凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)维生素B1需要量的研究

本研究旨在探讨半纯化日粮中添加不同含晕的维生素B1(thiamine)对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)生长性能和生理生化指标的影响,评价凡纳滨对虾对维生素B1的需要量.以酪蛋白、明胶、鱼粉作为蛋白源,配制维生素B1含量分别为0.83、19.70,37.40、50.80、65.30、94.20、163.00和323.00mg/kg的8种半纯化日粮,选择初始体重(0.55±0.03)g的凡纳滨对虾虾苗960尾,随机分为8组,每组3个重复,每个重复40尾,分别连续投喂42d.结果显示,半纯化日粮中添加维生素B1能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的特定生长率和饲料效率(P<0.05).添加维牛素B1 19.70～50.80mg/kg能显著提高凡纳滨对虾的存活率(P<0.05).添加维生素B1对凡纳滨对虾的体成分和肝胰脏中的淀粉酶活性无显著影响(P>0.05).添加维生素B1 50.80mg/kg日粮组的血清转酮醇酶活性(TKA)最高,显著高于未添加(0.83mg/kg)组(P<0.05),与其他添加组间差异不显著(P>0.05).在本试验条件下,以生长性能和血清TKA为评价指标,通过折线模型分析得到凡纳滨对虾维生素B1需要量分别为23.90和23.70mg/kg日粮.     

饲料中添加大豆异黄酮对凡纳滨对虾（Litopenaeus vannamei）生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响

为研究饲料中添加大豆异黄酮对凡纳滨对虾生长、体组成及抗氧化能力的影响,以鱼粉、豆粕和花生饼为蛋白源,液体磷脂和鱼油为脂肪源,配制粗蛋白44%、粗脂肪8%的基础饲料,并在基础饲料中分别添加0 mg/kg(V1)、200 mg/kg(V2)和400 mg/kg(V3)的大豆异黄酮。3种实验饲料分别投喂初始体重0.78±0.01g的凡纳滨对虾8周。结果显示大豆异黄酮对凡纳滨对虾成活率和生长性能均未造成显著影响（P>0.05）。400 mg/kg大豆异黄酮组（V3）体组织灰分含量显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。凡纳滨对虾血清过氧化氢酶（CAT）活性随饲料大豆异黄酮的添加而升高,且V3组显著高于V1和V2组（P<0.05）。对虾肝胰腺超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性先升高后降低,V2组测得最高的肝胰脏SOD水平（P<0.05）。随大豆异黄酮添加,对虾肝胰腺丙二醛（MDA）含量逐渐降低,V2和V3组均显著低于对照组（P<0.05）。本实验结果表明,饲料中添加一定含量的大豆异黄酮具有改善凡纳滨对虾抗氧化能力的作用。     

Effects of Bile Acid on Growth Performance,Slaughter Performance and Lipid Metabolism of White Feather Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮添加胆汁酸对白羽肉鸡生长性能、屠宰性能和脂类代谢的影响。选取体况一致和体重接近的1日龄爱拔益加(AA)肉仔鸡240只,随机分为2个组,每组6个重复,每个重复20只鸡。对照组饲喂基础饲粮,试验组在基础饲粮中添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸。试验期42 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡1~42日龄料重比显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡屠宰率显著提高(P<0.05),腹脂率有降低趋势(P=0.071)。3)与对照组相比,试验组白羽肉鸡肝脏脂肪含量有降低趋势(P=0.054),血清谷草转氨酶活性显著降低(P<0.05),血清甘油三酯含量有降低趋势(P=0.090)。综上所述,在本试验条件下,饲粮添加300 mg/kg胆汁酸可以降低白羽肉鸡料重比,提高屠宰率,对脂类代谢有一定的改善作用。     

