模块化小堆堆芯测量组件装卸方法及专用设备研究

本文介绍了模块化小堆堆内设备装卸的总体方案,对堆芯测量组件装卸的工艺方案,主要工艺参数制定考虑的因素进行了分析。对堆芯测量组件的专用装卸设备进行了详细的描述,并结合试验数据,对专用设备的主要参数及控制逻辑进行了分析。     

浅析单船装卸设备成本

通过单船装卸设备成本分析建立可度量的装卸成本指标,将其分解落实到各部门班组,便于全过程的成本管理。根据装卸设备单船成本与装卸量、在港时间的相关分析,可为指导制定装卸工艺、优化分配装卸设备作业量、单船设备的配置及成本的定额预算工作提供参考,实现控制及降低成本的目的。     

港口散货装卸设备的发展探讨

随着我国对外开放政策的号召,我国的对外贸易进出口业的发展迅速,船运的费用低廉受到很多企业的青睐,港口散货的装卸越来越重要,因此对港口散货的装卸设备要求越来越高。本文通过对港口散货装船系统工作流程和港口散货卸船系统工作流程进行分析,探究港口散货装卸设备的发展趋势,旨在为港口散货装卸提供参考依据。     

粪便好氧堆肥技术指南(二)

<正>一、反应器堆肥本部分对日处理2吨和5吨畜禽粪便的反应器堆肥工艺进行具体说明。1.工艺介绍。反应器堆肥是一种在堆肥反应器内进行有机固体废弃物物氧发酵处理的堆肥工艺。堆肥反应器设备必须具有改善和促进微生物新陈代谢的功能,在发酵过程中要运行翻堆、搅拌、混合、曝气、协助通风等设施或操作来控制堆体的温度和含水率,同时在反应器堆肥中还要解决     

21世纪国际饲料加工工艺与设备技术展望

21世纪饲料加工设备与工艺技术的进步将主要集中于:提高单机和系统工艺的作业效率,降低作业成本;强化和扩展单机与系统工艺的加工功能,使之多样化;开发具有新型作业功能的设备、工艺;提高设备与系统的安全性、可靠性、易维护性和易清理性;提高系统与设备的自动控制水平,实现产品加工质量和过程的有效控制。文中具体指出了在装卸输送、清理分级、粉碎、配料、混合、制粒、膨化设备与加工工艺技术方面的发展方向,以及提高我国饲料加工设备与工艺技术水平的措施。     

起重机械的安装改造与维修的问题分析

起重机械是指用于垂直升降或者水平移动重物的机电设备,是现代化生产不可缺少的组成部分,它可以减轻劳动强度,提高劳动生产率,有些起重机械还能在生产过程中进行某些特殊的工艺操作,使生产过程实现机械化和自动化。起重机械是现代工业生产不可缺少的设备,被广泛的应用于各种物料的起重、运输、装卸和人员输送等设备中。本文针对起重机械的安装改造与维修进行简单的分析。     

重水堆核电站氢气控制系统控制逻辑分析

主要对重水堆氢气控制系统进行了介绍,包括系统的主要设备及其控制逻辑分析。     

流体装卸作业风险及控制

随着我国石化工业的快速发展,沿海沿江地带建成了很多化工园区和化工产品仓储基地,由于液体化工品大都具有易燃、易爆和毒害等危险特性,给港口安全管理带来了严峻考验。本文立足油港码头实际,针对油港码头流体货物装卸专用设备输油臂的结构原理、日常运行、常见故障、维护保养等方面浅析输油臂在流体装卸作业中应注意的一些问题,并进行安全分析总结,进一步完善港口流体货物装卸设备安全管理的制度。     

基于蚁群算法的仓库车辆调度优化技术的研究

针对军用仓库装卸搬运系统在实际运行中设备资源冲突与搬运军用车辆任务的分配问题,提出一种用于优化军用仓库车辆调度的蚁群算法,解决了军用仓库的技术难题,并且用实际例子对其进行了证明。     

压水堆核电厂专用换料水套设计探讨

压水堆专用换料水套是核电厂反应堆的专用设备,在反应堆换料大修期间,通过换料水套将反应堆压力容器和换料水池连通,形成吊装通道,供装卸堆内各构件、燃料组件及相关组件使用,利用换料水套内的水层对无顶盖的反应堆进行屏蔽。该换料水套结构紧凑、操作简便、可缩短操作时间、减少操作人员可能承受的辐照剂量。     

