夏玉米叶面积指数增长模型的研究

以玉米多品种多年试验资料，研究了反映区域叶面积指数(LAI)动态变化的模拟模型，该模型以积温指标表示的生育阶段为自变量，综合不同地理位置、品种、播期、密度等的影响，是一个扩展的Logistic叶面积生长模型，经检验可很好地模拟不同生育阶段叶面积指数动态变化，可用于区域作物生长模拟模型和区域作物生长监测及遥感估产。     

玉米不同叶位叶片SPAD值的变化及其与生物量的相关性

用大田试验研究了平展型玉米农大364和紧凑型玉米郑单958不同叶位叶片SPAD值的变化规律及不同生育时期功能叶片的SPAD值与生物量的相关关系。结果表明:(1)同一品种玉米叶片的SPAD值随叶位的升高而增加,至植株中间部位叶达到最大值,之后降低。品种间无差异;(2)2个品种相同叶位叶片的SPAD值随生育进程的变化趋势一致,均随叶片生长增加,中期稳定一段时间后又随叶片的衰老而下降。紧凑型玉米下部叶片生育中后期SPAD值显著低于平展型玉米;而平展型玉米顶部叶片在生育中后期及中部叶片在生育后期的SPAD值显著低于紧凑型玉米;(3)苗期至吐丝期,玉米功能叶片的SPAD值与单株生物量呈显著正相关,但吐丝期以后无明显关系。     

水稻新品种机插高产栽培试验

机插秧是当前主推的稻作技术,为了筛选适宜本地区栽培的水稻机插品种,开展了21个中熟中粳品种进行比较试验,在生育特性、抗逆性等方面进行鉴定比较。试验结果:在2014年特殊气候条件下,早熟、大穗、抗倒性好的品种产量较高。     

超高产与普通玉米叶片生长动态变化比较研究

对不同密度下2个超高产玉米品种（先玉335、郑单958）与2个普通玉米品种（长城799、通吉100）的叶片生长动态生理指标进行观测,比较超高产玉米与普通玉米不同生育时期叶片的生长变化规律及差异。试验结果表明：4个玉米品种每株能生长出多少叶片是由其遗传型决定的,不同密度对其分化出叶片数量的稳定性,并无重大影响。超高产玉米...     

夏秋季节性干旱对南方春玉米主要农艺性状的影响研究

试验研究了我国南方地区夏、秋季节性干旱条件下春玉米主要农艺性状的变化,结果表明,夏、秋季节性干旱使玉米线性灌浆期、叶面积稳定期及生育期缩短,秃顶增加,穗粒数减少,千粒重降低,产量下降,其中对晚熟品种影响较大,中熟品种次之,早熟品种较小,且不同品种减产幅度不同。根据其影响的大小可选出抗旱能力较强的春玉米品种。     

华北平原不同基因型夏玉米水分-产量响应关系

对两个耗水和产量特性不同的夏玉米品种即鲁单981和郑单958,在不同生育阶段进行不同程度的水分胁迫试验,分析了作物耗水量、产量及其性状和阶段水分-产量响应系数(Ky)。结果表明,夏玉米各个生育阶段的水分亏缺对产量的影响不同,开花期的水分亏缺对产量影响最大,而拔节期的最小。品种间水分亏缺对产量的影响也存在差异,开花期最明显,此期两品种产量响应系数分别为1.4和1.2。     

超高产与普通玉米叶片生长动态变化比较研究

对不同密度下2个超高产玉米品种(先玉335、郑单958)与2个普通玉米品种(长城799、通吉100)的叶片生长动态生理指标进行观测,比较超高产玉米与普通玉米不同生育时期叶片的生长变化规律及差异。试验结果表明:4个玉米品种每株能生长出多少叶片是由其遗传型决定的,不同密度对其分化出叶片数量的稳定性,并无重大影响。超高产玉米的叶片数量,出叶速度和叶面积指数要略高于普通型玉米。     

东北地区近46年玉米气候资源变化研究

利用东北3省70个基本气象站1961—2006年逐日日平均气温、日最低气温资料,计算分析各年代80％保证率下≥10℃初日、初霜日、生育期天数、≥10℃有效积温及玉米不同品种的布局变化。结果表明：与20世纪60年代相比,玉米气候资源在2001—2006年增加较显著。≥10℃初日除大兴安岭漠河外其它地区普遍提前了2～10d;初霜日除大兴安岭地区提前5～20d,小兴安岭和辽宁省变化不明显,其它地区普遍推迟5～10d;生育期天数除大兴安岭北部减少10d左右,吉林省北部变化不明显,其它地区普遍增加了10d左右;≥10℃有效积温除大兴安岭变化不明显,其它地区普遍增加200～400℃·d。在玉米适宜生长区域内适宜播种期较60年代普遍提前了2～10d;不同品种熟型玉米分布界线在2001—2006年北移东扩很显著,小兴安岭可以种植极早熟品种,三江平原成为中熟和中晚熟品种区域,松嫩平原南部亦可种植晚熟品种,长白山地带以前不能满足玉米生育热量条件的区域,也可以种植早熟品种了。     

郑单958玉米生态适应性研究初报

通过在北方春玉米区的多点联合试验表明,郑单958玉米各阶段生育天教随纬度增高而逐渐延长,北纬45°以北地区不能达到正常生理成熟.不同试点间产量差异显著,表现出随纬度升高逐渐降低;与当地对照品种相比,增产幅度由南向北逐渐减少,在北纬45.2°左右时基本与当地对照品种持平,随纬度再升高减产幅度逐渐增大.     

