电刺激发情期大鼠的蓝斑对子宫平滑肌电活动的影响

在急性实验条件下，以爆发（ＢＷ）的频率、波宽、峰电位频率为指标，观察了电刺激蓝斑核对发情期大鼠子宫平滑肌电活动的影响，结果：电刺激蓝斑核后，子宫角平滑肌ＢＷ频率增加极显著，波宽及峰电位频率虽有增加，但无显著差异；子宫颈平滑肌ＢＷ频率无显著增加，波宽却显著缩短，峰一频率有所减少，未见明显差异。结果表明，蓝斑核对发情期大鼠子宫平滑活动具有调节作用。     

中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对人工发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动的影响

在急性实验条件下,以爆发波(BW)的频率、波宽、峰电位数、峰电位频率、幅值及单波的幅值、频率为指标,观察电刺激PAG外侧区或背侧区及外侧区注射雌激素对人工发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动的影响。结果:1.刺激PAG外侧区后,子宫颈、体、角BW频率和峰电位频率增加非常显著,岭电位数增加显著;子宫颈、体BW波宽,颈、角的幅值增加显著。2.电刺激PAG背侧区后,子宫平滑肌电活动无明显变化。3.向PAG外侧区注入雌激素后,子宫颈、休、角平滑肌BW频率和峰电位频率减少非常显著。以上结果表明:PAG外侧区参与子宫活动的调节,将侧区对此无作用。雌激素在PAG外侧区对发情家兔子宫平滑肌电活动有负反馈调节作用。     

不同机制介导怀牛膝兴奋未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌的峰电活动

在50只Wistar雌性未孕大鼠子宫角浆膜面上沿子宫纵轴埋植1对Ag-AgCl双极电有，腹腔注射阿托品或异搏定或消炎痛后，观察注射怀牛膝0.6mL夺未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌峰电活动的影响，探讨其兴奋的途径。结果表明，阿托品阻断胆碱能M受体后，腹腔注射怀牛膝水煎剂，子宫平滑肌峰电活动表现出明显的兴奋效应，搏定阻断L型Ca^2 通道（L－VDCC）后，腹腔注射怀牛膝水煎剂，暴发波的最大振幅等4项指标均无明显变化（P＞0．05），而单波的正波最大振幅和峰面积则有明显增加（P＜0．05），单波的负波最大振幅则无显著变化（P＞0．05）；腹腔注射前列腺素合成酶抑制剂消炎痛后，注射怀牛膝水煎剂，暴发波的最大振幅等4项指标变化不明显（P＞0．05），单波的正波最大振幅等3项指标均有明显升高（P＜0．05）。结果提示，怀牛膝对未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌峰电活动的兴奋作用是通过胆碱能M受体以外的其他途径实现的，部分可能与子宫平滑肌细胞膜上的异搏定敏感的L型Ca^2 通道有关，部分可能与刺激前列腺素合成与释放有关。     

发情季节绵羊子宫肌电周期性活动规律的研究

本文研究了绵羊发情周期的子宫肌电图（ＥＭＧ）,同时测定了血浆１７β－雌二醇（Ｅ２β）和孕酮（Ｐ４）的水平,并分析了激素与子宫ＥＭＧ之间的关系,结果如下：１．发情周期子宫ＥＭＧ活性指标中电位波丛所含峰电位的数量和幅度与Ｅ２β的浓度升高呈正比,与Ｐ４的升高呈反比。２．发情周期各阶段的子宫ＥＭＧ呈现节律性静、动复合电位波丛;间情期的动波丛持续时间短,频率少;发情期的动波丛持续时间长,频率高;３．发情期子     

氯前列烯醇对乏情期绵羊子宫肌电活动的影响

采用浆膜表面埋植双极引导电极多道同时记录法 ,测定苯甲酸雌二醇 (E2 )诱导乏情期绵羊子宫体、子宫角肌电活动及氯前列烯醇(PGF2α)对它的影响。结果表明 :子宫肌电图 (EMG)呈节律性静、动复合波丛 ,平均峰电峰值子宫体为 (14 7 58± 33 54) μV ,子宫角为 (138 36± 40 93) μV ;峰电频率子宫体为 (1 7 0 0± 1 2 5)cpm ,子宫角为 (34 44± 3 1 8)cpm。在E2 对子宫EMG抑制 /兴奋双向作用的抑制阶段内PGF2α可以显著增加子宫体肌电活动的峰电频率 (2 7 93± 5 35)cpm ,(54 94± 7 88)cpm ,t =8 0 2 ,p <0 0 1 ) ,子宫体肌电活动比率增加了 2 10 68%(7 68,1 6 56) ;极显著地增加子宫角肌电活动的峰电频率 (35 62± 5 48)cpm ,(73 70± 2 7 74)cpm ,t=4 0 5 ,(p<0 0 1 ) ,子宫角肌电活动比率增加了 2 2 3 73%(1 4 92 ,33 38)。E2 与PGF2α在临床上配合使用能够显著地增加子宫的兴奋性     