Effects of Weaning Age on Growth Performance,Digestion and Metabolism of Hu Sheep Lambs and Serum Hormone Contents of Ewes北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究断奶日龄对湖羊羔羊的生长性能、消化代谢及母羊血清激素含量的影响,以期为补饲代乳料条件下,湖羊羔羊早期断奶的可行性提供依据,并确定最佳断奶时间。选取出生日期相差不超过3 d、体况良好、健康无疾病的羔羊90只,将羔羊随机分为3组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。7日龄开始饲喂代乳料的情况下,分别于25日龄(试验Ⅰ组)、35日龄(试验Ⅱ组)、45日龄(对照组)断奶,试验期90 d。结果表明:1)在16~45日龄,试验Ⅰ组羔羊由于断奶应激,导致羔羊采食量减少,平均日增重低于试验Ⅱ组,且在31~45日龄,平均日增重显著低于对照组(P<0.05)。试验Ⅰ组平均日采食量分别比试验Ⅱ组高出5.09%(P<0.05),比对照组高出7.50%(P<0.05)。2)试验Ⅰ组的粗蛋白质(CP)表观消化率显著低于试验Ⅱ组与对照组(P<0.05),试验组湖羊羔羊的氮摄入量、净蛋白质利用率和蛋白质生物学价值指标与对照组相比差异显著(P<0.05)。3)断奶当天,试验Ⅰ组血清高密度脂蛋白胆固醇(HDL-C)的含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01),且试验Ⅱ组显著高于对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清低密度脂蛋白胆固醇(LDL-C)含量极显著高于对照组(P<0.01),显著高于试验Ⅱ组(P<0.05),试验Ⅰ组血清总胆固醇(TC)含量显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.05),试验Ⅱ组血清甘油三酯(TG)含量极显著高于试验Ⅰ组和对照组(P<0.01);90日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清葡萄糖(GLU)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05);断奶当天,试验Ⅱ组血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)活性显著高于对照组(P<0.05)。4)60日龄,试验Ⅱ组血清雌二醇(E2)含量显著高于对照组(P<0.05),而30日龄,试验Ⅰ组血清促乳素(PRL)含量极显著高于试验Ⅱ组和对照组(P<0.01)。5)试验Ⅰ组、试验Ⅱ组与对照组的羔羊成活率分别为76.67%、86.67%、90.00%。经综合评定,湖羊羔羊35日龄断奶是可行的。     

胆汁酸对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫代谢相关因子基因表达的影响北大核心

试验旨在探究胆汁酸(BA)对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、消化酶活性和免疫代谢相关因子基因表达的影响。选择450尾凡纳滨对虾,随机分为5组,每组3个重复,每个重复30只虾。对照组、0.5 g/kg组、1.0 g/kg组、2.0 g/kg组、4.0 g/kg组分别在基础饵料中添加0、0.5、1.0、2.0、4.0 g/kg的BA。试验期4周。结果显示,随着饵料中BA水平升高,对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)和成活率(SR)均呈先增加后降低的趋势,2.0 g/kg组、4.0 g/kg组对虾的WGR和SGR显著低于其他组(P<0.05),4.0 g/kg组对虾的SR显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。2.0 g/kg组、4.0 g/kg组对虾胃、肝胰腺、肠的蛋白酶活性以及肝胰腺和肠道的脂肪酶活性显著低于其他组(P<0.05)。与对照组相比,0.5 g/kg组、1.0 g/kg组对虾胃、肝胰腺、肠的脂肪酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),0.5 g/kg组及1.0 g/kg组对虾肝胰腺过氧化氢酶(CAT)、谷胱甘肽-S-转移酶(GST)、线粒体ATP合酶亚单位α前体(ATPase)、糜蛋白酶(chymotrypsin)的基因表达水平显著上调(P<0.05)。研究表明,BA可以提高对虾的生长性能、消化酶活性及免疫力,在对虾饵料中的适宜添加量为1.0 g/kg。     

Effects of Dietary Coated Sodium Butyrate on Growth Performance,Antioxidant Capacity and Inflammatory Response of Broilers under Cyclically Heat-Stress Condition北大核心CSCD

This experiment investigated the effects of dietary coated sodium butyrate (CSB) on the growth performance, antioxidant capacity and inflammatory response of broilers under cyclically heat-stress condition. The experiment selected 500 one-day-old Arbor Acres (AA) broilers, and when routine immunization and rearing to 21-day-old, four hundred and fifty healthy and similar body weight broilers were selected and randomly divided into 5 groups with 6 replicates per group and 15 chickens per replicate. Five groups were divided into one normal temperature group (NT group), one heat stress group (HS group) and three heat stress and adding CSB groups (HS+CSB groups) . Broilers in the NT group were raised in room temperature environment [(24± 2) °C], and fed a basal diet. Broilers in the HS group and HS+CSB groups were raised in a daily high temperature environment (28 °C -36 °C -28 °C), and fed diets supplemented with 0, 300, 600 and 900 mg / kg CSB in the basal diet, respectively. The experiment lasted for 14 d. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly reduced the average daily feed intake and average daily gain of broilers (P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain and average daily feed intake of broilers (P < 0.05), and the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the average daily gain of broilers compared with HS group (P<0.05) . 2) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress significantly or extremely significantly decreased serum glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase (SOD) activities and total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC) of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01), and significantly or extremely significantly increased serum lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) and creatine kinase (CK) activities and the content of malondialdehyde (MDA), α1-acidoglycoprotein (α1-AGP), endotoxin (ET) and thiobarbituric acid reactive substance (TBARS) (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum GSH-Px, CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC (P < 0. 05), and significantly or extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity and α1-AGP, ET and TBARS contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities (P<0.05), and extremely significantly decreased the serum LDH activity of broilers (P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly increased the serum CAT and SOD activities and T-AOC of broilers (P < 0. 05) . 3) Compared with the NT group, cyclically heat-stress extremely significantly increased the serum contents of pro-inflammatory cytokines interleukin-6 (IL-6), tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-8 (IL-8) of broilers (P<0.01) . Under the cyclically heat-stress condition, compared with the NT group, the addition of 900 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6, TNF-α, IL-1β and IL-8 contents of broilers (P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), and significantly increased serum transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) content (P<0.05); the addition of 600 mg / kg CSB significantly or extremely significantly reduced the serum IL-6 and TNF-α contents of broilers (P<0.05 or P<0.01); the addition of 300 mg / kg CSB significantly reduced the serum TNF-α content of broilers (P<0.05) . Above results indicate that the addition of CSB in the diet can improve the growth performance of broilers under the cyclically heat-stress condition by increasing the antioxidant capacity and alleviating the inflammatory response, and adding 900 mg / kg CSB to the diet in this experiment has the best effect. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Animal Science and Veterinary Medicine Co., Ltd. All rights reserved.     

凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中适宜钙和磷添加水平北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲料不同钙、磷添加水平对凡纳滨对虾(Litopenaeus vannamei)幼虾的生长性能、体成分、组织钙和磷水平和血清指标的影响。采用双因素试验设计,在钙添加水平为0、0.50%、1.00%的条件下,分别添加0、0.40%、0.80%、1.20%、1.60%的磷,配制15种不同钙和磷水平的试验饲料。将1 800尾初始重为(0.38±0.01)g的对虾随机分为15组,每组投喂1种试验饲料,每组3重复,每重复40尾虾。养殖8周。结果表明:1)饲料钙添加水平及钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的增重率(WGR)、特定生长率(SGR)、蛋白质效率(PER)和饲料系数(FCR)(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾的WGR、SGR、PER、FCR和存活率(SR)(P<0.01)。2)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的肌肉粗蛋白质(CP)、粗脂肪(CL)、粗灰分(Ash)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾的全虾CL、Ash的含量(P<0.05);饲料磷添加水平极显著影响对虾全虾CP、CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01);饲料钙添加水平与磷添加水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾全虾CL含量,肌肉CP、CL、Ash含量(P<0.01)。3)饲料钙添加水平和磷添加水平及二者的交互作用极显著影响对虾的全虾、肌肉、虾壳的钙和磷水平(P<0.01)。4)饲料钙添加水平极显著影响对虾的血清碱性磷酸酶(ALP)、酚氧化酶(PO)活性,钙离子(Ca2+)含量(P<0.01);饲料磷添加水平极显著的影响对虾血清ALP、PO的活性,胆固醇(CHOL)、甘油三酯(TG)、无机磷(IP)的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清Ca2+的含量(P<0.05);饲料钙添加水平与磷水平的交互作用极显著影响对虾的血清ALP活性,Ca2+、IP的含量(P<0.01),显著影响对虾血清TG含量(P<0.05)。在本试验条件下,以SGR为判断依据,通过二次回归曲线模型分析得出凡纳滨对虾幼虾饲料中钙和磷的适宜添加水平分别为1.00%和1.26%。     

Effects of Dietary Broussonetia papyrifera Leaves on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indexes,Intestinal Morphology and Cecal Microflora of Guangxi Sanhuang Chickens北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究饲粮中添加杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫器官指数、肠道组织形态及盲肠菌群的影响。选取120只健康的1日龄广西三黄鸡,随机分为4组,每组3个重复,每个重复10只。A组为对照组,饲喂不添加杂交构树叶的基础饲粮;B、C、D组分别在基础饲粮中添加3%、6%、9%的杂交构树叶,试验期为21 d。结果显示:与对照组相比,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对生长性能、血清生化指标以及肠道组织形态均无显著影响(P>0.05);饲粮中添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著提高法氏囊指数(P<0.05);饲粮中添加9%的杂交构树叶可显著提高血清中丙氨酸氨基转移酶(ALT)活性(P<0.05),显著降低平均日增重和脾脏指数(P<0.05),显著增加料重比(P<0.05)。肠道菌群分析显示,与对照组相比,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶对盲肠菌群的Alpha多样性指数无显著影响(P>0.05);在属水平上,饲粮添加6%的杂交构树叶可显著降低欧氏菌属(Olsenella)、理研菌科RC9肠道群(Rikenellaceae_RC9_gut_group)、norank_f_norank_o_Gastranaerophilales、norank_f_norank_o_RF39、脱硫弧菌属(Desulfovibrio)、norank_f_norank_o_Rhodospirillales的比例(P<0.05),同时显著增加另枝菌属(Alistipes)、乳杆菌属(Lactobacillus)、Sellimonas、Negativibacillus、厌氧棒状菌属(Anaerostipes)的比例(P<0.05)。综上所述,本试验条件下,饲粮中添加3%~6%的杂交构树叶对广西三黄鸡的生长性能、血清生化指标、免疫性能、肠道组织形态均无负面影响,且添加6%的杂交构树叶还可以提高广西三黄鸡的法氏囊指数,改善盲肠菌群结构。     

