Determinants of illegal logging in Indonesia: An empirical analysis for the period 1996–2010

Illegal logging is a significant problem in Indonesia, which is one of the few countries with a large forest area. In this study, we investigate the factors that affect harvesting and supply of illegal timber from Indonesia to China and Japan. Moreover, we investigate the factors that lead to the demand of Indonesian illegal timber from China and Japan. A simultaneous-equation econometric model of illegally logged timber demand and supply is developed and tested using the annual data over the period 1996–2010. We find that corruption and decentralization in Indonesia have significant and positive impacts on the illegally logged timber supply while excess demand in Japanese construction and furniture industries as well as Japan’s housing starts are the significant factors that affect the illegal logging in Indonesia. The law enforcement or policies aimed at reducing illegal harvesting in Indonesia are found to be more effective than the policies targeting the import of illegally logged timber into Japan and China.     

我国木质结构材产品认证适应性SWOT分析

采用SWOT分析法阐述我国实施木质结构材产品认证适应性,分析在我国实施木质结构材产品认证具有的优势和劣势,面临的机会与威胁。分析表明:在我国实施木质结构材产品认证制度,符合我国认证体制要求和木结构产业发展趋势,为顺利实施认证制度,需增强产品认证信用保证功能,建立结构材产品使用准入机制,提升木质结构材生产企业管理和认知水平。     

生态养老背景下木结构建筑发展探析

木结构建筑具有自然舒适、绿色环保、节能保温以及防震减灾等特点,在生态养老领域具有很好的发展前景。介绍了木结构建筑概况,分析了老年人的生态养老需求,从适老化、绿色智能和文旅康养等方面,对木结构老年建筑发展进行展望与讨论,提出了完善相关标准规范和政策建议,为促进我国木结构老年建筑发展提供参考。     

我国发展木结构房屋的前景分析

本文简要介绍了国内外木质结构房屋的发展状况。结合实际国情分析了我国发展木结构房屋的优势以及存在的问题 ,认为目前我国发展木结构建筑的市场潜力很大 ,但真正的开发需要一个过程 ,尚有许多问题有待解决。     

定向结构刨花板与其它人造板的比较

通过对定向结构刨花板与其它人造板就原料、生产特点、产品性能、价格和用途的比较，认为定向结构刨花板以小径材为主要原料，适应当前我国木材原料结构的变化。产品可替代结构胶合板，用于建筑业作墙体构件，室内装饰、列车与轮船的内部装饰件、家具、混凝土模板等，发展前途广阔。     

明清时期木结构建筑风格分析及其保护

我国木结构建筑历史悠久。分析了明清时期建筑物类型以及木结构建筑的规模、构造特点等,阐述了明清木结构建筑文化元素,并结合这些分析对当代建筑以及古建筑保护等方面提出了建议,旨在为木结构建筑的保护和相关设计提供参考。     

Tropical Timber Trade Flows in P.R. China

The historical transition of timber distribution pattern in China was presented firstly with main parts of timber flows in China, which included timber markets, timber transport system and regulations of timber transport. Based on the overview on tropical timber flows in China, the trade flows of tropical timber from production and imports of tropical timber to export of tropical timber products were analyzed by vivid illustrations. At the same time, problems in timber trade flows in China were analysed in the end.     

展平竹与木材正交胶合材性能研究进展

因我国天然林禁伐,人工速生林木材和竹材成为当前木材加工利用的主要原材料,但人工速生林材质不及天然林材质,且竹材也存在截面尺寸小、用胶量大、原料利用率低等缺点.展平竹与木材正交胶合材(CLBT)由展平竹材和人工林锯材层板正交层叠制成,充分发挥了竹材优异力学性能与木材易加工等优势,既保留竹子和木材的天然纹理与结构特性,又克...     

浅谈利用小径木制作木结构房屋

通过小径木的力学性能分析，确定小径木可以作为新式木结构房屋的主要建筑用材，从而拓展了小径材在建筑行业的应用领域，使低价值的小径木原材料变成高附加值的建筑产品。     

Lateral performance of a semi-rigid timber frame structure: theoretical analysis and experimental study

Semi-rigidness of the joint connections is one of the main characteristics of timber structures. The pin-joint assumption for the semi-rigid joint connections might be not conservative in the timber structural design. In this paper, structural analysis was conducted on a semi-rigid timber portal frame; the formulas were derived in terms of the internal force and the lateral stiffness, and the influence of the semi-rigid connections was discussed. Moreover, experimental tests were performed on three full-scale timber portal frames and five bolted timber connections to study the lateral performance of the frames and the moment resistance of the connections. For consistency, the connections from the portal frames and the connections for bending tests were of the same configuration. Finally, a calculation flowchart of the lateral performance on a semi-rigid frame was presented to verify the derived formulas and to show a framework of the lateral structural design process.     

