共查询到20条相似文献，搜索用时 31 毫秒
1.
Because the adoption of conservation tillage requires long-term evaluation, the effect of tillage and residue management on corn (Zea mays L.) grain and stover yields was studied for 13 seasons in east central Minnesota. Three primary tillage methods (no-till (NT), fall chisel plow (CH), fall moldboard plow (MB)) and two residue management schemes (residue removal versus residue returned) were combined in a factorial design experiment on a Haplic Chernozem silt loam soil in Minnesota. No significant effects on grain yield were seen due to tillage treatments in 9 out of 13 years. The NT treatment resulted in lower yields than CH and MB treatments in years 6 and 7, and lower than the MB in year 8, indicating a gradual decrease in yield over time with continuous use of NT. There were differences due to residue management in 8 out of 13 years. The residue-returned treatments contributed about 1 Mg ha−1 greater yields in intermediate level dry years such as years 3 and 6, which had cumulative growing season precipitation 20 and 30% below the 9-year average, respectively. In excessively dry or long-term-average years, residues resulted in little yield difference between treatments. The most pronounced effects of residues were with the CH treatment for which yields were greater in 8 out of 13 years. The ratio of grain to total dry matter yield averaged 0.56 and did not vary with time or between treatments. These results apply primarily to soils wherein the total water storage capacity and accumulated rainfall are insufficient to supply optimum available water to the crop throughout the growing season. Under conditions with deeper soils or in either wetter or drier climates, the results may differ considerably. 相似文献
2.
Total and mineralizable soil carbon as affected by tillage in the Argentinean Pampas 总被引：1，自引：0，他引：1
Alejandro Costantini Helvcio De-Polli Carlos Galarza Roberto Pereyra Rossiello Romina Romaniuk 《Soil & Tillage Research》2006,88(1-2):274-278
This study was carried out in experimental plots established at Marcos Juárez, in the Pampean Region (center of Argentina) on Typic Argiudolls, with high silt content. The aim of this work was to study the effects of two tillage systems (reduced tillage and no-tillage) on the amount of total organic C, potentially mineralizable C, C released by respiration, and C stock in the topsoil of a corn (Zea mays L.)–wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)/soybean (Glycine max L. Merr.)–soybean rotation. No-tillage showed C stock greater than reduced tillage only at 0–5 cm depth, but not at 0–20 cm, even though in situ respiration was lower. As a consequence, no tillage did not show a differential capacity for C sequestration in comparison with reduced tillage. 相似文献
3.
Impacts of agricultural management practices on C sequestration in forest-derived soils of the eastern Corn Belt 总被引：7，自引：0，他引：7
W. A. Dick R. L. Blevins W. W. Frye S. E. Peters D. R. Christenson F. J. Pierce M. L. Vitosh 《Soil & Tillage Research》1998,47(3-4):235-244
Soil organic matter has recently been implicated as an important sink for atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2). However, the relative impacts of various agricultural management practices on soil organic matter dynamics and, therefore, C sequestration at spatial scales larger than a single plot or times longer than the typical three year experiment have rarely been reported. Results of maintaining agricultural management practices in the forest-derived soils of the eastern Corn (Zea mays L.) Belt states of Kentucky, Michigan, Ohio and Pennsylvania (USA) were studied. We found annual organic C input and tillage intensity were the most important factors in affecting C sequestration. The impact of rotation on C sequestration was primarily related to the way it altered annual total C inputs. The removal of above-ground plant biomass and use of cover crops were of lesser importance. The most rapid changes in soil organic matter content occurred during the first five years after a management practice was imposed with slower changes occurring thereafter. Certain management practices, e.g. no-tillage (NT), increased the soil's ability to sequester atmospheric CO2. The impact of this sequestration will be significant only when these practices are used extensively on a large percentage of cropland and when the C-building practices are maintained. Any soil C sequestered will be rapidly mineralized to CO2 if the soil organic matter building practices are not maintained. 相似文献
4.
