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【目的】水稻光温敏不育系的提纯保真繁殖对于两系法杂交水稻的发展和应用具有十分重要的意义。现有提纯繁殖技术多以防止起点温度漂移为目的,而忽视了生物学性状的提纯保真。为解决这些问题,本研究结合光温敏不育系Y58S的多年大规模原种生产实践,建立了水稻光温敏不育系"六圃法"提纯保真原种繁殖体系。【方法】该技术体系基本步骤如下:首先,直接从生产上大规模制种使用的不育系种子中取样,种植"典型单株筛选圃",进行典型单株初选;其次,通过"起点温度鉴定圃"筛选不育起点温度基本一致的核心单株,进行起点温度纯化;然后,通过"群体观察圃"、"配合力鉴定圃"和"制种试验圃"来确保光温敏不育系的遗传背景基本纯合和表型整齐一致,从而决选保真核心株系,进而获得保真核心种子;最后,建立连续稳定的品种"专一性原种繁殖圃"来实现原原种和原种的高纯度生产。【结论】实践证明,该技术体系可确保获得育性稳定、表型整齐,且遗传背景来源基本一致的光温敏不育系原种,大幅度提高水稻光温敏不育系繁殖的安全可靠性和生产效率。2008年以来,应用该技术体系生产了249万kg Y58S生产用种,基本消灭了同形可育株,纯度全部达到99.5%以上。目前这些Y58S生产用种已经全部销售给各种业公司进行杂交制种,生产的杂交种子推广1474万hm2以上。 相似文献
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水稻光温敏核不育机理设想及光温敏核不育系选育策略 总被引:4,自引:0,他引:4
为更深入了解水稻光温敏核不育的遗传机理,综述了我国水稻光温敏核不育机理研究取得的成就及存在问题,提出了水稻光温敏核不育机理新设想,即水稻光温敏不育系中不存在光敏不育基因和温敏不育基因,其育性转换是主效不育基因与发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果;正常水稻品种中存在的不育基因位点(微效不育基因)可影响光温敏核不育系的不育起点温度,微效不育基因聚合越多,则不育系不育起点温度越低;微效不育基因完全纯合,则不育起点温度不会漂变。基于不育机理新设想,提出了光温敏核不育系选育的策略,即不同生态区、不同生态类型的光温敏核不育系选育的光温指标不一样,增压选择是选育低不育起点温度核不育系的技术核心,全面提高综合性状水平和配合力是选育实用光温敏核不育系技术的关键。 相似文献
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培育两系杂交稻是作物杂交优势利用育种领域中的一项重大革新。早在 1 973年 ,石明松发现水稻光敏核不育株农垦5 8S ,并于 1 981年提出两用核不育系概念 ,杂交水稻育种开始进入一个新的阶段即两系法阶段。两系法杂交优势利用 ,因其只需要光温敏核不育系和恢复系两个育种材料而得名。光温敏核不育系在低温或短日照条件下表现可育 ,自交结实繁殖种子 ;在高温或长日照条件下表现不育 ,可以用来与恢复系制种 ,生产杂交种子。由于光温敏核不育系能一系两用 ,与三系法相比 ,生产种子少了一个环节 ,便简化了种子生产程序。尤其是光温敏核不育系由… 相似文献
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两系法杂交水稻研究和应用中若干问题的思与行 总被引:6,自引:0,他引:6
指出了当前我国两系法杂交水稻研究和应用中面临的主要问题,即两系法杂交水稻体系中不育系的称谓和分类不规范,生产上利用的水稻两用核不育系育性温光反应特性研究不清楚,水稻两用核不育系繁殖和两系法杂交稻制种基地选择不当等。针对当前情形,结合多年育种实践,提出了解决这些问题的对策及措施。建议将水稻两用核不育系分为长光高温不育型、高温不育型、短光低温不育型、低温不育型等四种类型。提出了水稻光温不育机理设想,即水稻光温敏核不育系育性转换是主效不育基因与其位置相近的发育感光基因或(和)发育感温基因相互作用的结果,微效不育基因可影响两用核不育系的不育起点温度。只有深入研究光温敏型不育系育性的光温组合效应,且获得具体的光温指标,才能更好地指导两系法杂交水稻制种和不育系繁殖。提出了水稻两用核不育系育性光温特性的鉴定方法以及两系法杂交稻种子生产应根据不育系育性温光特性和历史气象资料来合理安排基地和时段。 相似文献
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概述了海峡两岸农业交流与合作的现状,提出了应该共同呼吁尽快实现两岸“三通”,开放农业生物技术图书期刊资料交流以及开放生物学科方面网络的思路,以便为农业交流与合作的顺畅开展打好基础,并寄希望能够就糖蔗、果蔗以及甘蔗笋等方面的研究与开发到台湾学习取经,开展学术交流或与台湾同行共同开展研究,为我省甘蔗业的发展作出贡献。 相似文献
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Sorghum and millet phenols and antioxidants 总被引:5,自引:2,他引:5
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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《Journal of Cereal Science》2007,45(3):236-251
Sorghum is a good source of phenolic compounds with a variety of genetically dependent types and levels including phenolic acids, flavonoids, and condensed tannins. Most sorghums do not contain condensed tannins, but all contain phenolic acids. Pigmented sorghums contain unique anthocyanins that could be potential food colorants. Some sorghums have a prominent pigmented testa that contains condensed tannins composed of flavan-3-ols with variable length. Flavan-3-ols of up to 8–10 units have been separated and quantitatively analyzed. These tannin sorghums are excellent antioxidants, which slow hydrolysis in foods, produce naturally dark-colored products and increase the dietary fiber levels of food products. Sorghums have high concentration of 3-deoxyanthocyanins (i.e. luteolinidin and apigenidin) that give stable pigments at high pH. Pigmented and tannin sorghum varieties have high antioxidant levels that are comparable to fruits and vegetables. Finger millet has tannins in some varieties that contain a red testa. There are limited data on the phenolic compounds in millets; only phenolic acids and flavones have been identified. 相似文献
