Effect of Seed Drying on Germination Behavior and Seedling Growth of Sweetsop （Annona squamosa）

An experiment was conducted at the Department of Horticulture, College of Agriculture and Natural Resources, Kwame Nkrumah University of Science and Technology, Kumasi （KNUST） Ghana from September, 2009 to April, 2010, to determine the most appropriate drying method, as a post harvest practice, that would ensure high percentage germination ofAnnona squamosa seeds and its subsequent effect on seedling growth. The seeds were sun-dried, air-dried under shade or kept in the fresh state. Five treatments were used, namely, Freshly Sown seeds （Treatment 1, control）, Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for one day （Treatment 2）; Seeds Sun-Dried for one day （Treatment 3）; Seeds Air-Dried under Shade for three consecutive days （Treatment 4）; Seeds Sun-Dried for three consecutive days （Treatment 5）. The experiment was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design （CRD） and replicated three times. Drying of Annona squamosa seeds had significant effect on earliness and number of seeds germinated. Air drying under shade and sun-drying for three consecutive days improved earliness to germination （26 days after sowing） and percent total germination but air-drying under shade had better effect on total seed germination, achieving 90% germination in 42 days after sowing. Furthermore, the prevailing ambient temperature of 30 ℃-32 ℃ enhanced germination of Annona squamosa seeds. The study concluded that for optimum germination, seeds of Annona squamosa should be either air-dried or sun-dried for three consecutive days and be incubated in an ambient temperature range of 30 ℃-32 ℃. In terms of growth, seedling growth in leaf production was better from seeds sun-dried for three consecutive days.     

野生大豆资源的研究与利用

对野生大豆资源的分布、起源、分类、研究与利用5方面进行了阐述,并从野生大豆的产量品质、生理性状、杂种优势的优良特性及其在生物技术中的应用角度介绍了野生大豆资源研究利用的情况。     

华北地区四个野生大豆保护区野生大豆种子耐盐性的比较研究

以4个野生大豆保护区共40个野生大豆种质为材料,在种子萌发期对其进行NaCl不同浓度(25mmol/L、75 mmol/L、125 mmol/L、175 mmol/L)的盐胁迫处理,分析其4项耐盐指标,研究不同地区野生大豆种质耐盐性。结果表明:随着NaCl浓度的提高,供试材料发芽率、发芽势、发芽指数和萌发活力指数逐渐降低。低盐浓度下,盐分对某些野生大豆种子萌发有一定的促进作用。聚类分析表明,垦利地区K21、K27和武清地区W34、W35、W39种质的耐盐性较强;安新地区A2、A4、A5,冀州地区J14、J16、J17、J18、J20,垦利地区K25种质具有较弱的耐盐性;其它供试材料耐盐性一般。     

野生大豆(Glycine soya)光合生理学研究进展

野生大豆是栽培大豆的近缘野生物种,具有较强的抗逆性和适应能力,可利用野生大豆资源拓宽大豆遗传基础、改良栽培大豆。近年来,国内外野生大豆研究已经取得了一定的进步。本文从光合生理学的角度,综述了近年来野生大豆的研究进展,旨为我国野生大豆科研和生产提供参考。     

山西省野生大豆资源遗传多样性分析

 【目的】明确山西省野生大豆的遗传多样性程度及其数量性状多样性的地理分布,为山西省野生大豆种质资源的利用和保护提供依据。【方法】以山西省已编目入库的544份野生大豆为材料,对其质量性状、数量性状及SSR标记进行遗传多样性分析。【结果】研究的8个质量性状,山西省半野生大豆的遗传多样性高于野生大豆;太原材料的遗传多样性高于山西省材料。4个数量性状的研究结果显示,野生大豆的变异程度高于半野生大豆,山西材料的变异程度高于太原材料;初步推断37～38°N、112～113°E经纬小区为山西省野生大豆数量性状的多样性中心。利用30对SSR引物分析了49份山西太原野生大豆材料,共检测到208个等位变异,每个SSR位点的等位变异范围为4～11个,平均为7个;引物的Shannon-weaver指数的分布范围为0.7451～2.1081,平均为1.5030;位点多态信息量（PIC）值的分布范围为0.3813～0.8575,平均为0.7007。【结论】表型和分子检测结果都表明,太原野生大豆材料的变异类型丰富、多样性程度较高。     