Although many studies suggest that no-tillage (NT) increases soil organic carbon (SOC) within the soil profile relative to mouldboard ploughing, other studies indicate that no net change occurs. The latter studies suggest that NT only stratifies the SOC, where a near-surface increase in SOC is offset by a concomitant decrease in the subsurface. We examined the SOC distribution and stocks in a cool, humid Brookston clay (Typic Argiaquoll) soil under four soil management systems with a corn–soybean rotation. The objectives of this study were to compare the profile distribution and total amount of SOC under long-term (21 years) NT and mouldboard plough (MP) tillage with the changes that occur over 8 years when 13-years continuous NT is converted to MP, and when 13-years continuous MP is converted to NT. In the top 5 cm of soil, the long-term NT management accumulated greater SOC compared with the long-term MP treatment. However, this near-surface increase was offset by lower SOC concentrations in the 10–20 cm depth, resulting in similar total amounts of SOC stored in 0–20 cm for both long-term NT and MP. The SOC stratification that existed after 13 years of NT management was eliminated with one mouldboard ploughing operation, however the total SOC content in the plough layer of the new-MP treatment remained relatively constant over the subsequent 8 years. Soil organic carbon stratification was evident in the new no-tillage treatment 3 years after the cessation of tillage. The continuous build-up of SOC in the surface of new-NT soils was associated with no change in the total amount of SOC in the plough layer relative to long-term NT. This implies that the diminution of SOC in the 10–20 cm depth was at the same rate as the accumulation of SOC in the 0–5 cm depth. Although there was no net effect of tillage on total carbon stocks in this fine-textured soil, SOC stratification required several years to build-up after adoption of NT, but only a single year to destroy under MP. 相似文献
5.
以实施7年的中国科学院禹城综合试验站冬小麦夏玉米轮作免耕长期定位试验场为对象,研究免耕条件下土壤水稳性团聚体和有机碳储量的变化,为进一步评价免耕措施对黄淮海平原土壤结构和质量的影响提供科学依据。设置免耕(NT)、免耕秸秆不还田(NTRR)、常规耕作(CT)3种处理,分析土壤表层(0~20 cm)及深层(20~60 cm)水稳性团聚体分布特征、土壤有机碳以及团聚体有机碳的变化和相互关系。研究结果表明:由于减少了对土壤的破坏以及增加了秸秆还田和有机肥的施用,与常规耕作相比,NT和NTRR可提高表层土壤有机碳含量和储量、水稳性团聚体平均重量直径(MWD)和几何平均直径(GMD),以及大团聚体有机碳的含量和储量。其中,秸秆覆盖比施用有机肥对表层土壤有机碳储量和0.25~2 mm团聚体有机碳储量的提高具有更显著的作用。与表层不同,深层土壤有机碳和大团聚体有机碳的含量和储量表现为NT相似文献
6.
Plants capture atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) for carbon (C) assimilation through photosynthesis, with the photosynthates stored as plant biomass (above- and below-ground plant parts). The C stored as living biomass is a short-term C sequestration strategy, whereas soil organic carbon (SOC) is a long-term C sequestration strategy. In this regard, plant roots are the primary route of C entry into the SOC pool. Through establishing a recalcitrant SOC pool, long-term sequestration can potentially offset the C losses caused by soil degradation in industrial and pre-industrial eras. Over the next 50–100 years, implementing effective agricultural practices could sequester 80–130 GT (109) C as SOC. Carbon, as the primary elemental component of soil organic matter, plays a significant role in shaping the soil’s physical, chemical, and biological properties, ultimately influencing soil biomass productivity. By enhancing crop productivity and biomass production, farmers can increase C sequestration, creating a positive feedback loop that contributes to overall C sequestration. Carbon sequestration has numerous co-benefits, including climate change mitigation, ecosystem health, food security, and farm profitability. Adopting conservation agriculture and site-specific practices and developing crop and pasture genotypes with high yields and C sequestration potential should significantly improve crop productivity and C sequestration simultaneously. This opinion article delves into the nexus between photosynthesis and soil C sequestration, highlighting its significance in enhancing farm productivity while mitigating climate change. 相似文献
7.
