奶牛的蛋氨酸营养研究进展

蛋氨酸作为单胃动物的添加剂已有40多年的历史,但随着人们对反刍动物蛋白质与氨基酸营养研究的深入,已经证实,蛋氨酸常常是乳蛋白生成的第一、第二限制性氨基酸,对奶牛(尤其是高产奶牛)的产奶性     

瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸稳定性的研究

采用不同比例的动物油包被蛋氨酸制成瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸I(RPMetⅠ)、瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸Ⅱ(RPMetⅡ)和瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸III(RPMetⅢ)。通过人工唾液消化试验、体内尼龙袋试验和人工真胃液消化试验,检验DL蛋氨酸(DLMet)、商品过瘤胃蛋氨酸(BypassMet)和瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸(RPMetⅠ、RPMetⅡ和RPMetⅢ)的稳定性。试验结果表明,三种动物油包被蛋氨酸的稳定性均好于商品过瘤胃蛋氨酸和DL-蛋氨酸;不同比例的动物油包被对瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸稳定性的影响差异显著(P<0.05)。     

奶牛过瘤胃蛋氨酸营养研究进展

过瘤胃蛋氨酸是奶牛泌乳和乳蛋白合成的主要限制性氨基酸之一,小肠可消化蛋氨酸的缺乏是影响奶牛高产和乳品质提高的重要因素,添加过瘤胃蛋氨酸能够提高奶牛产奶量和乳蛋白含量。     

保护性蛋氨酸对奶牛生产的试验

本试验研究了过瘤胃蛋氨酸 (RPMet)对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验结果表明 ,奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸 ,可以提高奶牛的产奶量 14.6% ,乳脂肪含量提高 12 .6% ,乳蛋白含量提高 11.65 %。     

瘤胃保护性氨基酸（RPAA）的营养研究进展

蛋白质是泌乳奶牛日粮的主要限制性营养成分之一,尤其是对于泌乳初期的奶牛,采食蛋白质的量常常不足。并且日粮中的蛋白质在瘤胃中的降解是一种低效的营养过程,因而饲喂高浓度的蛋白质日粮并不是解决问题的好方法。人们给动物饲喂免遭瘤胃微生物降解的优质蛋白质。但是过瘤胃蛋白的增加可引起瘤胃内菌体蛋白的合成量减少,最终使     

保护性蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

现今确认,蛋氨酸是奶牛最主要的限制性氨基酸,一是瘤胃微生物合成的蛋氨酸数量相对较低;二是植物性饲料特别是籽实饲料中(如常用的蛋白质饲料豆饼等)往往缺乏蛋氨酸;三是饲料中含有的蛋氨酸和瘤胃中合成的蛋氨酸,其中约有30%～60%在瘤胃中遭到破坏分解,而不能进人小肠被机体吸收利用。本试验给奶牛饲喂一种瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸,观察其对奶牛生产性能的效果。1方法试验奶牛的选择与分组选择来源相同、胎次相近、日产奶量相近、体况健康正常的奶牛12头,随机分为两组,每组6头,在相同的饲养管理条件下饲养。本试验设预试期7天,试验期35天,从2001年9…     

瘤胃保护性胆碱对奶牛的作用

本文简单介绍了胆碱的生化功能及其在瘤胃中代谢特性,并对瘤胃保护性胆碱在围产期奶牛生产上的应用及研究进展进行综述。     

保护性蛋氨酸在奶牛中的应用

蛋氨酸是奶牛氨基酸营养的重要成分,直接添加易被瘤胃微生物降解,影响机体吸收利用。保护性蛋氨酸能够避免在瘤胃内降解,满足奶牛蛋氨酸需要,提高生产性能。作者从代谢吸收、营养功能、影响保护性蛋氨酸利用的因素及生产应用方面进行了阐述。     

奶牛日粮添加保护性蛋氨酸试验

１材料与方法１．１试验用保护性蛋氨酸由德国迪高沙公司提供１．２参试牛群的选择：根据所提供的保护性蛋氨酸数量（５０千克）和试验要求（能够选出泌乳月和产奶量相近的足够数量的试验、对照牛;便于逐头检测每日产奶量）,选择奶牛三场２、３班１４３头牛（同在一栋牛...     

保护性蛋氨酸对奶牛生产性能的影响

本试验研究了过瘤胃蛋氨酸(RPMet)对奶牛生产性能的影响。试验结果表明，奶牛日粮中添加瘤胃保护性蛋氨酸,可以提高奶牛的产奶量14．6％，乳脂肪含量提高12、06％，乳蛋白含量提高11．65％。     

奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的发病机理与营养调控

瘤胃酸中毒主要是由于饲喂大量的极易发酵的碳水化合物,引起瘤胃内酸度升高,从而导致机体功能紊乱的一种营养代谢病。发病快、病程短、病症重、死亡率高,给奶牛养殖造成严重的损失。本文主要就奶牛瘤胃酸中毒的发病机制及预防的研究进展作了简要综述。合理调配饲料,日粮中添加缓冲物质,调控瘤胃内微生物区系,加强饲养管理等手段的综合运用可有效的防止瘤胃酸中毒的发生。     