Effects of Dietary Sodium Acetate on Lactation Performance and Rumen Microbiota of Dairy Goats北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary sodium acetate on lactation performance and rumen microbiota of dairy goats. Fifteen healthy Xinong Saanen dairy goat ewes with similar body weight of (53.54±3.07) kg, the same parity (2 parities) and in mid-lactation [(60±5) d] were randomly divided into 3 groups with 5 replicates in each group. Dairy goats in the control group were fed a basal diet, and those in the experimental groups were fed the basal diet supplemented with 30 (experimental group I) and 60 g/ (d.head) (experimental group II) sodium acetate, respectively. The pre-trial period lasted for 7 days and the experimental period lasted for 21 days. The milk yield of dairy goats was recorded during the experiment. At the end of the experiment, milk samples were collected to analyze the changes in milk composition, and rumen contents of dairy goats were collected from two groups (control group and experimental group II) with significant differences in milk fat percentage. Gas chromatography and 16S rDNA sequencing technology were used to analyze the rumen fermentation parameters and rumen microbial composition and structure of dairy goats. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with the control group, dietary sodium acetate extremely significantly increased the daily milk yield of dairy goats (P<0.01), and the daily milk yield in experimental groups I and II was increased by 0.29 and 0.22 kg, respectively (P<0.01); in experimental group II, the milk fat percentage was significantly increased by 1.30 percentage points (P<0.01), and the non-fat solid content in milk was increased by 3.10% (P>0.05). 2) Compared with the control group, the rumen butyric acid content of dairy goats in experimental group II was significantly decreased (P<0.01), and there was no significant difference in rumen pH, the other volatile fatty acid content and acetic acid to propionic acid ratio (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the control group, the Sobs index, Chao1 index and Ace index of rumen microbiota in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05); the results of similarity analysis (ANOSIM) also showed that there were significant differences in the structure of rumen microbiota between the two groups (P<0.05). 16S rDNA sequencing results showed that at the phylum level, Bacteroidetes and Firmicutes were the dominant phyla in the rumen of the two groups of dairy goats; at the genus level, Prevotella_1 was the dominant genus in the rumen. Compared with the control group, the relative abundances of Ruminococcus_1, Ruminococcaceae_UCG-005, Prevotellaceae_UCG-004 and Lachnoclostridium_12 in rumen of dairy goats in experimental group II were significantly increased (P<0.05), while the relative abundances of Succiniclasticum and Methanobrevibacter in rumen was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 4) The results of correlation analysis showed that rumen microbiota was correlated with daily milk yield, milk fat percentage, milk protein percentage and non-fat solid content of dairy goats. In conclusion, dietary 60 g/ (d.head) sodium acetate can significantly increase the daily milk yield and milk fat percentage, significantly reduce rumen butyrate content, and improve the lactation performance of dairy goats by improving rumen microbial composition and structure. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Quercetin on Growth Performance,Digestive Enzyme Activities,Immune and Antioxidant Functions of Cyprinus carpio北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of different dietary levels of quercetin on growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio. Three hundred juvenile Cyprinus carpio with an initial body weight of (26.00±0.50) g were randomly divided into 5 groups with 3 replicates per group and 20 fish per replicate. The control group (T1 group) was fed a basal diet, and the experimental groups were fed the basal diets supplemented with 50 (T2 group), 100 (T3 group), 200 (T4 group) and 400 mg/ kg (T5 group) quercetin, respectively. The experiment lasted for 8 weeks. The results showed as follows: 1) compared with T1 group, the final body weight of juvenile Cypri⁃ nus carpio in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P < 0. 05), the weight gain rate and specific growth rate in T3 group were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the feed coefficient in all experimental groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05), which in T3 group was the lowest. With the specific growth rate as the evaluation index, according to the cubic regression model analysis, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin in the diet for Cyprinus carpio was 124.02 mg/ kg. 2) The activities of intestinal protease, lipase and amylase in T3 group were significantly higher than those in the other groups (P<0.05). 3) Compared with T1 group, the serum acid phosphatase (ACP) activity and complement 3 (C3) content in T3 group were signifi⁃ cantly increased (P<0.05); the serum complement 4 (C4) content in T3 group was the highest, and signifi⁃ cantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the serum lysozyme (LZM) activity and immunoglobu⁃ lin M (IgM) content in T3 and T4 groups were significantly increased (P<0.05), and the serum LZM activity in T3 group was significantly higher than that in T4 group (P<0.05). 4) Compared with T1 group, the activi⁃ ties of liver superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT) in T3 group were significantly increased (P< 0.05); the liver glutathione peroxidase (GPX) activity in T3 group was the highest, and significantly higher than that in the other groups (P<0.05); the liver total antioxidant capacity (T⁃AOC) in T3 and T4 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05); the liver malondialdehyde (MDA) content in T2, T3 and T4 groups was significantly decreased (P<0.05). In conclusion, the optimal supplemental level of quercetin can improve the growth performance, digestive enzyme activities, immune and antioxidant functions of juvenile Cyprinus carpio, and the optimal supplemental level is 100 mg / kg. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Clinical Research. All rights reserved.     