通过野外采样与室内实验相结合的方法,对川西典型亚高山不同海拔处暗针叶林、针阔混交林和常绿-落叶阔叶林3种森林类型表层土壤总有机碳（SOC）和活性有机碳的含量特征进行分析,旨在为亚高山生态系统土壤碳循环研究提供理论和数据支撑。结果表明：3种森林类型土壤中总有机碳含量（SOC）在44.21～179.98g·kg-1,表层（0-15cm）SOC含量大小顺序为针阔混交林＞常绿-落叶阔叶林＞暗针叶林,0-5cm土层SOC含量与活性有机碳含量均高于5-15cm土层,说明土壤有机碳具有土壤表聚现象。3种森林类型间SOC密度差异不显著,但不同森林类型土壤SOC密度沿土层的分布具有差别：与常绿-落叶阔叶林和暗针叶林相比,针阔混交林5-15cm土层SOC密度较高。土壤溶解性有机碳（DOC）、轻组分有机碳（LFOC）和微生物（MBC）含量均以针阔混交林最高,但其相对于SOC的比例则以暗针叶林最高,说明高海拔生态系统土壤活性有机碳有更大的累积,同时也暗示在气候变化背景下,高海拔生态系统可能具有更大的CO2排放风险。 相似文献
8.
Paul F. Hendrix Alan J. Franzluebbers Daniel V. McCracken 《Soil & Tillage Research》1998,47(3-4):245-251
Soil conservation management practices can impact on soil C storage. Long- and short-term data sets from three research sites were used to assess effects of management on C content of soils on the southern Appalachian Piedmont of Georgia. Intensive cultivation resulted in no observable change in total C content at the end of 3 yr, but at the end of 16 yr there were 40% and 18% declines in C in conventional tillage (CT) and no-tillage (NT) soils, respectively, at the Horseshoe Bend site. No significant changes in soil C were observed in either CT or NT soils at the end of 16 yr at Griffin. Higher clay content of Griffin soils may have contributed to this difference. Newly established NT plots on C-depleted soils on Dawson Field showed no change in C content at the end of 3 yr on both a highly eroded Pacolet sandy clay loam and a slightly eroded Cecil sandy loam. A soil under long-term NT accumulated C at a mean rate of ca. 0.6 Mg C ha−1 yr−1, reaching 29 Mg C ha−1 after 20 yr. Steady-state levels of C in soils of the region may approach 40 Mg C ha−1 (0–20 cm depth). Long-term forested and sod-based soils at Griffin showed C contents approximating this steady-state, while fertilized NT soils exceeded the estimated steady-state level. 相似文献
9.
Guogang Zhang Yumei Kang Guodong Han Hong Mei Katsutoshi Sakurai 《Acta Agriculturae Scandinavica, Section B - Plant Soil Science》2013,63(4):356-364
Abstract Grassland degradation not only results in soil degradation and severe decreases in land productivity, but also can promote the emission of soil carbon and nitrogen compounds as greenhouse gases into the atmosphere. The primary objective of this study was to characterize the impact of grassland degradation on carbon and nitrogen budgets in Inner Mongolia, China. We investigated the changes of total carbon, organic carbon, inorganic carbon and total nitrogen that occur in a grassland ecosystem (including vegetation and top 30 cm soil layer) in the course of grassland degradation. Total carbon stored in the grassland ecosystem was reduced by up to 14%, depending on the severity of the degradation. Total nitrogen storage was reduced by almost 10% under severe degradation, but was slightly increased at light and intermediate degradation, indicating that grazing exclusion would not lead to an increase in nitrogen storage in the ecosystem. Over 98% of the total carbon and nitrogen stored in the grassland ecosystem was bound in the soil which provides the dominant and most stable carbon and nitrogen pool in the ecosystem. Most of the soil carbon and nitrogen storage was present in soil water-stable aggregates and was released as soil water-stable aggregates break in the course of grassland degradation. In conclusion, the carbon sequestration capacity of the vegetation decreased significantly, and substantial proportions of soil carbon and nitrogen were lost in the course of grassland degradation, resulting in unbalanced carbon and nitrogen budgets. Strategies to restore degraded grassland must be designed to increase the carbon and nitrogen storage potential of grassland ecosystems. 相似文献
10.