商会自治的基石——商会自治规范研究

在现代法律秩序中,商会自治规范是制定法的基础和必要的补充,甚至在某些方面替代了制定法;商会自治规范主要包括商会组织规范、行为规范、惩罚规范以及争端解决规范等;其效力仅及于其内部成员;商会自治规范和制定法之间存在冲突,但也存在整合的基础。     

癸氧喹酯干混悬剂含量测定的改进

采用高效液相色谱法测定癸氧喹酯干混悬剂的含量,在2-250μg/mL范围内,峰面积的常用对数与进样量浓度的常用对数呈良好的线性关系,R^2=1(n=5),平均回收率为99.24%~99.51%,RSD在0.05%~0.28%。此方法分析时间短,样品前处理简便、定量结果准确,重现性好,结果满意,为其质量控制提供了依据。     

猪毛色遗传的研究进展

本文概述了猪的毛色类型、猪的毛色遗传模式,着重综述了猪毛色基因分子基础的研究进展,指出存在问题并就未来发展方向做了思考。     

Comparison of 2 methods of centesis of the bursa of the biceps brachii tendon of horses

REASONS FOR PERFORMING STUDY: Centesis of the bicipital bursa using an 8.9 cm long spinal needle has been reported but the alternative of employing a 3.8 cm long hypodermic needle requires validation. OBJECTIVE: To compare the efficacy of 2 different methods of centesis of the bicipital bursa and to evaluate the usefulness of ultrasonographic imaging to determine the location of solution administered when centesis of the bursa is attempted. METHODS: For Trial 1, 6 clinicians, who had no previous experience of centesis of the bicipital bursa, attempted to inject a solution composed of an aqueous radiopaque contrast medium and physiological saline solution (PSS) into the bicipital bursae of 2/12 horses using the previously described distal approach to inject one bursa and a proximal approach to inject the contralateral bursa. The bicipital tendon and bursa were examined ultrasonographically before and after injection; and both shoulders were examined radiographically to identify the location of the medium. In Trial 2, another 6 clinicians, also with no previous experience of centesis, repeated Trial 1, using 6 horses, but the radiopaque contrast medium was mixed with air instead of PSS. RESULTS: Accuracy of centesis using the proximal approach was 39% and that of the distal approach 28%. Ultrasonographic examination of the shoulder allowed the location of solution and air to be accurately predicted in all 12 shoulders examined. CONCLUSIONS: Clinicians who have had no previous experience performing centesis of the bicipital bursa are unlikely to be successful in centesis using either approach. Radiographic examination after injecting a radiopaque contrast medium may be necessary to assess the success of centesis especially if bursal fluid is not obtained during centesis. Injecting air along with the radiopaque contrast medium provides more accurate ultrasonographic confirmation of centesis and better radiographic definition than does injection without air.     

不同样本商品蜂蜜中硒含量的测定

用硝酸和高氯酸消化蜂蜜,使硒游离出来,在微酸性环境下,硒和2,3-二氨基萘(DAN)生成有较强荧光的物质,用环己烷萃取,在激发波长378nm,荧光波长518nm处测定其荧光强度。蜂蜜中硒含量范围:0.10～0.82μg/g。表明:蜂蜜应视为天然富硒营养品。     

乳酸杆菌益生作用机制的研究进展

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物。本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制。乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道。文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分（表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖）与肠道受体（Ｃ型凝集素受体、Ｔｏｌｌ样受体和 Ｎｏｄ样受体）,阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制。     

Effects of size of ingestively masticated fragments of plant tissues on kinetics of digestion of NDF