过瘤胃氨基酸在奶牛生产中的应用

本文综述了过瘤胃氨基酸的概念、稳定性、保护效果的测定方法及过瘤胃氨基酸对奶牛生产性能的影响和影响过瘤胃氨基酸效果的因素。     

The effects of lactation on the fertility of dairy cows

Lactation has been negatively associated with fertility because pregnancy rates in maiden heifers exceed those obtained after first or subsequent calvings. The extent of this difference is less in pasture-fed dairy cows (<10%) than in American Holsteins (>20%) fed grain and conserved forages. The latter cows have pregnancy rates to first insemination and oestrus detection rates of only 40 to 45%. This suggests that the subsequent fertility of inherently fertile Holstein heifers may be severely compromised by high levels of milk production. International comparisons show that pasture-fed dairy cows may experience extended periods of anovulatory anoestrum but have normal fertility (60% pregnancy rate to first insemination) once cycling. The high-producing American Holstein may ovulate within 4 weeks postpartum but is more likely to continue ovulating without being detected in oestrus. Both situations are associated with negative energy balances (NEB) during early lactation. The severity and duration of this NEB may vary with body condition at calving, age or parity, ration formulation, production level and environmental factors. Relative daily milk yield is not an absolute indicator of NEB, because some lower producing cows within a herd have lower feed intakes and more severe energy deficits. NEB is not simple to measure; nonetheless, it is correlated with genetic improvement for milk yield. A positive energy balance, greater weight gain and higher body condition score have all been shown to be positively correlated with plasma progesterone concentrations in early lactation. No studies have investigated the possibility that the rapid increase in metabolic rate at this time may also alter steroid concentrations with consequent effects on oestrous behaviour and fertility. Studies to more precisely define the effects of increasing milk yields in early lactation, especially in Holsteins, may need to be completed in Australia and New Zealand. Oestrus detection rates and pregnancy rates for American Holsteins of less than 50% are accepted widely in the USA. Such low detection rates confound studies on fertility. The objective should be to increase these 2 rates to at least 80% and 60% respectively. This may involve the use of controlled breeding, especially if oestrous behaviour is less overt in high-producing Holstein cows.     

过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响

用 8头荷斯坦黑白花奶牛 ,在饲粮中添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇 ,研究其对乳牛瘤胃发酵、产乳量及乳成分的影响。结果表明 ,过瘤胃蛋白+丙二醇可显著提高丙酸浓度 (P <0 0 5) ,并且产乳量较对照组有增加的趋势。乳脂率、乳蛋白率、乳糖率及无脂固形物率 ,并未因添加过瘤胃蛋白和丙二醇而受到显著影响 (P >0 0 5)。乳蛋白质量、乳脂量及无脂固形物量 ,过瘤胃蛋白 +丙二醇组较对照组有增加的趋势 ,但差异均不显著 (P >0 0 5)。     

硒的生物学特性与奶牛营养需要的研究进展

对硒的生物学特性,硒对奶牛健康的影响以及奶牛对硒的需要量作了比较全面的综述,为在奶牛饲养过程中提供科学的参考依据。     

高产奶牛热应激营养调控效果的研究

将24只荷斯坦奶牛按胎次、产奶量、泌乳天数、膘情、体型等因素相近原则分成3组,分别饲喂基础日粮(对照组)、基础日粮+抗热应激预混料(试验Ⅰ组)、基础日粮+过瘤胃脂肪+抗热应激预混料(试验Ⅱ组),且自由采食玉米秸秆,研究其对奶牛采食量、生产性能、呼吸率、肛温以及血液生化指标的影响。结果表明:试验Ⅱ组日粮组合可以降低热应激奶牛直肠温度,提高精料、干物质采食量,增进奶牛食欲,显著提高产奶量,改善乳汁品质。     

Reproductive effects of estradiol cypionate in postparturient dairy cows

OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of estradiol cypionate (ECP) on measures of reproductive efficiency in postparturient dairy cows. DESIGN: Randomized clinical trial. ANIMALS: 273 cows in a single herd in California. PROCEDURE: Twenty-four hours after parturition, 122 cows were treated with ECP (4 mg, IM); the remaining 151 cows were untreated controls. Percentages of cattle with abnormal findings during uterine palpation 27 to 40 days after parturition were compared between groups, along with days to first artificial insemination (AI), percentages of cows that were not pregnant after the first AI, and days to pregnancy. RESULTS: Treatment with ECP did not have a significant effect on whether results of uterine palpation 27 to 40 days after parturition were abnormal, days to first AI, or odds that a cow would be pregnant after the first AI. Treatment with ECP appeared to have a negative effect on days to pregnancy (hazard ratio, 0.72) CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that prophylactic administration of ECP during the early postparturient period in dairy cows did not have measurable beneficial effects on reproductive efficiency.     

The effects of periparturient events on breeding performance of dairy cows

Many periparturient events affect breeding performance in dairy cows. These events include disorders, high early lactation milk yield, other cow factors, and calf factors. The effects range in severity from "annoying" to "devastating."