基于 1∶40 0万的《中华人民共和国土壤图》和第二次土壤普查数据 ,运用地理信息系统技术 ,对中国土壤有机碳密度及储量做出估算 ,并且分析了土壤有机碳密度的空间分布差异。结果表明 :10 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 1 19kgm- 2 到 176 46kgm- 2 之间 ,2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳密度介于 0 2 7kgm- 2 到53 46kgm- 2 之间 ;10 0cm和 2 0cm深度的土壤有机碳储量分别为 84 4Pg (1Pg =10 15 g)和 2 7 4Pg ;土壤有机碳密度具有高度的空间变异性 ,东北地区、青藏高原的东南部、云贵高原等森林、草甸分布的地区有机碳密度最高 ,准噶尔盆地、塔里木盆地、阿拉善高原与河西走廊、柴达木盆地等沙漠化地区的土壤有机碳密度最低 ;土壤有机碳密度的空间分布主要受气候、植被以及人类活动的影响 相似文献
11.
Petrocalcic horizons are frequent in soils of semiarid landscapes. A survey of SIC and SOC contents made in Southern Spain in a pilot area with well defined geomorphological surfaces showed that topsoils overlying petrocalcic horizons are almost twice as rich in SOC as soil of similar depth without petrocalcic horizons. This could be due to impedance to root penetration, changes in redox potential and soil water availability caused by the presence of indurated crust. Soil age, on the contrary, seems not be an essential factor, since only a short time is required to reach a steady state in SOC in comparison to the time span available for soil formation on the different geomorphic surfaces. 相似文献
12.
为了研究施肥对土壤有机碳含量的影响,在湖北省农业科学院南湖实验站进行了25年不同施肥方式的长期定位试验。研究结果表明:与对照相比,除单施氮肥与单施有机肥外,其他施肥方式均提高了0～20cm土壤有机碳含量与碳储量;与对照及单施化肥相比,有机肥配施化肥均提高了0～20cm及0～100cm土壤有机碳含量与碳储量。单施化肥与单施有机肥对各土层土壤有机碳含量影响较小,且土壤有机碳累积少;而化肥配施有机肥提高了0～20cm与20～40cm土壤有机碳含量与碳储量。除对照及氮磷钾肥配施过量有机肥处理外,其他处理土壤全氮与有机碳含量间具有显著相关性。有机肥与化肥配合施用是提高农田土壤有机碳,增加土壤碳储量的有效方法。 相似文献
13.
本研究基于详尽、系统的土壤采样调查,研究了喀斯特高基岩出露坡地典型样地(100 m×100 m)内表层土壤(0~15 cm)有机碳(SOC)含量的空间异质性特征,并以土壤斑块加和法为基准,探讨了传统空间插值方法和基于岩石出露率、土深校正的空间插值方法在喀斯特高基岩出露地区土壤表层有机碳储量估算中的适用性。结果表明,研究区SOC和容重均值分别为75.5 g·kg-1和0.8 g·cm-3,变异系数分别为30.6%与47.3%,皆呈现中等变异;SOC半变异函数的最优拟和模型为指数模型,块金值和基台值分别为260.8与521.7,变程为52.5 m,其半变异函数分别在滞后距0~15.2 m与34.7~54.2 m范围内呈现明显的各向异性,说明在该尺度范围内微地貌与地形显著影响SOC的空间分布;利用土壤斑块加和法估算的样地表层SOC储量和碳密度分别为983.8 kg和0.1 kg·m-2,利用传统空间插值方法估算的表层SOC储量和碳密度分别为86 264.0 kg和8.6 kg·m-2,利用基于岩石出露率、土深校正的空间插值方法估算的表层SOC储量和碳密度分别为2 712.8 kg和0.3 kg·m-2。其中传统空间插值方法大大高估了喀斯特地区表层SOC储量和碳密度值,用该方法估算的SOC储量为该区SOC实际储量的87.7倍,其误估率为8 668.4%。说明传统地统计学方法不适合估算喀斯特高基岩出露坡地表层SOC储量及碳密度。而基于岩石出露率、土深校正的空间插值方法大大降低了估算喀斯特高基岩出露坡地表层SOC储量和碳密度的误差,为该区SOC实际储量及碳密度的2.7倍。说明校正后的地统计方法在估算该区高基岩出露坡地表层SOC储量时具有一定的适用性。以上研究表明,地统计方法是表示该区SOC空间分布的有效手段,但由于传统地统计方法难以精确拟合高基岩出露坡地土壤斑块的空间分布、微地貌特征、岩石出露率以及土层深度等信息,在估算同类坡地SOC储量和碳密度时必须修正估算公式以接近实际值。 相似文献
14.
