“广东省百项工程”科研新产品特免皇

特免皇是广东省农科院畜牧研究所飞禧特水产科技公司在“九五”广东省百项工程项目的研究工作基础上 ,研制开发出的一种新型绿色饲料添加剂———动物免疫刺激剂 (β 葡聚糖 )。该产品采用先进的技术和独特的工艺生产而成。主要针对集约化养殖条件下 ,动物因受各种应激因素的影响 ,机体抗病能力显著下降 ,易导致疾病的大规模暴发等情况 ,通过迅速提高猪、鸡等动物的主动免疫水平 ,增强其非特异性免疫能力 ,起到有效的防病、抗病作用。试验表明 :特免皇可显著提高仔猪免疫水平 ,提高种猪对蓝耳病、伪狂犬病、细小病毒病、脑炎 ;鸡对法氏囊病…     

“广东省百项工程”科研新产品 特免皇

特免皇是广东省农科院畜牧研究所飞禧特水产科技公司在“九五”广东省百项工程项目的研究工作基础上 ,研制开发出的一种新型绿色饲料添加剂———动物免疫刺激剂 ( β 葡聚糖 )。该产品采用先进的技术和独特的工艺生产而成。主要针对集约化养殖条件下 ,动物因受各种应激因素的影响 ,机体抗病能力显著下降 ,易导致疾病的大规模暴发等情况 ,通过迅速提高猪、鸡等动物的主动免疫水平 ,增强其非特异性免疫能力 ,起到有效的防病、抗病作用。试验表明 :特免皇可显著提高仔猪免疫水平 ,提高种猪对蓝耳病、伪狂犬病、细小病毒病、脑炎 ;鸡对法氏囊病…     

“广东省百项工程”科研新产品 特免皇

特免皇是广东省农科院畜牧研究所飞禧特水产科技公司在“九五”广东省百项工程项目的研究工作基础上 ,研制开发出的一种新型绿色饲料添加剂———动物免疫刺激剂 (β 葡聚糖 )。该产品采用先进的技术和独特的工艺生产而成。主要针对集约化养殖条件下 ,动物因受各种应激因素的影响 ,机体抗病能力显著下降 ,易导致疾病的大规模暴发等情况 ,通过迅速提高猪、鸡等动物的主动免疫水平 ,增强其非特异性免疫能力 ,起到有效的防病、抗病作用。试验表明 :特免皇可显著提高仔猪免疫水平 ,提高种猪对蓝耳病、伪狂犬病、细小病毒病、脑炎 ;鸡对法氏囊病…     

复方中草药超微粉添加剂对草鱼生长和肌肉成分的作用

探讨6味中草药超微粉添加剂鱼饲料对草鱼生长和肌肉营养成分的作用,为开发鱼类食用中草药添加饲料提供资料。甘草、板蓝根、金银花、陈皮、肉桂和杜仲按质量等比例添加配制成传统中草药添加剂和超微粉添加剂。实验设置4个实验组(T1、T2、T3、T4)和1个对照组。T1、T2、T3、T4实验组分别投喂含2%传统中草药添加剂的基础饲料、1%、2%和3%超微粉中草药添加剂的基础饲料。对照组仅投喂基础饲料。每组同时设置2个平行实验,实验处理56 d。结果表明,与对照组相比,2%传统中草药添加剂饲料和1%、2%和3%超微粉中草药添加剂饲料分别使草鱼增重率提高了13.26%、16.15%、18.59%、20.51%;分别使草鱼肌肉粗蛋白含量提高了5.16%、7.81%、12.97%、14.74%。结果提示,饲料添加复方中草药对实验鱼生长和肌肉蛋白质的积累具有促进的作用,而且超微粉复方中草药添加饲料的使用效果要优于传统中草药添加饲料的效果。     