Ingestively masticated fragments were collected and sized via sieving. Different sizes of esophageal masticate and ruminal digesta fragments, and ground fragments of larger masticated pieces were incubated in vitro, and undigested NDF remaining at intervals of up to 168 h of incubation was determined. The ruminal age-dependent time delay (tau) for onset of digestion of NDF was positively correlated (P < 0.004) with the mean sieve aperture estimated to retain 50% of the fragments between successive sieve apertures (MRA). Degradation rate of potentially degradable NDF (PDF) and level of indigestible NDF were not related (P > 0.10) to MRA of masticated and ground fragments. Estimates of tau were positively related to MRA, with slopes of bermudagrass < corn silage < ruminal fragments of corn silage. It was concluded that fragment size-, and consequently, ruminal age-dependent onset of PDF degradation of a mixture of different fragment sizes results in an age-dependent rate of degradation of the more rapidly degrading of two subentities of PDF. Models are proposed that assume a tau before onset of simultaneous degradation of PDF from two pools characterized as having gamma-modeled age-dependency and age-constant rates. The ruminal age-dependent pool seems to be associated with the faster-degrading pool, and its rate parameter increases with range in MRA in the population of fragments. Conceptually, the ruminal age-dependent rate parameter for PDF degradation seems to represent a composite of several effects: 1) effects of the size-dependent tau; 2) range in MRA of the population of ingestively masticated fragments; and 3) subentities of PDF that degrade via more rapid age-dependent rates compared with subentities of PDF that degrade via age-constant rates. The estimated fractional rates of ruminative comminution of ingestively masticated fragments (0.060 to 0.075/h) were of a magnitude similar to the mean fractional rates of PDF digestion (0.030 to 0.085/h), which implies that ruminative comminution may be first-limiting to fractional rate of PDF digestion. The in vivo roles of ingestive and ruminative mastication of fragments on PDF degradation must be considered in any kinetic system for estimating PDF digestion in the rumen. These results and others in the literature suggest that the rate of surface area exposure rather than intrinsic chemical attributes of PDF may be first-limiting to degradation rate of PDF in vivo.     

Mechanism of Action of Probiotic Function of Lactobacilli

乳酸杆菌作为益生菌广泛用于人和动物.本文综述了乳酸杆菌改善宿主健康的机制.乳酸杆菌可通过产生抗菌物质如乳酸、过氧化氢、细菌素,或者通过竞争营养或肠道黏附位点来抑制致病菌;通过诱导黏附素的分泌或阻止细胞凋亡而增强肠道的屏障功能,从而保护肠道.文章重点讨论了乳酸杆菌表面成分(表面蛋白、脂磷壁酸和肽聚糖)与肠道受体(C型凝集素受体、Toll样受体和Nod样受体),阐述了他们结合后启动免疫调节信号,调控肠道免疫功能以发挥改善健康作用的机制.     

Evaluation of serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism and results of radiography as indicators of severity of osteochondrosis in foals

OBJECTIVE: To determine whether serum concentrations of biomarkers of skeletal metabolism can, in conjunction with radiographic evaluation, indicate severity of osteochondrosis in developing horses. ANIMALS: 43 Dutch Warmblood foals with varying severity of osteochondrosis. PROCEDURE: 24 foals were monitored for 5 months and 19 foals were monitored for 11 months. Monthly radiographs of femoropatellar-femorotibial and tibio-tarsal joints were graded for osteochondral abnormalities. Serial blood samples were assayed for 8 cartilage and bone biomarkers. At the end of the monitoring period, foals were examined for macroscopic osteochondrosis lesions. RESULTS: Temporal relationships were evident between certain serum biomarkers and osteochondrosis severity in foals during their first year. Biomarkers of collagen degradation (collagenase-generated neoepitopes of type-II collagen fragments, type-I and -II collagen fragments [COL2-3/4C(short)], and cross-linked telopeptide fragments of type-I collagen) and bone mineralization (osteocalcin) were positive indicators of osteochondrosis severity at 5 months of age. In foals with lesions at 11 months of age, osteochondrosis severity correlated negatively with COL2-3/4C(short) and osteocalcin and positively with C-propeptide of type-II procollagen (CPII), a collagen synthesis marker. Radiographic grading of osteochondrosis lesions significantly correlated with macroscopic osteochondrosis severity score at both ages and was strongest when combined with osteocalcin at 5 months and CPII at 11 months. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: The ability of serum biomarkers to indicate osteochondrosis severity appears to depend on stage of disease and is strengthened with radiography. In older foals with more permanent lesions, osteochondrosis severity is significantly related to biomarker concentrations of decreased bone formation and increased cartilage synthesis.