玉米新品种甘玉早803选育报告

甘玉早803玉米新品种是以自选系GZ89为母本、GZ70为父本育成的极早熟玉米杂交种。2016 — 2017年参加甘肃省旱作玉米极早熟品种区域试验,平均折合产量9 093.0 kg/hm2,比对照品种德美亚2号 增产 5.6%。籽粒含粗蛋白99.9 g/kg、粗脂肪52 g/kg、粗淀粉713.3 g/kg、赖氨酸2.6 g/kg、容重794 g/L。属优质玉米,高抗丝黑穗病。可在甘肃极早熟春玉米区推广种植。     

Mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and micromorphology of the Middle and Late Pleistocene loesses and paleosols in the center of the East European Plain

The mineralogical composition of the clay fraction and microfabrics of the cryogenic soil-loess sequences of the Middle and Late Pleistocene ages have been studied near the northern boundary of loess sediments on the East European Plain. Poorly ordered mixed-layered mica-smectitic minerals with different portions of smectitic layers predominate in the clay fraction; di-and trioctahedral hydromicas occupy the second place. The clay fraction also contains chlorite, clay-size quartz grains, and feldspars. Individual smectite is present in some of the samples. Interstadial chernozem-like paleosols are specified by the higher content of clay, the maximum concentration of smectitic layers in the mixed-layered minerals, and the presence of individual smectite. The clay fraction in the profiles of interglacial paleosols is sharply differentiated: in the eluvial part, it is depleted of smectite and enriched in kaolinite, hydromica, and clay-size quartz. These features allow us to suppose that interglacial paleosols were subjected to podzolization processes. According to the mineralogical indices, Middle Pleistocene paleosols can be differentiated into those subjected to lessivage (the Kamenskii interglacial paleosol) and podzolization (the Inzhavin interglacial paleosol).     

真菌及混合菌对锯木屑类腐殖质形成和转化的影响

采用液体摇瓶培养,在接种单一真菌(木霉、黑曲霉或青霉)和混合菌情况下,研究其对锯木屑类腐殖质组成和转化的影响,旨在揭示微生物利用木质素形成腐殖质的可能性,为土壤腐殖质形成提供理论参考和依据。结论如下:(1)在培养体系中,黑曲霉、青霉和混合菌在培养初期的快速繁殖致使代谢液中可溶性碳数量降低,随菌落繁殖渐趋平衡,降解作用增强,残留物中有机碳组分不断向代谢液中释放有机碳小分子,菌球的吸附作用更加速了这一过程,促使代谢液中有机碳数量急剧增加。木霉对残留物的降解作用显著,随后部分微生物量碳随菌体死亡重新进入残留物中,使得代谢液有机碳数量先增加后减少。整个培养过程中,残留物中碳的数量因降解作用而呈减少趋势。(2)WSS表现为先降低后升高的趋势。(3)接种菌悬液可迅速增大HLA和HLu的含碳量。青霉处理HLA组分一直处于降解阶段,而其他3个处理在培养初期均有利于HLA降解,随微生物自身合成和缩合作用的进一步增强,新的HLA形成。(4)培养初期,FLA的形成速度大于HLA,随后FLA逐渐向HLA转化。(5)培养结束后,各处理FLA分子趋于简单,而HLA分子在整个培养过程中先简单化,而后趋于复杂,新形成的HLA分子结构较复杂。(6)培养初期,木霉和黑曲霉的繁殖促使HLu数量增大,后期HLu逐渐向易溶态有机碳转化,青霉在培养中前期对HLu主要表现为降解,后期随菌体数量扩大,HLu数量再次提高,而混合菌处理HLu的数量一直处于递减状态。培养结束后,各处理HLu的数量均有所增加。     

Overview of the structure and the challenges of Japanese wildlife law and policy

Japan has a variety of laws to conserve and manage wildlife and biodiversity. This article reviews Japanese laws from conservation of endangered species to the fish and game code, and indicates the issues and challenges they face. It then discusses the issues and challenges for management in the application of the laws.The Japanese statute for conservation of endangered species corresponds to the US Endangered Species Act in appearance, but is much more limited in application and scope. There is no legal channel, such as lawsuits, to assure citizens’ and experts’ input. With respect to general species, management of fish and animals are divided; the fish code’s scope is limited to fishery purposes. Control of wildlife damage is the biggest emphasis in the wildlife code. Reform to bring principles of scientific management into pest control has begun, but conventional culling is still the norm.Japan’ wildlife and fish management is distinctive in relying upon local resource users, instead of on a strong regulatory agency. This is a consequence of traditional communal management, and is apparent in coastal fisheries. The depopulation and exhaustion of rural communities, however, makes it difficult to rely on the community for management. In particular, wildlife management, which relies on aging hunters, is facing a turning point. To address these changes, agencies must be strengthened and lawmakers must enact a mechanism to assure sound science in wildlife policy, while working to revitalize rural communities.     