几种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响

选取健康均匀的欧洲鳗苗1000尾,分为5组,每组2个重复,分别在基础料中添加4种环保型饲料添加剂,分析了4种环保型饲料添加剂对欧洲鳗鲡消化酶活性的影响。结果表明,1号饲料添加剂对于提高欧洲鳗鲡消化酶整体效果最好,对中草药原料的配伍进行选择优化,适当添加半胱胺,能显著提高欧洲鳗鲡幼鱼消化酶活性。     

3种新型添加剂对大菱鲆蛋白质消化的影响

采用3种新型添加剂对大菱鲆生长和蛋白质消化作用进行试验,结果表明,与对照组相比,添加剂组合组、β-葡聚糖组、低聚木糖组和胆汁酸组的蛋白质消化率分别提高3.6%、2.9%、3.7%(P<0.05)和1.5%(P>0.05);蛋白质消化量分别提高10.4%、9.9%、8.5%和3.0%(P>0.05);增重率分别提高15.4%、13.9%、12.4%(P<0.05)和7.4%(P>0.05);饲料系数分别降低6.9%、6.2%、5.4%(P<0.05)和3.8%(P>0.05)。说明在生长大菱鲆配合饲料中,3种添加剂组合添加后优势互补,达到最优的促消化和促生长效果;β-葡聚糖或低聚木糖单独添加,表现出优良的促消化和促生长作用;单独添加胆汁酸也有良好的效果。     

中草药添加剂对土杂鸡生长性能和红细胞免疫功能的影响

按中兽医理论配制加工成中草药添加剂Ⅰ和Ⅱ,分别按0.5%、1%、2%三个浓度添加,并设抗生素和空白对照,对28日龄广西土杂鸡随机分组进行饲养试验,70日龄测定生长性能和红细胞免疫功能.结果显示:中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ在添加1%时,料重比为2.92,分别比抗生素组和对照组下降了4.89%和13.35%,日增重为32.58g,比空白对照组提高30.79%,差异显著(P<0.05).中草药饲料添加剂Ⅰ的1%添加浓度对红细胞C3bR酵母花环试验花环形成率达17.33%.与抗生素组和空白对照组比较分别提高40.55%和67.76,差异显著(P<0.05).     

合理使用饲料添加剂促进畜牧业健康发展

一、合理使用饲料添加剂的重要性 饲料添加剂是全价饲料的技术核心,同时也是饲料工业的四大支柱之一(其它三项为:饲料原料、饲料加工和饲料机械).随着畜牧业、水产养殖业集约化饲养的开展和推广,各类饲料添加剂和能量饲料、蛋白质饲料三者有机地配合应用,对促进动物的生长、肥育、缩短饲养周期、提高饲料利用率、获得最大的社会效益和经济效益有重大的意义.饲料添加剂的重要性可以从全价饲料的生产过程中体现出来(见图1).饲料添加剂能完善全价饲料的营养成分,提高饲料的应用效率,预防疾病和促进动物生长,减少饲料在贮存时营养物质的损失.在相同条件下,用全价饲料养猪和养鸡,比单纯用谷物饲养要分别节约12.5%和37.5%的粮食.而且能使饲养周期缩短一半.表1以肉鸡生产水平为例,反映了20世纪家禽业的发展.尽管影响提高家禽生产水平的因素可包括:基因改良、管理水平、动物营养等,但饲料添加剂所发挥的作用也是不可忽视的.     

饲料中添加不同水平β-葡聚糖对斑节对虾生长、存活及其抗病力的影响

研究了饲料中添加不同水平“特免王”(含18%β-1,3-D葡聚糖)对斑节对虾生长、存活及抗白斑病毒感染的能力。饲料中“特免王”的添加量分别为0g/kg、2g/kg、4g/kg、6g/kg、8g/kg和10g/kg。饲养试验持续35d。结果表明,饲料中添加“特免王”(≥2g/kg)显著提高斑节对虾增重、存活和抗白斑病毒感染的能力,降低饲料系数。从增重率和饲料系数两个指标来看,2g/kg的添加量是足够的。若以成活率为判据,在对虾处于高度抗应激状态下,“特免王”的需要量为2.8g/kg。今后尚需进一步研究斑节对虾在正常生理状态下“特免王”的最低需要量。     