双氯醇胺对山羊胃肠电活动及运动的影响

采用在瘤胃背囊、皱胃幽门部和十二指肠近端安装有双极胃肠电极及应力传感器的土种公山羊5头,按自身对照设计,研究了双氯醇胺对山羊胃肠电活动及运动的影响.结果表明,β-激动剂双氯醇胺在功能上有与肾上腺素相似的作用,即可直接或间接地抑制山羊胃肠道电活动和运动.与对照期相比,给山羊皮下注射双氟醇胺后,其瘤胃背囊、皱胃幽门部及十二指肠近端的快、慢波电位振幅显著降低(P＜0.05),瘤胃运动的应力波值极显著减小(P＜0.01),但快、慢波频率无明显变化.瘤胃运动的应力波值与瘤胃快波电位振幅以及应力波延续时间与快波峰电位数间呈强正相关(R值分别为0.94±0.32和0.85±0.27).体外试验结果亦显示,双氯醇胺可使离体十二指肠段的快、慢波电位振幅减小,张力波值大幅度下降,张力曲线变得平滑.     

“催情促孕散”对绵羊子宫和输卵管肌电活动的影响

采用浆膜表面埋植以极引导电极,多道同时记录法,测定了“崔情促孕散”对休情期绵羊子宫和输卵管肌电活动的是宫体,子宫角,输卵管肌电活动的影响。结果表明：催情促孕散对子宫体,子宫角均有明显增强其肌电活动的峰电峰值,峰电频率,电活动时程的作用。     

雌二醇和催产素对乏情期绵羊子宫肌电活动性的影响

用微电极技术研究了４只乏情期绵羊自发性和激素诱导性子宫肌电图（ＥＭＧ），并同时测定了血浆１７β－雌二醇（Ｅ２β）和孕酮（Ｐ４）的。自发性子宫肌电图呈节率性静、动复合波丛的基础图型，平均峰电位频率为６８２次／小时，幅度１９０μＶ，子宫运动率（ＭＲ）７．３％。催产素（ＯＸＴ）可激发频率达１７２５次／小时，使基础波丛变为活动性单一波丛，ＭＲ＝８．４％（Ｐ＜０．０５）。苯甲酸睢二醇（Ｅ２）则对基础波丛呈抑     

绵羊食管、网胃和瘤胃电活动的研究

用RM-6008型记录仪记录了绵羊在安静、进食、反刍和嗳气等状态下的食管、网胃和瘤胃的前背囊、后背盲囊、后腹盲囊、前腹囊的电活动及其先后次序。结果表明:食管电呈群集型,只在进食、嗳气和反刍时出现。在各种生理状态下,网胃电最先出现,波型随生理状态不同而有差异。瘤胃电由第一次波(P波)和第二次波(S波)组成;P波开始于网胃电活动之后,出现频率与网胃电频率相同,其活动次序为,前背囊→后背囊→后腹盲囊→前腹囊,有时电活动止于后背盲囊;S波位于P波之后,其频率低于P波,且与进食和嗳气有关;进食时,S波出现频率最高,其活动次序是,前腹囊→后腹盲囊→后背盲囊→前背盲囊;嗳气时,S波活动次序是,后腹盲囊→后背盲囊→前背囊;安静和反刍时的活动次序与嗳气时相似。     

电针“足三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质对家兔结肠电的影响

以家兔近端结肠电的基本活动规律为指标,观察了电针足“三里”穴及刺激中脑导水管周围灰质(PAG)对近端结肠电的影响,同时对比观察了损毁部分PAG对电针效应的影响。结果:(1)在禁食、轻度麻醉状态下,近端结肠电慢波振幅为206±156μV,频率为14.9±1.7Hz,慢波上载有快波;(2)电针“足三里”穴对结肠电有抑制或兴奋效应,当有快渡活动时,主要呈现慢波振幅增加效应,有时也增加快波的振幅和幅度;而当没有快波活动时,电针主要减低慢波振幅。上述电针的作用可持续10～45min;(3)对44个pAG刺激点刺激的结果显示,16个点为结肠电兴奋点;13个为结肠电抑制点,而15个点为无效点。其中兴奋效应的潜伏期为1.1±0.95min,可持续2.45±1.4min;抑制效应的潜伏期为0.6±0.5min,可持续2.9±1.3min;(4)5只家兔损毁部分PAG后,电针效应减少23.8±16.6％。     