下一代Internet发展综述——下一代Internet的产生和发展

本文论述了IPV6产生的社会原因,阐述了国外发达国家下一代Internet的发展状况和中国下一代Internet的发展状况及最新进展。     

Solods of the Baraba Lowland and the Priobskoe Plateau: Their properties and genesis and the methods of their diagnostics

The properties, hydrological features, and genesis of the solods occurring in the Baraba Lowland and Priobskoe Plateau were studied. Methods for determining the hydromorphism degree are considered; the features of the similarity and differences between the solods and other soils with textural profile differentiation are shown. Depending on the reasons for the waterlogging, the solods should be divided into two groups: the solods of groundwater waterlogging and the solods of surface waterlogging. Criteria for their discrimination are suggested: the ratio between the contents of the clay fraction in the parent rock (or in the B2 horizon) and that in the A2 horizon, the changes in the pH values along the soil profiles, and the content of nonsilicate iron compounds. The solods studied are shown to be formed under the conditions of a stagnant-percolative regime and gleying. This circumstance is an obligatory and sufficient reason for the formation of the light-colored acid eluvial (A2) horizons. According to some basic properties of the soil solid phase (the acidity, the total chemical composition, and the clay pattern in the eluvial part), the gleyed solods are close or identical to the gleyed soddy-podzolic and gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils. At the same time, the solods differ from the gleyed chernozem-like podzolic soils by their thicker A1 (or Ap) horizon and their higher humus content (5–7%).     

优化书库环境加强图书保护

通过分析损害图书的各种自然因素,阐明优化书库环境、加强图书保护的重要性。     

陶寺古城形成与选址的环境与文化背景研究

临汾地区的陶寺遗址是黄河中游地区发现的夏代之前的都邑性古城。通过对临汾地区和陶寺遗址区域自然环境条件的研究和分析,结合区域考古学文化的发展,探讨了陶寺古城的形成原因以及选址影响因素。研究表明:全新世中期至陶寺文化时期,临汾盆地由于较为暖湿的气候条件、良好的土地资源和水资源条件,区域内的新石器文化获得了持续发展。仰韶文化中晚期,我国中原地区及北方地区的新石器文化均获得了快速发展。临汾地区不仅处于这一文化发达区域的中心位置,而且地处我国中原核心地区同北方和东北地区文化交流的重要通道上,同时也是我国东西向文化交流的通道之一,由于这种优越的地理位置,临汾地区的区域文化优势地位逐渐显露出来。相当于龙山文化晚期的陶寺文化时期,相较其他中原核心地区,临汾地区受水患影响较小,区域文化的强势地位进一步凸显,因而成为都邑性古城兴起之地。陶寺文化时期,古城所在的黄土台地冲沟尚未下切,南河和宋村沟均为宽浅的沟谷型河流,高于平原地面的黄土台地既有利于设防又能有效规避水患,在塔儿山上游地区拥有较大汇水面积的南河和宋村沟又可以提供丰富稳定的水源,因而是营建古城的理想场所。     

水氮耦合对苹果光合特性和果实品质的影响

通过不同灌水量和施氮处理,研究水氮耦合对红富士苹果光合特性及品质的影响。结果表明:红富士苹果的光合特性在不同水肥组合下的变化不同,其光合作用存在明显的“午休”现象。中水高肥和高水高肥的肥水组合对光合速率的保持有一定的作用。低水中肥的肥水组合的蒸腾速率最低,保水效果最好。中度水分供应条件下,施用较多的氮肥可以提高气孔导度利于光合的进行。肥水管理以灌溉量5250m³/hm²、氮肥施用量600kg/hm²方案能获得较高的品质效益。     

Glyphosate and the response of the soil microbiota

Limited information on the effect of glyphosate (N-phosphonomethylglycine) on soil microorganisms justified an inquiry into the response of soil actinomycetes, bacteria and fungi in terms of their respiration, and sensitivity of isolates. Low concentrations of glyphosate had little effect on total populations of these organisms during the 214-day experiment, while high concentrations initially increased actinomycete and bacterial numbers by 2 and 1$\text{case1}\text{2}$ logs, respectively. The stimulation was followed by a decline and fluctuation showing a gradual increase in numbers. The respiration rates of the soil microbiota in soil suspensions, showed some irregular stimulation and retardation with up to 10 μg glyphosate ml^?1. In contrast high doses suppressed O₂ uptake by the microbiota. Fungi were the least affected. Pronounced inhibition of actinomycete and bacterial respiration was in agreement with the results from isolate replication. The results indicated both stimulation and inhibition of O₂ uptake by some organisms within these groups. In contrast to some reports of limited, short-term inquiries these results showed considerable effects of glyphosate on soil microorganisms.