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Summary Between 1993 and 1998 205 different potato cultivars and 1220 accessions/genotypes of wild and cultivated potato species from
the IPK Genebank Gatersleben were evaluated. Parameters interesting for starch isolation and especially for the use of starch
were determined. Altogether, there was a higher variability in wild potato species than in cultivated potatoes for all characteristics
investigated: dry matter content, starch content, protein content, amylose content and mean particle diameter of starch granules. 相似文献
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近年来,随着大豆播种面积的增长,受病虫危害日趋严重。特别是大豆根潜蝇(又名根明)与根腐病共同发生危害,严重影响大豆的生产。综合防治技术主要手段是三年以上轮作,适时播种及种衣剂拌种等措施。 相似文献
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In field experiments conducted over 2 years in Mediterranean conditions, five winter and five spring triticales were evaluated for forage and grain production in the same cropping season. The experiments had two treatments, namely harvesting for grain only, and dual-purpose forage and grain production. In the latter treatment, forage was cut when the first node was detectable (Zadoks' stage 31), without removing the apical meristems. Grain was harvested when ripe (Zadoks' stage 92) in both cut and uncut plots.
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
Environmental conditions affected grain production and protein content more than forage yield and quality. Winter triticales yielded about 43% more forage than spring types, but after forage removal the spring types yielded about 36% more grain than winter triticales.
Reductions in grain yield after clipping were more pronounced in winter (32%) than in spring (19%) types. Forage crude protein content was significantly higher in the spring types studied (24.6%) than in the winter types (23.5%), the opposite being true for fibre content (20.7 and 21.6% respectively). Grain crude protein content did not differ between grain and dual-purpose treatments, but was higher in the spring triticales (12.8%) than in the winter types (11.9%). There was more variability for the measured traits within the winter triticales studied than within the spring types. 相似文献
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种子加工、检验理论与技术现状及思考 总被引:3,自引:0,他引:3
种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实“育繁推一体化”种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献
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种子加工及检验是种子向市场流通的关键,是商业化育种中赋予种子商品属性不可或缺的环节。种子加工、检验理论与技术的研究是完善种业产业链、实现规模化商业育种、夯实"育繁推一体化"种业科学的重要一环。中国的种业科学技术体系正在形成与完善之中,受制于行业发展水平,种子加工及检验理论与技术相对薄弱。本文回顾了种子加工及检验理论与技术研究发展历程,提出了完善中国种业科学发展的策略与建议。围绕种业发展的需要,在做好品种优质化繁育的基础上,分析种子加工及检验理论与技术的新方向和新需求,加强种业应用性研究,建立先进的种子质量检验体系,研制适合现代种业发展需求的种子加工设备,打造种子加工产业标准化生产体系,完善种业科学技术学科建设,促进种业产业持续健康发展。 相似文献