中药产复康对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩功能的影响

为了观察中药制剂产复康对离体子宫平滑肌的收缩功能,测定了产复康对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩功能和催产素引起的大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩功能的影响。结果发现低剂量产复康可以促进大鼠离体子宫平滑肌的收缩功能,提高子宫的活动性,高剂量则对子宫呈抑制作用;产复康对催产素引起的大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩功能具有抑制作用,且呈剂量-效应关系。产复康对大鼠离体子宫具有双向调节作用。     

Effect of Sanguinarine on Active Capacity of Isolated Rat Uterine Smooth Muscle in vitro and Its Mechanism

The study was aimed to explore the effects of the sanguinarine on activity of isolated rat uterine smooth muscle in vitro. The effect of the sanguinarine on activity of the isolated myometrium of non-pregnant Sprague-Dawley rats eight weeks old was recorded by BL-420F four channels physiological recorder. Four antagonists, atropine sulfate, ranitidine hydrochloride, propranolol hydrochloride and diphenhydramine hydrochloride were used to study their mechanism, respectively. The results showed that sanguinarine and Yuan hu painkillers markedly inhibited the frequency, amplitude and activity of uterine contractions induced by oxytocin injection (P<0.05). The inhibitory effect of sanguinarine on uterine muscle contractions was blocked after using diphenhydramine hydrochloride (H₁-receptor antagonist) and ranitidine hydrochloride (H₂-receptor antagonist). However, after using atropine sulfate (M-receptor antagonist) and propranolol hydrochloride (β-receptor antagonist), sanguinarine also significantly inhibited the contractions of rat uterine smooth muscle (P<0.05). It was concluded that the effect of sanguinarine on activity of uterine smooth muscle in rats was mainly associated with H₁ receptor or H₂ receptor but not M receptor or β receptor.     

血根碱对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩的影响及其机制研究

试验旨在研究血根碱对大鼠离体子宫平滑肌活动的影响。分离8周龄SD雌性未孕大鼠子宫平滑肌,通过BL-420F生物信号采集系统记录子宫平滑肌收缩频率和收缩幅度,计算子宫平滑肌活力。以硫酸阿托品、盐酸普萘洛尔、盐酸苯海拉明及盐酸雷尼替丁为阻断剂,观察血根碱对子宫平滑肌M、β、H₁、H₂受体的关系,探讨血根碱对子宫平滑肌的作用机制。结果显示,血根碱组和元胡止痛片组对缩宫素所致大鼠离体子宫平滑肌收缩频率、收缩幅度和活力均有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）;应用H₁受体阻断剂苯海拉明和H₂受体阻断剂雷尼替丁后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌抑制作用基本被阻断,而应用M受体阻断剂阿托品,β受体阻断剂普萘洛尔后,血根碱对子宫平滑肌收缩仍具有显著的抑制作用（P<0.05）。综上所述,血根碱对大鼠子宫平滑肌活力具有显著的抑制作用,可能是通过抑制H₁、H₂受体实现,与M、β受体无关。     

Morphometric and histochemical study of involution in the rat uterus after parturition

Morphological changes to and collagen loss from the rat uterus during postpartum involution were investigated. The expression patterns of collagen type III and myeloperoxidase (MPO) were also determined. Morphological changes were studied on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15, 20, 22 and 25 postpartum. As a control, diestrus rats’ uterine were used. Specimens from the uterine horn were embedded in paraffin, cut into 8 µm coronal sections, and stained with hematoxylin‐eosin. The thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers and of the endometrium were measured. The collagen content was determined using hydroxyproline analysis. Immunostaining was used to examine the expression of collagen type III on days 1, 3, 5, 10, 15 and 20 postpartum; and MPO on days 1, 3, 5, 10 and 22 postpartum. The thickness of the smooth muscle layers was found to decrease rapidly postpartum: the circular smooth muscle layer returned to that of a non‐pregnant, control uterus by day 5 postpartum and the longitudinal smooth muscle layer by day 15 postpartum. Eosinophilic cells were observed in the endometrial stroma adjacent to the myometrium on days 10, 15 and 20 postpartum, and were confirmed as collagenous cells. Immunostaining identified collagen type III positive cells in the vessel‐rich layer adjacent to the placental site on days 1, 3, 5 and 10 postpartum, and these cells were confirmed to be phagocytic. Postpartum reduction in the weight of the uterus was accompanied by decreases in both the collagen content and the thickness of the longitudinal and circular smooth muscle layers. Furthermore, the phagocytic cells were shown to express MPO during postpartum involution of the uterus.     

Gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta)

Two female rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta, 10 and 24 years old) developed microcytic anemia and became terminally ill. At necropsy, large gastric masses were present, and, in one case, there were widespread abdominal metastases. Except for slightly atypical patterns, at the light microscopic level, the lesions resembled smooth muscle tumors. Ultrastructurally, however, cells in both tumors resembled primitive mesenchyme, while in one of the tumors, there were some characteristics of Schwann cells. No ultrastructural features of smooth muscle were present in either tumor. Vimentin and S-100 were detected immunohistochemically in both tumors. S-100 staining was more intense in the tumor with ultrastructural features of Schwann cells. Actin and desmin were not expressed in either gastric tumor, but diffusely stained a uterine tumor that was concomitantly present in one of the rhesus monkeys. The uterine tumor also exhibited typical ultrastructural features of smooth muscle. In the past, gastrointestinal stromal tumors in all species were thought to be of smooth muscle origin. Recently in human pathology, this conventional viewpoint has given way to the realization that there is a spectrum of neural crest and mesenchymal tumors. We report two gastric stromal tumors in two rhesus monkeys that histologically resembled smooth muscle tumors but were of neuroectodermal and primitive mesenchymal origin.     

Influence of mycotoxins on spontaneous contraction in myometrial strips of prepubertal lamb

The effects of mycotoxin zearalenone and their major metabolites alpha- and beta-zearalenol on spontaneous contractions in isolated lamb uterine smooth muscle were examined. The study was carried out on 20 female prepubertal lambs aged between 45 and 50 days. Myometrial strips were set up in two isolated organ baths (10ml) at 37 degrees C and were exposed to increasing concentrations (10(-11)M-10(-6)M) of these mycoestrogens and results were compared with the effect, at the same concentrations, of natural estrogen 17beta-estradiol. Our findings suggest that mycotoxins and 17beta-estradiol, at nanomolar concentrations, rapidly enhance phasic spontaneous smooth muscle contraction. In particular, zearalenone increases the uterine activity similarly to 17beta-estradiol. On the contrary, its metabolite alpha-zearalenol significantly inhibits myometrial contractility.     

Uterine angiolipoleiomyoma in a dog.

An 11-year-old crossbred Pomeranian bitch displayed a large intramural, well-delineated uterine mass in one horn, near the junction with the uterine body. The mass was composed largely of mature adipose tissue, smooth muscle cells singly and in small clusters, anomalous medium-size and large arteries, and multifocal islands of cartilaginous and osseous tissues. Smooth muscle cells stained positively for desmin, and adipocytes and chondrocytes were positive for S-100 protein. This tumor has histologic and immunohistochemical features compatible with human uterine angiolipoleiomyoma, a rare tumor that has never been reported in the veterinary literature. This benign tumor is believed to be of a choristomatous nature.     

Immunohistochemical Localization of the Progesterone and Oestrogen α Receptors in the Uterine Horns of the African Giant Rat (Cricetomys gambianus)

The present study investigated the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors in the uterine horns of the African giant rat during the oestrous cycle. The progesterone and oestrogen α receptors were demonstrated in various cellular constituents of the endometrium, myometrium and perimetrium. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the endometrial and myometrial layers of the uterine horns varied during the oestrous cycle. The intensity of oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the luminal epithelium was high during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. Progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity in the endometrial epithelia was absent during metoestrus. Moderate to strong immunostaining for the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors was demonstrated in the myometrial smooth muscle cells during pro‐oestrus, oestrus and dioestrus. The intensity of progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunostaining in the myometrial smooth muscle cells was low during metoestrus. Stromal cells in the perimetrium consistently expressed progesterone and oestrogen α receptor immunoreactivity throughout the oestrous cycle. The findings of the study indicate that in the giant rat the immunolocalization of the progesterone and oestrogen α receptors, in endometrial and myometrial regions of the uterine horns, varies during the oestrous cycle.