中草药饲料添加剂对獭兔生长性能的影响

观察中草药饲料添加剂对獭兔生长性能的影响。选取50日龄獭兔32只,随机分成4组,Ⅰ、Ⅱ、Ⅲ组为试验组,在基础日粮中分别添加10 g/kg、30 g/kg、50 g/kg中草药饲料添加剂;Ⅳ组作空白对照。试验期为60 d。结果显示,与对照组比较,试验獭兔日增重分别提高21.96%、27.22%、28.53%,而料重比分别下降15.81%、17.24%、17.24%,提示该中草药饲料添加剂具有一定的促进獭兔生长的作用。     

福建省欧鳗二极虫病流行情况初步调查

１９９６年１０月至１９９７年１１月我们对福建三十多个鳗场欧鳗二极虫病情况进行初步调查。结果表明,９０％以上鳗场均发生过二极虫病,欧鳗各阶段均可感染,其中白仔感染率为９２．８％,黑仔７８．３％,幼鳗８１．６％,成鳗５３．５％;各器官组织中平均检出率肾脏７１．２３％,鳃３５．６１％,皮肤１３．０％,肠８．２％。     

Histochemical demonstration of the inhibitory effect of Nuvan and Neguvon on cholinesterase activity in Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae (Monogenea)

The nervous system of Pseudodactylogyrus anguillae, a gill parasite from European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is demonstrated histochemically using the acetylthiocholine iodide method. It was shown that the staining of the nervous system was reduced or eliminated due to the inhibitory effect of Nuvan® and Neguvon®.     

欧鳗(Anguilla anguilla)“狂游症”病调查报告

本文在国内首次较系统报告了欧鳗“狂游症”病的流行病学、病理组织学、诊断和防治方法，同时在国内外首次报告了侵袭欧鳗脑部的病毒是该病的致病原，这对今后深入研究起到很大的作用。     

新型欧洲鳗鲡抗菌肽elecilin在毕赤酵母中的表达

前期采用差减杂交的方法筛选到新型欧洲鳗鲡抗菌肽elecilin,其基因全长为477 bp,编码159个氨基酸,理论分子量约17.4 kDa。为了获得具活性的大量表达的抗菌肽,本研究利用毕赤酵母表达了elecilin。首先将elecilin基因克隆至酵母分泌表达载体pPICZaA,构建了重组分泌表达质粒pPICZaA-elecilin,电击转化毕赤酵母X-33。经Zeocin筛选和PCR鉴定,获得重组酵母菌,通过甲醇诱导,SDS-PAGE和Western blot鉴定,证实诱导后的培养基中存在与预期分子量大小相一致的蛋白,能被His-tag单克隆抗体识别,表明利用酵母成功表达了欧洲鳗鲡抗菌肽elecilin。这为进一步研究该抗菌肽的功能及作为饲料添加剂的应用奠定了基础。     

欧鳗“狂游症”的诊断报告

从永泰、山东和诏安欧鳗养殖场患“狂游症”的鳗鱼脑组织内,分离出弹状病毒样病毒。用病鳗脑组织匀浆液、经肌内和口腔人工接种,感染健康欧鳗获得成功。表明该弹状病毒是欧鳗“狂游症”的致病原,并能经口腔行水平传播。     

日本鳗鲡及其僵鳗消化酶活性的比较研究

本试验旨在比较不同反应温度下日本鳗鲡(Anguilla japonics)及其僵鳗消化酶活性的差异.试验选取正常生长的日本鳗鲡(126.4～140.2g/尾)以及生长缓慢的僵鳗(3.5～8.6 g/尾)各20尾,取肝胰脏、胃、肠,分别在5、15、25、30、35、40、45和55℃反应温度下测定肝胰脏、胃、肠中蛋白酶、...     