Effects of nitrogen forms on growth and nitrogen assimilation and utilization of Buchloe dactyloides北大核心CSCD

This research explored the nitrogen (N) uptake preference of Buchloe dactyloides, in order to improve the management of this species over the whole growth cycle. The experiment included two cultivars of B. dactyloides (‘Sundancer’ and ‘Texoka’) and four different N regimes (N0: No N as the control, N1: Urea, N2: Nitrate N, N3: Ammonium N and N4: a 1:1 mixture of nitrate N and ammonium N). The rate of N applied was 500 mg N·kg soil–1 in each case. It was found that total N content, root nitrate reductase (NR) activity, glutamine synthetase (GS) activity and shoot glutamate synthase (GOGAT) activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding mixed N (P<0.05). Shoot nitrate N content of B. dactyloides was significantly improved by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Root nitrate N and ammonium N contents of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding urea (P<0.05). The shoot ammonium N content and NR activity of B. dactyloides were significantly improved by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Shoot GS activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding ammonium N (P<0.05). Root GOGAT activity of B. dactyloides was significantly reduced by adding nitrate N (P<0.05). Mixed N can better improve the physiological activity and promote the growth of B. dactyloides, but single nitrogen source will inhibit some nitrogen assimilase activity. Based on these results, it is recommended that 1:1 mixed nitrogen should be used as the nitrogen source in the production of B. dactyloides. Where the ammonium:nitrate is not 1:1, urea should be used as the nitrogen source. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Dietary Tributyrin on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices,Immune Function and Antioxidant Capacity of Juvenile Yellow Catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco)北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to investigate the effects of dietary tributyrin on growth performance, serum biochemical indices, immunity function and antioxidant capacity of juvenile yellow catfish (Pelteobagrus fulvidraco). A total of 480 juvenile yellow catfish with an initial body weight of (5.53±0.02) g were selected and randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates in each group, and 40 fish in each replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipid experimental diets were fed with 0 (G0), 500 (G1), 1 000 (G2) and 2 000 mg/kg (G3) triglyceride, respectively. The experiment lasted for 56 days. The results showed as follows: 1) weight gain rate and feed efficiency rate in G2 group were significantly higher than those in other groups (P<0.05). The fatness in G1 group was significantly lower than that in G0 and G3 groups (P<0.05), but there was no significant difference between G1 group and G2 group (P>0.05). 2) The serum glucose content in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), and there were no significant differences in the serum contents of total protein, albumin, globulin, triglyceride, urea nitrogen and the activities of alanine aminotransferase and aspartate aminotransferase among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with G0 group, serum lysozyme activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), serum alkaline phosphatase activity in G1 and G2 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum immunoglobulin M content in G2 group was significantly higher than that in G3 group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference in serum complement C3 content among all groups (P>0.05). 4) Compared with G0 group, serum total antioxidant capacity in G1 group was significantly increased (P<0.05), and serum super-oxide dismutase activity in G1, G2 and G3 groups was significantly increased (P<0.05). The serum catalase activity in G3 group was significantly higher than that in G0, G1 and G2 groups (P<0.05), but there were no significant differences in serum glutathione peroxidase activity, glutathione and malondialdehyde contents among all groups (P>0.05). In conclusion, dietary supplementation of 500 to 2 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve non-specific immune and antioxidant capacity of yellow catfish, and dietary supplementation of 1 000 mg/kg triglyceride can significantly improve weight gain rate and feed efficiency of yellow catfish. Combined with the comprehensive evaluation of growth performance, serum immunity and antioxidant indexes, the optimal supplemental level of triglyceride in yellow catfish diet is 1 000 mg/kg. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.     