喀斯特石漠化综合治理区表层土壤有机碳密度特征及区域差异 总被引：6，自引：0，他引：6
以中国南方喀斯特地区具有代表性的贵州为例,选取3个典型喀斯特石漠化综合治理示范区,以划分出的4条核心小流域为监测单元,对各示范区内及示范区之间不同等级石漠化样地表层土壤有机碳密度特征进行比较。结果表明:各示范区之间表层土壤有机碳密度变异性较大,表现为红枫湖示范区(6.12 kg m-2)>鸭池示范区(5.21 kg m-2)>花江示范区(2.80 kg m-2);不同等级石漠化样地之间土壤有机碳密度整体表现为无明显、潜在石漠化样地大于中、强度石漠化样地;岩石裸露率是影响喀斯特地区表层土壤碳密度的重要影响因子之一,特别对于中、强度石漠化区;地貌、气温和不同工程措施也在一定程度上影响到土壤有机碳密度特征。喀斯特石漠化综合治理具备巨大的固碳减排效应,采取有效措施增加有机碳蓄积量是今后石漠化综合治理的关键。 相似文献
15.
泥炭湿地占全球陆地表面积的2%~3%和全球湿地面积的40%~70%,却存储3.0×1017~6.0×1017g碳。以前有关泥炭湿地碳储量的研究主要偏重于土壤,尤其在北方,缺乏对植被和枯枝落叶层的综合报道。本文综述了近些年来全球泥炭地碳储量(土壤碳储量、植被碳储量和枯枝落叶层碳储量)核算的研究进展。目前,全球泥炭地碳储量的核算仍存在较大的不确定性,其主要原因是全球泥炭地碳储量核算方法的数据信息不足,缺乏植被生物量、地表凋落物、碳质量分数、深度、容重和面积等全面数据,尤其是关于全球泥炭地面积较大的地区或国家;其次,人为干扰活动也进一步增加了全球泥炭地碳储量估算的不确定性,使得碳储量估算变得更困难。我国湿地面积居亚洲第一,世界第四,然而泥炭地/湿地有机碳储量估算与其他国家比较,相差较大,数据信息不足且存在较大波动。因此,为了提高泥炭湿地碳储量的估计精度和预测陆地生态系统应对气候变化响应机制的准确性,进一步加大泥炭地碳储量研究是非常必要的。 相似文献
16.
农田和果园土壤有机碳氧化稳定性和储量差异 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
不同土地利用方式下有机碳的含量和性质变化越来越受到人们的关注。以黄土高原南部高原沟壑区(长武地区)塬面上农田以及不同树龄的果园为对象,研究了土壤总有机碳、易氧化有机碳和难氧化有机碳含量,比较了不同利用方式下土壤有机碳的氧化稳定系数(Kos)和有机碳密度差异。结果显示,该区域果园表层土壤总有机碳的整体水平与农田相当,但果园总有机碳、易氧化有机碳随果园年限增长有降低的趋势。在土壤剖面中,总有机碳、易氧化有机碳及难氧化有机碳都随深度下降而下降的趋势;而Kos值随剖面深度和果园年限增长而呈升高的趋势。0～2 m土壤剖面有机碳储量从高到底顺序是:农田>新果园(小于5年果园)>盛果期果园(10～15年果园)>老果园(15年以上果园)。以农田为基准,在0～200 cm厚度土层中,新果园有机碳储量下降了6.1%,盛果期果园下降了9.3%,老果园有机碳储量下降了22.4%。说明随着果园年限的增长,土壤有机碳储量降低。 相似文献
17.
选择不同栽植代数(1、23、代)、不同发育阶段(幼龄林、中龄林和成熟林)的杉木人工林进行不同栽植代数杉木林含C率、C贮量和年净固C量比较研究结果表明,不同栽植代数杉木林的含C率在45%~55%之间,不同代数间差异不明显,同一栽植代数相同发育阶段杉木林乔木层各器官含C率表现为皮>叶>干>根>枝。随栽植代数增加,杉木林C贮量和年净固C量明显降低,但不同发育阶段杉木林代数间差异程度不同,中龄林代数间差异最明显,与1代中龄林相比,2、3代杉木林C贮量分别下降16.98%和63.60%,年净固C量分别下降14.01%和25.14%。 相似文献
18.
