高等数学学时改革初探

文文针对大学高等数学教学学时减少后的教学提出了课堂教学内容、教学手段、教学方式等方面的改革措施。     

《高等数学》上册教学模式探讨

本文主要探讨了《高等数学》上册的教学模式,从教学导入设计、突出学生主体地位、重视师生交流以及分层教学等四个方面论述了如何改进《高等数学》上册的教学模式。     

高等数学分级教学中学生心理问题研究

高等数学分级教学改变了原有的教学环境,使得竞争压力倍增,部分学生随之出现了一些不安感、焦虑感、危机感等心理问题。在透彻分析这些心理问题的原因后,提出了从制度上的完善、教师的引导与干预等解决方案,使学生真正受益于分级教学。     

浅谈中医药专业高等数学教学的问题与对策

随着中医药客观化研究的进展,数学在中医药研究中的应用日益广泛。当前中医药专业的数学教育存在欠缺。本文基于中医药专业学生学习高等数学的情况调查反馈,分析了学生学习状况和教师教学过程中的问题,结合教学实践,从教学设计的角度提出了教学内容融入数学建模、教学过程基于问题、高等数学解决初等数学问题、网络学习资源利用几点建议。     

翻转课堂教学模式在高等数学教学中的应用

翻转课堂是一种全新的教学模式。本文针对高职学生的特点,按照翻转课堂的教学模式、高等数学的教学现状及学科特征,以微积分中"导数的概念"教学内容为例,设计出了一套实施翻转课堂模式的具体流程和操作方法,强调以学生的学为主体,注重学生的自主学习,教与学相互辅助,充分调动学生的积极性,在教学中显著地提高了教学效果。     

数学建模思想在高职数学教学中的渗透探析

数学建模思想是一种现代化教育改革过程中新的教学模式的尝试。它注重理论和实践的结合,进行教育方式的创新,以培养综合素质强大,拥有自主学习能力的高材生。在高职数学的教学中要敢于尝试数学模型这一教学手段,丰富教学手法,全面培养数学建模思维,这样不仅能够引起学生兴趣,还能提高学生学习数学的积极性,从而提高数学应用能力,提高老师的教学效率和质量,发展学生的开放思维。本文研究探讨了数学建模思想的培养对策,以期为推动教育事业的发展。     

工科专业《高等数学》教学模式的研究与改革

本文分析了关于工科专业学生学好高等数学的重要性,并从工科专业的应用性特点出发,提出几点教学模式改革方案,希望对工科专业的高等数学教学有一定帮助,能更加完善教学,提高学生学习质量,让学生在专业中更好的应用高等数学。     

高职院校高等数学教学精细化刍议

在论述高职院校高等数学教学精细化重要作用的基础上,对精细化教学的内涵进行阐述,提出了高等数学精细化教学的具体实施途径,同时结合高职院校的实际教学情况,探讨了高职院校高等数学的相关改革策略,给高职院校高等数学教学精细化阐明了一个方向。     

微课时代高等数学教学改革的实践与探索

随着互联网技术的的高速发展及素质教育的不断改革和深化,微课应运而生,代表了现代教育技术发展的时代新潮流。本文结合高等数学教学实践,从微课的特点出发,探讨了微课给高校高等数学教学带来的影响,进而研究了微课时代下高等数学教师角色的转变,旨在提高教师自身的职业发展及高等数学教学改革的实效性。     

大学数学类课程在专业转型发展中的教学探索

大学数学类课程是理工科本科生的必修学科基础课,它是初等数学的总结、提炼和升华。通过对大学数学类课程的学习可以培养学生分析问题、解决问题的能力。但是由于其内容抽象,定义、定理多,系统性与逻辑性要求高等特点,使得学生学习起来比较抽象、枯燥,进而逐渐丧失了学习的兴趣。随着转型发展的不断推进,针对这一教学中遇到的问题,本文提出了一种将数学实验融入数学类课程教学中的思想和方法,并在我校部分专业上进行了实验改革,效果良好。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.