT) amount were significantly higher in yaks than cattle (P<0.05) . In conclusion, yaks have lower feed intake, but have a greater feed conversion efficiency than cattle, therefore, yaks can produce a greater economic benefits than cattle under low-concentrate barn fattening system. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Dairy Goats北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Quercetin on Growth Performance,Digestive Enzyme Activities,Immune and Antioxidant Functions of Cyprinus carpio北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of quercetin on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred juvenile Cyprinus carpio with an initial body weight of (26.00±0.50) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The control group (T1 group) was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (T2 group), 100 (T3 group), 200 (T4 group) and 400 mg/ kg (T5 group) quercetin, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with T1 group, the final body weight of juvenile Cypri⁃ nus carpio in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P < 0. 05), the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in T3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient in all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), which in T3 group was the lowest. With the specific growth rate as the evaluation index, according to the cubic regression model analysis, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin in the diet for Cyprinus carpio was 124.02 mg/ kg. 2) The activities of intestinal protease, lipase and amylase in T3 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 3) Compared with T1 group, the serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and complement 3 (C3) content in T3 group were signifi⁃ cantly increased (P<0.05); the serum complement 4 (C4) content in T3 group was the highest, and signifi⁃ cantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobu⁃ lin M (IgM) content in T3 and T4 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum LZM activity in T3 group was significantly higher than that in T4 group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with T1 group, the activi⁃ ties of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in T3 group were significantly increased (P< 0.05); the liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in T3 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the liver total antioxidant capacity (T⁃AOC) in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05); the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content in T2, T3 and T4 groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin can improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio, and the optimal supplemental level is 100 mg / kg. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Clinical Research. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Different Sources and Levels of Selenium on Growth Performance and Tissue Selenium Content of 10～11 months Porcupine

The objective of this experiment was to explore the effects of different sources and levels of selenium （Se） on growth performance and tissue Se content of 10～11 months porcupine.Eighty and 10-month-old porcupine with a similar body weight were assigned to 5 groups with 8 replicates of 2 porcupines each.The porcupine were fed a basal diet without Se complementation （control group） or the basal diet adding 0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of sodium selenite （group Ⅰ）,0.20 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅱ）,0.30 mg/kg Se in the form of yeast selenium （group Ⅲ） and 0.30 mg/kg mixed Se （0.15 mg/kg sodium selenite and 0.15 mg/kg yeast selenium）（group Ⅳ）,respectively.The pre-test period lasted for 7 days and the trial period lasted for 45 days.The results showed that compared with the control group,there was no significant differences in the average daily feed intake （ADFI） in each group （P＞0.05）,the average daily gain （ADG） in groups Ⅱ and Ⅲ was significantly increased （P＜0.05）,the feed/gain （F/G） in group Ⅲ was significant decreased （P＜0.05）.Compared with the control group,the concent of Se in liver and muscle of group Ⅲ was extremely significantly increased （P＜0.01）,the content of Se in liver and muscle of groups Ⅱ and Ⅳ was also significantly increased （P＜0.05 or P＜0.01）,and there was no significant difference in group Ⅰ（P＞0.05）.In conclusion,the basal diet supplemented with yeast selenium could improve the growth performance and increase the tissue Se concent in 10～11 months porcupine,and adding 0.30 mg/kg yeast selenium had the best effect.     

Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and nitrogen assimilation and utilization of Buchloe dactyloides北大核心CSCD

This research explored the nitrogen (N) uptake preference of Buchloe dactyloides, in order to improve the management of this species over the whole growth cycle. The experiment included two cultivars of B. dactyloides (‘Sundancer’ and ‘Texoka’) and four different N regimes (N0: No N as the control, N1: Urea, N2: Nitrate N, N3: Ammonium N and N4: a 1:1 mixture of nitrate N and ammonium N). The rate of N applied was 500 mg N·kg soil–1 in each case. It was found that total N content, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and shoot glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding mixed N (P<0.05). Shoot nitrate N content of B. dactyloides was significantly improved by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Root nitrate N and ammonium N contents of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding urea (P<0.05). The shoot ammonium N content and NR activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Shoot GS activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Root GOGAT activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Mixed N can better improve the physiological activity and promote the growth of B. dactyloides, but single nitrogen source will inhibit some nitrogen assimilase activity. Based on these results, it is recommended that 1:1 mixed nitrogen should be used as the nitrogen source in the production of B. dactyloides. Where the ammonium:nitrate is not 1:1, urea should be used as the nitrogen source. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of gibberellin and its inhibitors on growth and gene expression in Poa pratensis北大核心CSCD

研究了不同浓度的赤霉素及其抑制剂烯效唑和多效唑对草地早熟禾生长及赤霉素相关基因表达的影响,为外源生长调节剂在草坪养护管理中的高效利用提供理论依据。以1/2 Hogland营养液培养的草地早熟禾为材料,随机分成7组,分别施用不同浓度的赤霉素、烯效唑、多效唑,测定根及叶片的生长量、叶绿体分布、叶绿素含量以及赤霉素相关基因的表达量。结果显示：与对照比较,外源烯效唑和多效唑均显著抑制草地早熟禾的伸长生长以及干/鲜重,但提高了根冠比、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量（P<0.05）;增加了叶肉细胞层数,使叶绿体充满在叶片上下表皮之间的叶肉细胞中;赤霉素合成代谢途径关键酶基因PpKAO、PpKS1、PpGA₃ox、PpGA₂ox表达量显著下调,赤霉素信号转导受体蛋白基因PpGID1显著上调（P<0.05）。外源赤霉素对草地早熟禾的伸长生长具有促进作用,但降低了根、叶的干/鲜重,提高根冠比,显著提高了赤霉素分解基因PpGA₂ox表达量（P<0.05）。总之,烯效唑、多效唑对草地早熟禾生长发育及基因表达的调控作用与赤霉素相反,但无明显浓度效应;在草坪修剪后立即喷施1000倍的烯效唑或多效唑,对减少用工成本,增加草坪观赏性、提高园林绿化中的草坪草管护水平具有重要意义。