以吉林德惠市中层黑土进行7年田间定位试验的小区土壤为研究对象,对免耕(NT)和传统耕作下(CT)耕层(0～20 cm)氨基糖态碳含量的变化特征进行了分析。结果表明,与传统耕作相比,实施免耕7年后整个耕层土壤中氨基糖态碳含量显著增加(p<0.05),以表层(0～5 cm)增加幅度最大,高达94.7%。说明在研究地区,免耕措施有利于微生物代谢物如细胞壁物质等作为潜在的碳源逐渐积累在土壤中。免耕土壤中不同微生物来源氨基糖态碳的含量均较传统耕作有显著增加,但是变化特征有所不同,其中免耕条件下真菌来源的氨基葡萄糖的积累量较传统耕作高出1倍多,而且氨基葡萄糖与细菌来源的胞壁酸的比值(6.9～7.3)显著高于传统耕作(4.7～5.4),暗示实施免耕秸秆还田7年后土壤中真菌已逐渐转为优势群体,而真菌占优势的农田生态系统具有更大的固碳潜力。 相似文献
19.
In tropical, low‐fertility soils, crop yields are dependent on soil carbon, and cropping systems under no‐till can increase soil C stocks. Plant residues supplied by cover crops in no‐till systems may improve aggregate stability and soil carbon, which may be further increased with the introduction of a legume in the cropping system. This research studied the effects of cover crops in rotation with soybean under no‐till on soil carbon and nitrogen, in Botucatu, Brazil, for 3 yr. The cover crops were millet (Penninsetum americanum Leek), cober crop (Sorghum bicolor × Sorghum sudanense) and sunn hemp (Crotalaria juncea L.), grown in the spring. Fallow without cover crops was used as a control. Grain sorghum (Sorghum bicolor L. Moench) and soybean (Glycine max (L.) Merril) were grown in fall–winter and summer, respectively. Generally, cover crops increased soil carbon contents, but soil N was only increased by sunn hemp in the particulate organic C fraction. An increase in the labile carbon fraction in the topsoil layers was closely related to cover crop root development. Fallow in spring should not be recommended in degraded soils with lowcarbon stock. Labile‐fractioned soil organic carbon and total carbon levels are more efficiently increased by grasses than by legumes in the short term, and grasses cropped in spring increase soil C/N ratio. Conversely, the introduction of a legume (sunn hemp) maintained a more stable C/N ratio, that is around 10, which would be more effective in increasing soil C in the long term. 相似文献
20.
Preferential sequestration of microbial carbon in subsoils of a glacial-landscape toposequence, Dane County, WI, USA 总被引：2，自引：0，他引：2
Microorganisms participate in soil carbon storage by contributing biomass in the form of refractory microbial cell components. However, despite the important contribution of microbial biomass residues to the stable carbon pool, little is known about how the contribution of these residues to soil carbon storage varies as a function of depth. In this study, we evaluated microbial residue biomarkers (amino sugars) in varied pedogenic horizons from six soil profiles of two geographic sites on a glacial-landscape toposequence in Dane County, WI. We found that the amino sugars appeared to preferentially accumulate in subsoil. Specifically, although total amounts of amino sugars decreased downward through the profile as even as total organic carbon did, the rate of decrease was significantly lower, suggesting that these compounds are more refractory than general soil organic carbon. The proportion of amino sugars to soil organic carbon increased along the depth gradient (from top to bottom), with the exception of Bg horizons associated with high water tables. We also observed that microbial residue patterns measured by amino sugar ratio (e.g., glucosamine to muramic acid) showed different dynamic tendencies in the two different geographic sites, suggesting that residue carbon contribution by fungi and bacteria is likely site-specific and complex. In summary, regardless of the redox microenvironment created by groundwater dynamics in a given soil, our study supports the hypothesis that microbial residues are refractory and that they contribute to terrestrial carbon sequestration. 相似文献