甘蔗制糖清净过程中过滤速度的研究

本文研究了复合石灰粉和生石灰粉二种加工助剂对甘蔗制糖低硫无磷清净工艺过程中过滤速度的影响.通过人工神经网络处理实验结果,获得了低硫无磷制糖清净工艺过滤速度的建模方程和最佳工艺条件为:预灰pH=6.30,1％聚二甲基二烯丙基氯化铵用量为6.50mL/L,焦亚硫酸钠用量为1.05g/L,中和反应pH=8.30,0.1％聚丙烯酰胺用量为3.0mL/L.结果表明,使用复合石灰粉的过滤速度优于生石灰粉,符合甘蔗制糖清净工艺使用要求.     

糖用絮凝剂实验室评价及使用量确定

引言将絮凝技术引入制糖生产中，有效地改进了制糖生产效果，成为近代制糖技术进步的主要标志之一。近年来，絮凝剂在制糖生产中的应用对提高清汁质量，改善泥汁的过滤起到了重要作用。随着高分子聚合物的发展，新型絮凝剂不断出现，在制糖生产中广泛采用的聚丙烯酰胺的发...     

百色甘化过滤系统的现状及改进的思考

澄清工段在制糖生产中至关重要，过滤又是该工段比较主要的工序。本文主要针对百色甘化股份有限公司过滤系统的现状进行简要分析，并对其过滤面积进行相关恒算，提出初步构想，希望能较好地改进目前存在的问题，为今后更好地搞好生产提出建议。     

浅谈三维制图对制糖生产的促进作用

在制糖企业中,制糖工艺一直处于主导地位,制糖工艺的改进也一直是推动制糖行业前进的动力,当然制糖工艺的改进离不开制糖设备这个基础,制糖设备的改进是制糖工艺得以很好实现的保障.文章就三维制图对制糖设备的改进提供技术支持,并以此促进制糖工艺的进步.     

蔗汁澄清工艺技术和设备存在问题及其更新应用效果

澄清工序是甘蔗制糖生产的关键工艺,由于其操作过程的特殊性和对环境要求较高,一直以来均是制糖行业改革的难点。自20世纪80年代以来,我国多数糖厂澄清工序一直沿用传统的工艺和设备,存在澄清效率低、能耗高和操作环境差等问题。近几年来,随着制糖工艺的不断发展,糖厂澄清工序也在不断改革创新。在引进先进的澄清工艺技术和设备后,澄清工序的操作环境得到了较大改善,但澄清效率不高的问题依然存在。文章通过对国内外糖厂澄清工序工艺技术进行调研和分析,结合广西糖业集团达华制糖有限公司现有的生产工艺流程和设备条件,探讨甘蔗糖厂实施澄清工序提质增效的可行性,为提高制糖企业经济效益和社会效益及改革制糖行业的传统澄清工艺提供有益借鉴。     

制麦工艺对过滤速度影响的试验

本文从制麦工艺方面初步探索了不同浸麦方法，外源混合植物激素、叶芽伸长度和不同焙燥工艺对麦芽过滤速度的影响。     

普洱茶饮料微滤澄清技术研究

为了确定普洱茶饮料过滤澄清的最佳工艺参数，研究了不同孔径微滤膜在不同操作条件下过滤澄清普洱茶提取液的渗透通量及普洱茶液过滤后主要滋味成分含量的变化。结果表明，采用0．2μm微滤膜能截留大部分易发生沉淀的高分子物质，可显著提高普洱茶提取液的澄清度。在最佳的操作条件下茶汁有效风味成分的保留率高，且感观品质也佳。     

制糖新科技资料上网

应广西糖业网 (网址ｗｗｗ．ｇｘｓｕｇａｒ．ｃｏｍ)的邀请 ,我国制糖专家霍汉镇先生在该网站提供制糖科技新资料 ,主要内容有 :低温磷浮制糖工艺、白砂糖质量、精糖及各种高级糖产品、亚硫酸法工艺及设备、节能技术、膜分离技术及应用、离子交换和活性炭等。并拟开辟“生产技术问题分析与处理”专栏 ,与广大制糖工作者进行分析讨论。查询方法是打开广西糖业网 ,在“专家主页”点击“霍汉镇高工主页”制糖新科技资料上网     

碳法制糖滤泥在甘蔗等作物上的应用

研究、探讨了采用碳法制糖废异滤泥改土或直接铺放蔗地代土种植甘蔗等作物的应用情况、存在的问题和前景。结果表明:施用碳法滤泥投入少,产值高,省肥省工,见效快,实现碳酸法制糖企业固体废异物资源化利用,有效地解决制糖工业排放的滤泥污染问题,为制糖工业走循环经济发展之路迈出新的一步。     

对取消二次硫熏引发问题的探讨

对取消亚法制糖工艺中二次硫熏后，引发白砂糖加快变色的问题探讨。     

稻麦双晚对病虫草发生的影响及解决措施

随着早熟晚粳、中熟晚粳广泛种植,水稻轻型省力栽培方式旱直播的推广,病虫也发生了变化,成熟期显著推迟,下茬无法在适宜播期种植,影响粮食丰产稳产。提出筛选早熟当家品种、大力推广机插秧、加大粮食烘干设备的投入、合理施肥、精准植保等对策。     

加强闽台科技合作交流发展我省甘蔗业

概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants

Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified.     

大豆几种常见病虫草害的诊断与防治

1大豆花叶病毒病 大豆病毒病（Soybean Mosaic Virus,SMV）是世界性病害之一。我国东北地区已鉴定的有5种,即大豆花叶病、顶枯病、蚕豆萎蔫病、南方菜豆花叶病、花生条纹病毒。其中大豆花叶病在全国大豆主要产区都有发生,十分常见。     

大豆根潜蝇及根腐病的发生与防治

近年来，随着大豆播种面积的增长，受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇（又名根明）与根腐病共同发生危害，严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作，适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。     

Tuber and starch quality of wild and cultivated potato species and cultivars

Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules.     

Yield and quality of winter and spring triticales for forage and grain

In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types.     

种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考

种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键，是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中，受制于行业发展水平，种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程，提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要，在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上，分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求，加强种业应用性研究，建立先进的种子质量检验体系，研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备，打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系，完善种业科学技术学科建设，促进种业产业持续健康发展。     

Effects of Organic and Chemical Fertilizers and Arbuscular Mycorrhizal Inoculation on Growth and Quality of Cucumber and Lettuce

Summary

Arbuscular mycorrhizae were inoculated into phosphorus-deficient soil fertilized with either organic or chemical fertilizer with cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) as the first crop and lettuce (Lactu-ca sativa L.) as the second crop but without additional fertilization and AM inoculation. AM increased dry matter and fruit yield of cucumber significantly in the unfertilized, organic-fertilized and P-deficient plants compared with the fully chemical-fertilized plants. AM inoculation increased the available phosphorus in plant and soil by around 30% for all treatments except for those chemically-fertilized. The rate of AM infection did not differ significantly among the fertilization treatments, but the infection intensity was higher in unfertilized, organic-fertilized and phosphorus-deficient treatments than chemical-fertilized treatment. The residual effects of AM-inoculated to cucumber were evident for lettuce in all pre-treatments that were unfertilized and un-inoculated for the second cropping. Without P-fertilization, neither crop could grow optimally even when the soil was inoculated with AM, suggesting that AM could not serve as a substitute for phosphorus fertilizer. However, the other beneficial effects of AM on crop growth and yield could not be fulfilled with phosphorus fertilizer.