中国木材进口需求材种结构数量关系分析

文中采用近乎理想的需求系统模型,分析中国木材进口需求的结构性特征及各材种之间的经济学关系。研究发现:进口针叶材的支出弹性明显高于阔叶材,说明进口木材消费规模的扩大将在更大程度上带动针叶材需求;针叶锯材进口需求富有弹性而其他商品进口需求缺乏弹性,尤其是阔叶原木进口需求曲线最为陡峭;不同材种之间的交叉价格弹性为负值,同一材种之间的交叉价格弹性为正值,说明不同材种之间为互补品,而同一材种之间为替代品;粗加工产品进口价格的上涨会引发深加工产品进口量的上升,如果再加上旺盛的进口需求,这一效果将更为明显。     

浅析中国木材产业的国际化经营问题

国际化经营是影响中国木材产业的重要因素,对于中国木材产业的成长具有重大意义。该文介绍了国际化经营的相关概念,分析了中国木材产业国际化经营的现状,研究了进出口和对外直接投资对中国木材产业的影响,提出了中国木材产业国际化经营的演化路径。     

Withdrawal capacity of washers in bolted timber connections

Abstract

The European yield model (EYM) has been accepted to determine the load-carrying capacity of structural timber connections. However, experiments of bolted connections are still not in agreement with the EYM unless the additional bearing capacity offered by the washers is taken into account. This bearing capacity is depending on the compressive strength perpendicular to grain of the structural timber. Tests results carried out with M16 and M24 washers on solid and glued laminated timber are used to verify the reliability of three strength capacity predicting models, one of which is an analytical model while the other two are empirical. It was concluded that the analytical model is the superior one. This model should be incorporated in all new structural timber design code revisions.     

中俄远东地区木材贸易问题与对策研究

目前,中国木材资源缺口基本保持在1.5亿m3左右,这部分主要靠进口木材来补充.中国木材的主要供应国俄罗斯鼓励发展国内木材深加工,特别是中国进口木材的主要供应地区俄远东已开始逐步限制原木出口.对此,本文分析了俄远东地区森林资源与木材生产状况,探讨了中俄远东木材贸易现状及其存在的主要问题,提出了未来中俄远东木材贸易的对策建议.     

中俄木材贸易及俄罗斯木材检疫

概述了近年来中俄木材贸易情况,及我国对进境俄罗斯木材检疫和除害处理措施,并论述了其优缺点,提出在当前中俄木材贸易日益繁荣的情况下,加强对进境木材的检疫和除害处理的重要性。     

Wood quality of eighteen year oldCupressus lusitanica from Maharashtra

Summary Physical and mechanical properties of 18 year oldCupressus lusitanica, an exotic to India have been reported. The timber was found to be quite knotty and also possessing compression wood. From the data it appears that the timber is weak. in strength properties compared to the standard Indian species,Tectona grandis (teak) andCedrus deodara (deodar) and it can only be used for light packing cases and rural housing.Authors are thankful to Dr. V. V. Srinivasan, Director, I.W.S.T. for his encouragement and to Shri P. Kumar for calculating the suitability indices.     

Assessing forest sustainability trajectory with temporal changes in timber output and ecological reserve: the case of China

We classified forest resources into four modes: high timber output and high ecological reserve (Mode T-E); high timber output and low ecological reserve (Mode T-e); low timber output and low ecological reserve (Mode t-e); and low timber output and high ecological reserve (Mode t-E). Ecological reserve is stand volume per unit area of natural forests and total area of natural forests; timber output is defined as total area of timber forests and unit area of timber production. We used this classification system to examine forest development in China between 1950 and 2013. Data were acquired mainly from forest inventory statistics published by China’s Forestry Administration between the 1970s and 2013. I Information from the 1950s was acquired from relevant literature. Our analysis suggests that China’s forest resources transitioned from Mode t-E to Mode T-e during the period between the early 1950s and late 1970s, resulting in the destruction of both ecological vigor and timber resources. During the following 20 years, strategies were implemented to improve the ecological reserve and increase timber supply, resulting in a decline in the rate of forest degradation. Over the past decade, China’s forest resources have reached Mode T-E as a result of improvements in both the ecological reserve and the timber supply. Currently, the total area of timber forests is relatively low, representing the limiting factor for improvement in overall forest functionality. Nevertheless, along with increased efforts to protect natural forests and develop fast-growing forest plantations, it is hopeful that China’s forest resources will achieve a sustainable state. The four-mode TOER (timber output, ecological reserve) method introduced in this paper is a simple but an effective approach for characterizing the overall quality and quantity of forest resources. The data used for this type of evaluation are typically easy to obtain and reliable. This methodology has potential to be applied to forests in various regions and countries.     

Problems and Countermeasures to Timber Trade between China and Russian Far East Region

The shortfall of timber resource in China constantly keeps about 150 million m3, which mainly relies on import to fill in the gap. However, Russia, the key timber supply state of China, has encouraged the development of its national intensive timber processing and therefore the Russian Far East Region started to gradually restrict log export. To this end, this paper analyzes the situation of forest industry and timber production in Russian Far East and discusses the current status and existing problems in timber trade between Russian Far East and China. At the end, the paper presents policy recommendation for future timber trade between Russian Far East and China and views their forestry cooperation prospect.     

我国现代木结构建筑发展战略研究

围绕我国现代木结构建筑发展问题,阐述了现代木结构的内涵、外延以及产业化发展的重要意义;从多个方面分析我国现代木结构的发展情况,总结产业化发展中存在的问题;结合现代木结构建筑产业的发展趋势和综合效益,确定发展战略目标、战略方针和重点工作;提出促进我国现代木结构建筑产业化发展的保障措施和政策建议。     

我国木结构产业发展展望

总结我国木结构产业的现状,包括木结构用材资源状况、现有木结构相关标准体系、政策支持,以及相关木 结构的材料制备、设计方法、生产技术的科研进展,对我国木结构产业的高质量发展,提出进一步的努力方向。