发酵软颗粒饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清指标、肝胰腺和肠道形态以及肠道菌群的影响北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究发酵软颗粒饲料对凡纳滨对虾生长性能、血清指标、肝胰腺和肠道形态以及肠道菌群的影响。选用300只健康、规格一致[(3.35±0.08)g]的凡纳滨对虾,随机分成2组,每组3个重复,每个重复50只。对照组饲喂基础饲料,试验组饲喂用发酵软颗粒饲料替代5%基础饲料的试验饲料。发酵软颗粒饲料以配合颗粒饲料为发酵底物,利用由鼠李糖乳杆菌(Lactobacillus rhamnosus)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae)和索氏鲸杆菌(Cetobacterium somerae)复配的发酵菌剂进行发酵制备而成。试验期6周。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,试验组凡纳滨对虾增重率、特定生长率和成活率显著提高(P<0.05),饲料系数显著降低(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,试验组凡纳滨对虾血清酸性磷酸酶和溶菌酶活性显著提高(P<0.05),血清丙二醛含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)肝胰腺切片观察显示,试验组凡纳滨对虾肝胰腺中肝小体排列紧密,肝小体之间基底膜完整,B细胞和R细胞数量较为丰富;而对照组肝胰腺中肝小体排列松散,基底膜脱落,B细胞有损伤,R细胞和E细胞数量减少。中肠切片观察显示,试验组肠上皮细胞游离面的绒毛排列更为整齐、紧密,且绒毛高度明显高于对照组。4)主坐标分析(PCoA)和非度量多维尺度(NMDS)分析结果显示,试验组凡纳滨对虾肠道菌群与对照组有显著差异(P<0.05)。菌群组成分析表明,与对照组相比,试验组肠道未分类_f_红杆菌科(unclassified_f_Rhodobacteraceae)和鲁杰氏菌属(Ruegeria)的相对丰度有所提高,肠道未分类_f_黄杆菌科(unclassified_f_Flavobacteriaceae)的相对丰度有所降低。综上所述,发酵软颗粒饲料能够提高凡纳滨对虾生长性能,增强免疫力,调节肠道菌群组成,维持肝胰腺和肠道健康。     

Effects of Antimicrobial Peptides and Chinese Herbal Medicine Additives on Growth Performance,Serum Biochemical Indices and Intestinal Morphology of Broilers北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究抗菌肽和中草药添加剂对肉鸡生长性能、血清生化指标和肠道形态的影响。选用600只体重相近的10日龄麻黄肉鸡作为试验动物,随机分成4个组,分别为对照组(饲喂基础饲粮)、抗菌肽组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽)、中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg中草药添加剂)和抗菌肽+中草药组(饲喂基础饲粮+200 mg/kg抗菌肽和200 mg/kg中草药添加剂),每组6个重复,每个重复25只鸡。试验期47 d。结果表明:1)与对照组相比,10~21日龄,抗菌肽组和抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡10~21日龄平均日采食量显著提高(P<0.05);22~43日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),试验组平均日采食量和料重比均显著降低(P<0.05),但抗菌肽+中草药组死亡率显著提高(P<0.05);44~56日龄,抗菌肽组和中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量和平均日增重显著提高(P<0.05),料重比显著降低(P <0.05),而抗菌肽+中草药组肉鸡平均日采食量显著降低(P<0.05),死亡率显著提高(P<0.05)。2)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡血清球蛋白含量显著提高(P<0.05),试验组血清丙二醛和D-乳酸含量显著降低(P<0.05)。3)与对照组相比,抗菌肽组肉鸡十二指肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05),中草药组和抗菌肽+中草药组十二指肠绒毛高度显著提高(P<0.05);抗菌肽+中草药组空肠绒毛高度和绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度和隐窝深度显著降低(P<0.05),回肠绒毛高度/隐窝深度值显著提高(P<0.05)。综上所述,饲粮添加200 mg/kg抗菌肽或中草药添加剂可以显著提高22~56日龄麻黄肉鸡生长性能,降低血清D-乳酸含量,同时改善小肠形态结构,但两者不宜混合使用。     

Effects of gibberellin and its inhibitors on growth and gene expression in Poa pratensis北大核心CSCD

研究了不同浓度的赤霉素及其抑制剂烯效唑和多效唑对草地早熟禾生长及赤霉素相关基因表达的影响,为外源生长调节剂在草坪养护管理中的高效利用提供理论依据。以1/2 Hogland营养液培养的草地早熟禾为材料,随机分成7组,分别施用不同浓度的赤霉素、烯效唑、多效唑,测定根及叶片的生长量、叶绿体分布、叶绿素含量以及赤霉素相关基因的表达量。结果显示：与对照比较,外源烯效唑和多效唑均显著抑制草地早熟禾的伸长生长以及干/鲜重,但提高了根冠比、叶绿素a、叶绿素b及类胡萝卜素含量（P<0.05）;增加了叶肉细胞层数,使叶绿体充满在叶片上下表皮之间的叶肉细胞中;赤霉素合成代谢途径关键酶基因PpKAO、PpKS1、PpGA₃ox、PpGA₂ox表达量显著下调,赤霉素信号转导受体蛋白基因PpGID1显著上调（P<0.05）。外源赤霉素对草地早熟禾的伸长生长具有促进作用,但降低了根、叶的干/鲜重,提高根冠比,显著提高了赤霉素分解基因PpGA₂ox表达量（P<0.05）。总之,烯效唑、多效唑对草地早熟禾生长发育及基因表达的调控作用与赤霉素相反,但无明显浓度效应;在草坪修剪后立即喷施1000倍的烯效唑或多效唑,对减少用工成本,增加草坪观赏性、提高园林绿化中的草坪草管护水平具有重要意义。     