等渗胁迫下PEG和NaCl对野大豆萌发的影响

[目的]阐明干旱胁迫与盐胁迫的关系,为整体性抗逆研究提供参考。[方法]分别用NaCl、PEG模拟盐胁迫和干旱胁迫,测定等渗透胁迫下野大豆种子的萌发率、发芽势、发芽指数和生长情况。[结果]PEG处理抑制了野大豆的萌发,计数第1天-0.4、-0.8MPaPEG处理的发芽率均明显低于对照。-0.4MPaNaCl促进野大豆的萌发,-1.6MPaNaCl处理发芽率明显降低。低浓度的PEG和NaCl对萌发率影响不大,高浓度的PEG和NaCl降低发芽率,且等渗的PEG对野大豆的发芽率抑制强于NaCl。发芽势、发芽指数的变化与发芽率的变化相似,PEG和NaCl降低种子的萌发势。[结论]野大豆种子对盐胁迫具有更大的萌发耐受能力。在该试验浓度范围内,影响盐生植物种子萌发的因素主要是渗透胁迫。     

中国野生大豆研究二十年

全国野生大豆考察已有２０ 年了。２０ 年来,我国大豆科技工作者从农艺学、生态学、品质化学、生理生化、植保、遗传育种、孢粉学、种群生态学、结构植物学和分子生物学等学科对其进行了全面系统的研究,概述了近１０ 年来该方面的主要研究进展     

野生大豆种子cDNA文库构建及其球蛋白基因克隆

以优质野生大豆(Glycine soja)的近成熟种子为材料成功构建了野生大豆cDNA文库,库容量为9.594×105克隆,文库的重组率约为93.7%。PCR检测重组克隆的插入片段平均大于1 000bp,表明构建的近成熟种子cDNA文库质量较高。从文库中随机挑选252个克隆进行3′端测序,得到217条表达序列标签(EST),测序结果表明,片断大于500bp;野生大豆与栽培大豆(Glycine max)球蛋白的cDNA序列存在99%相似性。     

野生大豆与栽培大豆种子营养成分比较

以野生大豆(Glycine soja)和栽培大豆(Glycine max)为试验材料,分析了其种子营养成分。结果表明,野生大豆子粒中粗蛋白含量高于栽培大豆,粗脂肪、总糖、总异黄酮及粗纤维含量低于栽培大豆。野生大豆和栽培大豆中均检出10种脂肪酸,其中亚油酸、亚麻酸、油酸含量较高,野生大豆中硬脂酸、油酸、亚油酸、花生酸、亚麻酸、花生一烯酸含量高于栽培大豆。野生大豆与栽培大豆均检出16种氨基酸,野生大豆的组氨酸、丝氨酸、精氨酸、异亮氨酸、缬氨酸及赖氨酸含量高于栽培大豆。栽培大豆的总氨基酸含量高于野生大豆。     

Genetic Diversity and Evolutionary Tendency Detected by Isozyme, RFLP and RAPD Markers in the Wild and Cultivated Soybean in China

A large numbers of samples of wild soybean accessions and cultivated soybean landraces from various areas in China were analyzed by isozyrme, cytoplasmic DNA RFLP and nuclear DNA RAPD markers in order to reveal their genetic diversity. Greater comprehensive genetic diversity was detected in wild soybean than in cultivated soybean. The genetic plentifulness and the genetic dispersion of wild soybean were 180 (95. 2％) and 0. 2891 while those of cultivated soybean were 154(81.5％) and 0. 2091,respectively. On the most loci, especially on isozyme loci Idh1, Aph, Idh2,and Dia, cytoplasmic DNA RFLP loci cp Ⅰ , cp Ⅲ, mt Ⅳ a and mt Ⅳ b, and nuclear RAPD loci OPAP4-8, OPAP5-1, OPAP9-8 and OPAP20-8, the wild soybeans djffered remarkably from the cultivated ones in allele frequency. These markers could be used in further study on the evolution and origin of the cultivated soybean.     

吉林省龙井保护区野生大豆居群遗传多样性的研究

利用28对SSR引物对吉林省龙井保护区一个居群的32份野生大豆进行了遗传多样性分析,共检测到120个等位变异,平均等位变异数为4.29个。32份野生大豆的遗传相似系数为0.58～1.0,平均相似系数为0.63。聚类分析结果表明,此居群野生大豆的生长趋势与地理位置有明显的相关性,呈遗传斑块生长。28对SSR引物得到的Simpson指数分布范围为0.119 1～0.673 8,平均值为0.454 4;Shannon-weaver指数分布范围为0.277 1～1.478 3,平均值为0.8865。通过遗传多样性指数表明:吉林省龙井保护区此居群的野生大豆具有较高的遗传多样性。