TGF-beta3 exists in bony fish

A partial nucleotide sequence of transforming growth factor-beta3 (TGF-beta3) has been isolated from the Siberian sturgeon (Acipenser baeri), rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and European eel (Anguilla anguilla), confirming a ubiquitous presence in the ray-finned (Actinopterygian) bony fish. The bony fish TGF-beta3 is highly conserved, with some 83-84% nucleotide identity (coding region) and 90-95% predicted amino acid identity to known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. Far lower homologies are apparent with other known TGF-beta isoforms in fish (e.g. 64-66% and 81-82% amino acid identity to trout TGF-beta 1/5 and carp TGF-beta2 respectively). Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the fish TGF-beta3's clustered with the known homeotherm TGF-beta3's. The relatively tight clustering of TGF-beta1, TGF-beta2 and TGF-beta3 was in contrast to the TGF-beta5's, which are clearly a more heterogenous group.     

Single-dose pharmacokinetics of flumequine in the eel (Anguilla anguilla) after intravascular, oral and bath administration

Knowledge of the pharmacokinetic properties of drugs to combat bacterial infections in the European eel (Anguilla anguilla) is limited. One antimicrobial agent likely to be effective is flumequine. The aim of this study was to investigate the pharmacokinetic properties of flumequine in European eels in fresh water. Flumequine was administered to eels (Anguilla anguilla) intravenously (i.v.) and orally (p.o.) at a dose of 10 mg/kg body weight, and as a bath treatment at a dose of 10 mg/L water for 2 h. The study was performed in fresh water with a temperature of 23 + 0.3 degrees C, pH 7.15. Identical experimental designs were used. Two additional bath treatments were also performed, one in which the pH in the water was lowered by approximately 1 unit to 6.07 (dose: 10 mg/L) and one at a dose of 40 mg/L for 2 h in a full-scale treatment. Following i.v. administration, the volume of distribution at steady state was 3.4 L/kg. Total body clearance was 0.012 L/h per kg and the elimination half-life (t1/2lambda z) was calculated to be 314 h. Mean residence time was 283 h. Following oral administration, the t1/2lambda z was 208 h. Maximal plasma concentration (Cmax) was 9.3 mg/L, at 7 h after administration (Cmax). The oral bioavailability (F) was calculated to be 85%. Following bath administration in 10 mg/L for 2 h, maximal plasma concentration was 2.1 mg/L, observed immediately after the end of the bath. The 'bioavailability' in eel following a 2-h bath treatment was 19.8%. Reducing the pH in the bath to 6.07 produced a maximal plasma concentration of 5.5 mg/L, observed immediately after the end of the bath. The 'bioavailability' was increased to 41% by the lowering of the pH. A similar effect was observed in a full-scale treatment (1 kg eels/L water). The CO2 produced by the eel lowered the pH and increased 'bioavailability' to 35%.     

Effects of gender and genotype on the response of growing pigs to exogenous administration of porcine growth hormone

Sixty crossbred pigs (Large White x Landrace) were used in a 2 x 2 x 2 factorial experiment to investigate the effects of gender (intact males vs females) and strain (A vs B) on the response to exogenous porcine growth hormone (pGH) administration (0 [excipient-treated] vs .1 mg pGH.kg live weight-1.d-1). All pigs had ad libitum access to their diet; pGH was administered daily from 60 to 90 kg live weight. All aspects of growth performance and body composition were affected to different degrees by gender and pGH. Strain A pigs had a higher capacity for protein accretion, superior growth performance and contained less fat in the eviscerated carcass and empty body compared with Strain B pigs. Within each strain, intact males ate more feed, had a higher rate of protein deposition and exhibited faster and leaner growth than females. Exogenous pGH administration increased average protein deposition and growth rate by 84 and 34%, respectively, and reduced average feed intake, fat deposition rate, feed:gain and carcass fat content by 14, 59, 37 and 33%, respectively. The magnitude of the changes in growth performance, tissue accretion rates and body composition elicited by pGH were independent of strain. However, within each strain the improvement in feed:gain and reduction in carcass fat measurements elicited by pGH were proportionately larger for females than for intact males.