Effects of Lactic Acid Bacteria and Fructooligosaccharides on Growth Performance,Nutrient Digestibility and Serum Biochemical Indices of Arctic Foxes (Alopex lagopus) during Early Growth Period北大核心CSCD

This experiment was conducted to study the effects of dietary lactic acid bacteria (LAB) and fructooligosaccharides (FOS) on growth performance, nutrient digestibility and serum biochemical indices of Arctic foxes (Alopex lagopus) during early growth period. Sixty male post-litter Arctic foxes with the average body weight of (1.16±0.15) kg and at the age of (45±3) days were randomly assigned to 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 5 foxes per replicate. The foxes were fed the following diets, respectively: basal diet (control group), basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB (LAB group), basal diet+5 g / kg FOS (FOS group) and basal diet+3×109 CFU / kg LAB+5 g / kg FOS (LAB+FOS group). The experiment lasted for 30 days. The results showed as follows: 1) on the days 1 to 15, the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB group and LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05). On the days 16 to 30, the average daily gain of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); the diarrhea rate of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly lower than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05); compared with the FOS group, the feed to gain ratio of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased (P<0.05). 2) The dry matter digestibility of foxes in the LAB + FOS group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P < 0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB group (P>0.05). There were no significant differences in nitrogen intake, fecal nitrogen, urine nitrogen, nitrogen deposition, net protein utilization and protein biological value among all groups (P>0.05). 3) Serum total protein (TP) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly higher than that in the FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with control group and LAB group (P>0.05). Serum albumin (ALB) content of foxes in the LAB group was significantly higher than that in the control group and FOS group (P<0.05), but had no significant difference with LAB+ FOS group (P>0.05). Serum urea nitrogen (UN) content of foxes in the LAB+FOS group was significantly decreased compared with the control group (P < 0. 05). In conclusion, the combined supplementation of 3 × 109 CFU / kg LAB and 5 g / kg FOS in the diet is beneficial to reduce diarrhea rate, improve dry matter digestibility, improve body immune level, and promote the growth of Arctic foxes during early growth period. © 2023 Chinese Journal of Urology. All rights reserved.     

Effects of altitude and variety on nutrient levels and epiphytes of oats北大核心CSCD

Oat crops are a major animal feed source in the Qinghai-Tibetan plateau and nearby areas. Typically,the crops are used for making silage rather than hay because of frequent rain at harvest in autumn. However,there is little data on how the yield,forage quality and levels of epiphytes that may affect silage quality of different oat varieties are affected by altitude. Therefore,four oat varieties（Longyan No. 3,Longyan No. 5,Baiyan No. 2 and Bayou No. 3） were planted in 8 localities forming an altitude gradient： Huangzhong （2295 m）,Tianzhu （2797 m）,Shandan （2860 m）,Hezuo （2957 m）,Haiyan （3052 m）,Maqu （3474 m）,Maqin （3765 m）and Chengduo （4217 m）. Measurements included crop yield and dry matter （DM）,water soluble carbohydrate （WSC）,crude protein （CP）,neutral detergent fiber （NDF）and acid detergent fiber （ADF）contents,and counts of lactic acid bacteria （LAB）,molds,yeasts and aerobic bacteria. It was found that there were significant altitude and variety effects on fresh yield,nutritional quality and microbial epiphyte counts. With increase in altitude,fresh yield,WSC,NDF and LAB counts increased（P<0.05）,as much as 284. 00%,15. 49%,10.81% and 11.60% increment were observed at Chengduo site than that at Huangzhong,respectively;meanwhile DM,CP and yeast and mold counts were reduced by 15. 67%,36.27%,23.53% and 7.75% at Chengduo compared with Huangzhong site,respectively. Among the four tested varieties,Longyan No. 5 had the highest fresh yield （75605 kg·ha−1）,WSC （201.4 g·kg-1 DM） and NDF （604. 2 g·kg-1 DM） at the Chengduo site,followed by Longyan No. 3. The highest CP （119.7 g· kg-1 DM） and mold counts （4.12 lg cfu·g-1 FM） were observed in Baiyan No. 2 at the Huangzhong site. Bayou No. 3 produced the highest LAB and yeast counts at Maqin and Chengduo sites. In general,Longyan No. 3 and Longyan No. 5 gave better performance at sites above 3000 m altitude;for sites below 3000 m,the four tested varieties were all found to be suitable for silage production. © 2022 Editorial Office of Acta Prataculturae Sinica. All rights reserved.     

Effects of Low Crude Protein Level Diet Based on Corn-Peanut Meal on Growth Performance and Nitrogen Utilization of Chinese Yellow Chickens at 1 to 21 Days of Age北大核心CSCD

本试验旨在研究基于玉米-花生仁饼型低粗蛋白质(CP)水平饲粮对1~21日龄黄羽肉鸡生长性能和氮利用率的影响。选取1日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡1920只(公母各占1/2),公、母鸡各按体重一致原则随机分为4组(每组6个重复,每个重复40只)。4个组的饲粮CP水平分别为22.5%、21.5%、20.5%和19.5%。试验期21 d。结果表明:1)饲粮不同水平CP和性别对21日龄肉鸡末重和1~21日龄平均日增重(ADG)均有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著交互作用(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组ADG均显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05),饲粮CP水平对肉鸡ADG的影响具有显著线性效应(P<0.05)。22.5%CP组公鸡ADG最高,显著高于其他3个CP水平组(P<0.05),21.5%CP组公鸡ADG也显著高于20.5%CP组和19.5%CP组(P<0.05);22.5%CP组和21.5%CP组母鸡ADG均显著高于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。2)饲粮不同水平CP对肉鸡料重比(F/G)有显著影响(P<0.05)且具有显著的线性效应(P<0.05);22.5%CP组F/G最低,显著低于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05);21.5%CP组F/G显著低于19.5%CP组(P<0.05)。3)饲粮不同水平CP均对肉鸡氮利用率有显著影响(P<0.05)。21.5%CP组肉鸡氮利用率最高,显著高于其他3个水平CP组(P<0.05),19.5%CP组氮利用率也显著高于20.5%CP组(P<0.05)。由此可见,以玉米-花生仁饼为基础饲粮,低CP水平饲粮中尽管补充添加了晶体氨基酸,但是还是会影响公鸡生长。1~21日龄快速型岭南黄羽肉鸡母鸡饲粮CP水平可以降低1~2个百分点。建议将公、母鸡分开饲养,以实现对其营养的精准调控,提高氮利用率,降低氮排放。     

Effects of Faba Bean Supplementation on Growth Performance,Intestinal Digestive Enzyme Activities,Intestinal Morphology and Intestinal Flora of Tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus)北大核心CSCD

This study was conducted to investigate the effects of faba bean supplementation on the growth performance, intestinal digestive enzyme activities, intestinal morphology and intestinal flora of tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus). A total of 600 genetic improvement of farmed tilapia with an initial body weight of (500.23± 0.34) g were randomly divided into 4 groups with 3 replicates per group and 50 fish per replicate. Four isonitrogenous and isolipidic experimental diets containing 0 (C0 group, as control), 15% (C15 group), 30% (C30 group) and 60% (C60 group) faba bean were fed to fish during the 100-d feeding trial. Results showed as follows: 1) there were no significant differences in the weight gain rate, specific growth rate, feed coefficient ratio and hepatosomatic index among the groups (P>0.05), the protein efficiency ratio and survival rate in C60 group were significantly higher than those in C0 and C15 groups (P<0.05). 2) There were no significant differences in the activities of amylase, lipase and trypsin among the groups (P>0.05). 3) Compared with the C0 group, the C15, C30 and C60 groups had significantly lower intestinal villus height, villus thickness and muscle thickness (P<0.05). 4) The Simpson index of intestinal flora of tilapia in C15, C30 and C60 groups was lower than that in C0 group, and the difference was significant between C30 and C0 groups (P< 0.05). 5) The intestinal core flora of the four groups of tilapia were mainly Cyanobacteria, Actinobacteriota, Firmicutes, Proteobacteria and Fusobacteriota. Compared with the C0 group, the relative abundance of Proteobacteria in C15, C30 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05), and the relative abundances of Fusobacteriota and Cetobacterium in C15 and C60 groups had a significant reduction (P<0.05). To conclude, under the conditions of isonitrogenous and isolipidic, diets supplemented with 15% to 60% faba bean have no significant effects on the growth performance and intestinal digestive enzyme activities of tilapia, but can significantly reduce the intestinal villi height, villus width and muscle thickness, decrease the relative abundance of Proteobacteria and the diversity of intestinal flora. © 2023 Authors. All rights reserved.